2023高考英語三輪沖刺模擬真題演練-模擬卷（二）（解析版）

模擬卷（二）

第一部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

DearTeachersandParents,

ThisJune,duringFinancialLiteracyMonth,wehavesometoshare.

In2015,afreeonlinefinancialeducationcoursenamedFulureSmarlwasintroducedtomiddleschoolstudents,

specificallyintendedforthisgroupatatimeintheirliveswhenfinancialhabitstakeholdandgrow.

Fastforwardtotoday,FutureSmart,availableinEnglishandSpanish,hasreachedover13,000schoolsacrossall

50states.Morethantwomillionstudentshavecompletedthecourse,withalmosthalfcomingfromlow-to-moderate

incomefamilies.

Butwearen'tstoppingthere.Wepromisetoreachfourmillionmorestudentsbytheendof2025.

Why?Becausethismomentcallsforbraveaction.Neverbeforehavemoneymanagementandinvestmentdecisions

beensoeasytoconductatanytimeorplacethroughtheuseofasmartphone.Itistimetoofferstudentsmorecritical

financialliteracyeducationtoencouragethemtomakegoodfinancialdecisionsonadailybasisastheymaketheir

waythroughacomplexworld.

Fromweighingopportunitycoststodelayinginstantsatisfactionforlong-termfinancialgain,FutureSmart

educatesouryouthusinghands-onsimulations（模擬）tointroduceconceptslikedailyfinancialdecisionsandthe

rewardsoflong-termplanning.Teachingyounglearnershowtobuildsolidfinancialfoundationsisanimportantstep

inbuildingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.

Althoughourworkisfarfromcomplete,weknowthatFutureSmartworks.Anditworksexceptionallywell.

Inthelargeststudyofitskind,supportedbytheMassMutualFoundationandEVERFI,theUniversityof

MassachusettsDonahueInstitute（UMDI）recentlyconcludedthat90%ofstudentssawastatisticallysignificantand

educationallymeaningfulincreaseinknowledgeaftertakingtheFutureSmartcourse.

What'smore,theseresultswereconsistentacrossallstudentdemographicsincludingrace,age,gender,school

year,andsocioeconomicstatus.

Wehavealongwaytogotoreacheverysinglemiddleschoolstudent,butwewelcomethechallenge.Together,

ourteamshavestartedamovementtoprovideequalaccesstofinancialeducation,andweinviteotherstojoinus.

Visitgetfuturesmart.comtolearnmoreandseehowyoucanbringFutureSmarttotheyoungpeopleinyourlife.

MICHAELFANNINGRAYMARTINEZ

HeadofMassMutualUSPresidentandCo-FounderofEVERFI

1.ThecourseFutureSmart.

A.isofferedintwodifferentlanguages

B.requiresskillfulsmartphoneoperation

C.hasbeenboughtbyalargenumberofschools

D.targetsstudentsfromlow-to-moderateincomefamilies

2.HowdoesFutureSmartintroducefinancialconcepts?

A.Byestablishingfinanciallyhealthycommunities.

B.Bymanagingopportunitiesandrewards.

C.Bysimulatingreal-lifesituations.

D.Bydelayingfinancialgain.

3.Aftertakingthecourse,thestudentsshouldbeableto.

A.improvetheiracademicperformance

B.acceptfinancialchallengesatanytime

C.understandpeoplefromvariousbackgrounds

D.buildastablefinancialfoundationforthefuture

1~3.【答案】A、C、D

【知識點】邏輯推理、教育、其他應用文、語意轉化

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇應用文。一門名為FutureSmart的免費在線金融教育課程被介紹給了中學

生，該課程專門針對這一群體，旨在教年輕人如何建立堅實的財務基礎。

1.根據(jù)第三段首句Fastforwardtotoday,FutureSmart,availableinEnglishandSpanish,hasreachedover13,000

schoolsacrossall50states.（快進到今天,FutureSmart有英語和西班牙語版本，己經(jīng)覆蓋了美國50個州的13000

多所學校。）可知，F(xiàn)utureSmart課程以兩種不同的語言提供。故選A。

2.根據(jù)第六段首句Fromweighingopportunitycoststodelayinginstantsatisfactionforlong-termfinancialgain,

FutureSmarteducatesouryouthusinghands-onsimulations（模擬）tointroduceconceptslikedailyfinancial

decisionsandtherewardsoflong-termplanning.（從權衡機會成本到為了長期財務收益而推遲即時滿足，

FutureSmart通過實際模擬教育我們的年輕人，介紹日常財務決策和長期規(guī)劃獎勵等概念。）可知，F(xiàn)ulureSmart

通過模擬現(xiàn)實情況引入金融概念。故選C。

3,根據(jù)第六段末句Teachingyounglearnershowtobuildsolidfinancialfoundationsisanimportantstepinbuilding

financiallyhealthycommunities.（教年輕人如何建立堅實的財務基礎是建立財務健康社區(qū)的重要一步。）以

及第七段中的Althoughourworkisfarfromcomplete,weknowthatFutureSmartworks.Anditworks

exceptionallywell.（雖然我們的工作還遠未完成，但我們知道FutureSmart是可行的。而且效果非常好。）

可知，F(xiàn)utureSmart課程是為了教年輕人如何建立堅實的財務基礎，且效果非常好。所以，學習完課程后，

學生應該能夠為未來建立一個穩(wěn)定的財務基礎。故選D。

B

Mostenvironmentalpollutioncomesfromhumansandtheirinventions.Theelectricbulbsarethoughttobeone

ofthegreatesthumaninventionsofalltime.However,toomuchofagoodthinghasstartedtonegativelyimpactthe

environment.Lightpollution,theextremeorinappropriateuseofoutdoorartificiallight,isaffectinghuman

healthandwildlifebehavior.Thereisaglobalmovementtoreducelightpollution,andeveryonecanhelp.

Lightpollutionisaglobalissue.ThisbecameparticularlyobviouswhentheWorldAtlas（地圖冊）ofNightSky

Brightness,acomputer-generatedmapbasedonthousandsofsatellitephotos,waspublishedin2016.Vastareasof

NorthAmerica,Europe,theMiddleEast,andAsiaareglowingwithlight,whileonlySiberia,theSahara,andthe

Amazonareintotaldarkness.

Artificiallightcanwreakhavoconnaturalbodyrhythmsinbothhumansandanimals.

Itinterruptssleepandconfusesthecircadianrhythm（生理節(jié)奏）theinternal,

twenty-four-hourclockthatguidesdayandnightactivitiesandaffectsphysiologicalprocessesinnearly

alllivingorganisms.Oneoftheseprocessesistheproductionofthehormonemelatonin（褪黑素）,whichisreleased

whenitisdarkandispreventedwhenthereislight.Anincreasedamountoflightatnightlowersmelatonin

production,whichresultinlackof

sleep,headaches,stress,anxiety,andotherhealthproblems.Bluelight,inparticular,hasbeenshownto

reducelevelsofmelatonininhumans.Itisfoundincellphonesandothercomputerdevices,aswellasin

light-emittingdiodes（LEDs）,thekindsofbulbsthathavebecomepopularathomeandinindustrialandcitylighting

duetotheirlowcostandenergyefficiency.

Studiesshowthatlightpollutionisalsoimpactinganimalbehaviors,suchasmigration（遷徙）pattemsand

habitatformation.Becauseoflightpollution,seaturtlesguidedbymoonlightduringmigrationgetconfused,lose

theirway,andoftendie.Largenumbersofinsects,aprimaryfoodsourceforbirdsandotheranimals,aredrawnto

artificiallightandareinstantlykilleduponcontactwithlightsources.Evenanimalslivingunderthedeepseamaybe

affectedbyunderwaterartificiallighting.Onestudylookedathowanimalsinsearespondedtobrightlylitpanelsput

underwateroffthecoastofWales.Fewerfilterfeedinganimals（濾食性動物）,suchastheseasquirt（海鞘）,made

theirhomesnearthelightedpanels.Thiscouldmeanthattheartificiallightisalteringoceanecosystems.

Thegoodnewsisthatlightpollution,unlikemanyotherformsofpollution,isreversible（可逆

的）andeachoneofuscanmakeadifference!Now,manypeoplearetakingactiontoreducelightpollutionandbring

backthenaturalnightsky.Individualsareurgedtouseoutdoorlightingonlywhenandwhereitisneeded,tomake

sureoutdoorlightsareproperlyshielded（遮擋）anddirectlightdowninsteadofupintothesky,andtoclosewindow

blinds,shades,andcurtainsatnighttokeeplightinside.

4.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“wreakhavocon“inPara.3probablymean?

A.Greatlyimprove.B.Seriouslydamage.

C.Strictlymanage.D.Wellmaintain.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Lightpollutionwasfirststudiedasaglobalissuein2016.

B.Deep-seaenvironmentcanhelpanimalsavoidlightpollution.

C.Artificiallightaffectsthesenseofdirectionandhabitsofanimals.

D.LEDscanbeusedmorebecauseoflowcostandenergyefficiency.

6.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecontroloflightpollution?

A.Unconcerned.B.Negative.C.Neutral.D.Positive.

7.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tocallonpeopletoreducelightpollution.

B.Todiscussfbrsandagainstsofartificiallight.

C.Togivesuggestionstoprotectenvironment.

D.Toshowdevelopmentprospectofartificiallight.

4~7.【答案】D、C、D、A

【知識點】短語猜測、邏輯推理、人與環(huán)境、說明文、目的意圖、觀點態(tài)度

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了人造光對人類和動物的危害，呼吁我們要行動

起來，減少光污染。

4.根據(jù)第三段中的hinten-uptssleepandconfusesthecircadianrhythm（生理節(jié)奏）一theinternal,twenty-four-hour

clockthatguidesdayandnightactivitiesandaffectsphysiologicalprocessesinnearlyalllivingorganisms.（它會干

擾睡眠，擾亂晝夜節(jié)律——幾乎所有生物體內指導晝夜活動并影響生理過程的24小時生物鐘。）和下文提

到的人造光對人類和動物造成的危害可知，人造光會打擾睡眠，擾亂生理節(jié)律，對人類和動物產(chǎn)生危害，

結合劃線短語所在句子Artificiallightcanwreakhavoconnaturalbodyrhythmsinbothhumansandanimals.（人

造光可以對人類和動物的自然節(jié)律O）可知，人造光可以對人類和動物的自然節(jié)律造成嚴重破壞。

即劃線短語wreakhavocon意思與D項“嚴重損害”意思一樣，故選D。

5.根據(jù)第四段中的Studiesshowthatlightpollutionisalsoimpactinganimalbehaviors,suchasmigration（遷徙）

patternsandhabitatformation.Becauseoflightpollution,seaturtlesguidedbymoonlightduringmigrationget

confused,losetheirway,andoftendie.（研究表明，光污染也影響動物的行為，如遷徙模式和棲息地的形成。

由于光污染，在月光引導下的海龜在遷徙過程中容易迷路，甚至死亡。）可知，人造光影響動物的方向感

和習性。故選C。

6.根據(jù)最后——段中的Thegoodnewsisthatlightpollution,unlikemanyotherformsofpollution,isreversible（可

andeachoneofuscanmakeadifference!（好消息是，光污染，不像其他形式的污染，是可逆的，我們

每個人都可以做出改變！）可知，光污染是可逆的，每個人都可以做出改變。即作者對光污染控制的態(tài)度

是積極樂觀的。故選D。

7.根據(jù)第——段中的Lightpollution,theextremeorinappropriateuseofoutdoorartificiallight,isaffectinghuman

healthandwildlifebehavior.Thereisaglobalmovementtoreducelightpollution,andeveryonecanhelp.（光污染，

極端或不適當?shù)氖褂脩敉馊斯す?，正在影響人類健康和野生動物的行為。有一個減少光污染的全球運動，

每個人都可以幫忙。）可知，文章主要介紹了人造光對人類和動物的危害，呼吁我們要行動起來，減少光

污染，所以文章的寫作目的是A（呼吁人們減少光污染。），故選A。

C

Adaptingtotechnologicaladvancesisadefiningpartofthe21s-centurylife.Justtwomonthsafterbeing

launchedinNovember2022,OpenAl'sChatGPThasalreadyreachedanaudienceofover100millionpeople.While

ChatGPTthreatenstochangewritingandwriting-relatedwork,theMesopotamians,wholived4,000yearsagoina

geographicalareacenteredinmodern-dayIraq,wentthroughthiskindoffar-reachingchangebeforeus.

AncientMesopotamiawashometomanyofcivilization'searlydevelopments.Itspeoplewereworldleadersin

adaptingtotechnologicalandculturalchanges.Theyinventedthewheelandagriculture,andpioneeredadvancesin

mathematicsandurbanization.Thesebreakthroughsarereflectedincuneiform（楔形文字）literature,oneofthe

oldestknownformsofwriting.

Initsliterature,Mesopotamiansdon'tpresentculturalandtechnologicaladvancesasconsistentlybeneficial.

Theyoftenrepresentnewtechnologiesbeingcontrolledintheserviceofhumanconflictandmostlyservingthe

interestsofthosewithhighsocialpositions.Insomeways,therepresentationofnewtechnologiesinitsliterature

echoes（映現(xiàn)）contemporaryconcernsaboutAI:fearsofincreasingsocialinequalitiesanditspotentialusein

informationwar.

Inrecentyears,Al-thenewestformofwriting-hasbeenusedtodecipher（破譯）theoldest:cuneiformliterature.

Inbroaderfields,theboundariesofhowAImaybeusedhavenbeenclearlyexplained.InJanuary,forexample,atop

internationalAIconferencebannedtheuseofAItoolsfbrwritingscientificpapers.

Humanshavebeenstrugglingtoinvent,useandadapttotechnologysinceourearliestcivilizations.Butthe

technologyandresultingknowledgearenotalwaysevenlydistributed.Knowinghowweadaptedtochanging

technologyinthepasthelpsusmorefullyunderstandthehumanconditionandmayevenhelpusprepareforthe

future.

8.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkaboutconcerningMesopotamians?

A.Theiradaptationtothreats.

B.Theirinfluencesonwriting.

C.Theircontributiontoliterature.

D.Theirachievementsincivilization.

9.WhatcanbeinfeiTedabouttechnologicaladvancesfromparagraph3?

A.Theypreventhumanconflict.

B.Theybringabouthiddendangers.

C.Theytakeawaypeople'sconcerns.

D.Theylowerpeople'ssocialstatus.

10.WhatisthecuiTentsituationofAIaccordingtoparagraph4?

A.Itsuseinliteratureispopular.

B.Itisnotallowedtofinishpapers.

C.Itsrangeofapplicationisundefined.

D.Itisnotacceptedinbroaderfields.

11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.HowPeopleCanUsetheLatestTechnology

B.HowChatGPTWillThreatenWritingandWork

C.WhatAIWillDobyLearningCuneiformLiterature

D.WhatHistoryCanTeachUsAboutNewTech'sImpact

8~11.【答案】D、B、C、D

【知識點】段落大意、邏輯推理、科技信息與發(fā)明創(chuàng)新、說明文、標題判斷

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要通過講述歷史上美索不達米亞人的科技成就及其影響來啟

示當今的科技發(fā)展及影響。

8.根據(jù)文章第二段內容（古代美索不達米亞是許多早期文明發(fā)展的發(fā)源地。它的人民在適應技術和文化變

化方面處于世界領先地位。他們發(fā)明J'車輪和農業(yè)，開創(chuàng)了數(shù)學和城市化的先河。這些突破反映在楔形文

字文學中，這是已知最古老的書寫形式之一。）可知，關于美索不達米亞人，第二段主要討論了“他們的文

明成就"。故選D。

9.根據(jù)文章第三段中的Theyoftenrepresentnewtechnologiesbeingcontrolledintheserviceofhumanconflict...its

potentialuseininformationwar.（它們通常代表著為人類沖突服務而被控制的新技術，E要為那些社會地位

高的人的利益服務。在某些方面，其文學作品中對新技術的描述呼應了當代對人工智能的擔憂：對日益加

劇的社會不平等及其在信息戰(zhàn)中的潛在用途的擔憂。）可知，從第三段可以推斷出技術進步帶來了隱患。

故選B。

10.根據(jù)文章第四段中的Inbroaderfields,theboundariesofhowAImaybeusedhaven'tbeenclearlyexplained.

（在更廣泛的領域，人工智能如何使用的界限還沒有得到明確的解釋。）可知，AI的現(xiàn)狀是它的應用范圍

是不明確的。故選C。

11.通過對文章結構和內容的分析，再根據(jù)最后一段內容（自最早的文明以來，人類一直在努力發(fā)明、使用

和適應技術。但是技術和由此產(chǎn)生的知識并不總是均勻分布的。了解我們如何適應過去不斷變化的技術有

助于我們更全面地了解人類的狀況，甚至可能幫助我們?yōu)槲磥碜龊脺蕚洹＃┛芍?，本文主要通過講述歷史

上美索不達米亞人的科技成就及其影響來啟示今天的科技發(fā)展及影響。所以短文的標題為“關于新技術的影

響，歷史能告訴我們什么故選D。

D

Mychildhoodwasapaintedpictureofsunnyskyandrollinggreenfieldsstretchingtothehorizon.Ittastedof

sharpberriesandsmeltofsourgrapes.Myfamilylivedinacabin（小木屋）inthecountrysidebutIlivedinmy

mother'sarms.Theyweresodelicatebutstrong,herredhairfallingaroundmelikeacurtainseparatingmefromthe

world.

Childhoodwassimple.Thebordersofmyvillagewerethefurthestmytroubleswentandmonstersonlylivedin

thepagesofbooks.Everydaywasawakingdreamofrunningracesandmuddyknees.Myvillagewasarchaic,dying

cabinshousingdyingfarmerswithdyingtraditions.Thereweren'tmanychildrenbutmeandtheotherboys;boysof

butchersandsellersfbimedourowngroup.

Theycalleduswild.Isupposewewere.Treesandmountainsformedourplaygroundsandfightsbrokeoutas

easilyassuddenlaughter.Liberatedfromtherestrictionsofsociety,wewouldboundintothewoods,deeperand

deeperuntilwefoundalakewhich,withawildyell,wewouldjumpintoallatonce.

Mymostvividmemoriesfromboyhoodcenteraroundthatlake.Watershonebrightlyandthesoundsofour

screamsbrokeintotheoutcryfrombirds.Theshockofcoldwateragainstsweatingskinwouldwakeeverynervein

mybodyandmybarefeetwouldhitthesinkingmuddybottom.Aswesubmerged。奄沒），timewouldsuspend,

movementsslowingasbubblesrosearoundus.

Iwasdrowning.Iwasliving.Iwasliving.Iwasdrowning.

Fortimelessnessorasecond（bothfeltthesame）,wewouldsuspend,curlup,andthenbeforcedbackoutinto

breathingair.

Weshouldhaveknownthatitwouldn'tlastforever.Yet,evenunderthebestcircumstances,there*ssomethingso

tragicaboutgrowingup:tohaveyourperspectiveonthepeopleandlifearoundyouchange;toalwaysstruggleto

reachamirroronlytofindyourselftallenoughtoseeyourreflectiononeday.Andfind,adifferentpersonstaring

backoutatyou.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"archaic"meaninparagraph2?

A.Borderless.B.Valueless.

C.Old-fashioned.D.Poverty-stricken.

13.Whydidtheauthorconsiderhimselfandotherchildrenwild?

A.Theyplayedinthewoodscrazily.

B.Theytrickedotherspurposefully.

C.Theyfrequentlybrokesocialrules.

D.Theyfirmlyrefusedschooleducation.

14.Howdoestheauthorintroducehismemoriesofthelake?

A.Bysharingfeelings.B.Byexpressingideas.

C.Bymakingcomparisons.D.Bydescribingcharacters.

15.Whatmessagedoestheauthorseemtoconveyinthelastparagraph?

A.Lonelinessandchallengesmakeamangrowup.

B.Theregretofgrowthisthatyouhavenevertried.

C.Growthisoftenaccompaniedbysadgoodbyestothepast.

D.Growthbeginswhenwebegintoacceptourownweakness.

12~15.【答案】C、A、A、C

【知識點】邏輯推理、語意轉化、記敘文、詞義猜測、日常生活

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要描繪了作者對于童年美好生活的回憶以及對于長大后

童年時光逝去的感傷。

12.根據(jù)劃線單詞所在句子Myvillagewasarchaic,dyingcabinshousingdyingfarmerswithdyingtraditions.（我

的村莊很古老，垂死的小屋住著垂死的農民，他們的傳統(tǒng)己經(jīng)消亡。）并結合上下文語境可知此處是描寫

我小時候生活的村莊很陳舊。archaic意為“陳舊的“。故選C。

13.根據(jù)文章第三段中的Treesandmountainsformedourplaygroundsandfightsbrokeoutaseasilyassudden

laughter...wewouldjumpintoallatonce.（樹木和山脈構成了我們的游樂場，打架就像突然的笑聲一樣容易爆

發(fā)。從社會的束縛中解放出來，我們會跳進樹林里，越陷越深，直到發(fā)現(xiàn)一個湖，我們會大叫一聲，立刻

跳進湖里。）可知，之所以作者認為自己和其他孩子都是野孩子，是因為他們在樹林里瘋狂地玩耍。故選A。

14.根據(jù)文章第四至六段中的Watershonebrightly...movementsslowingasbubblesrosearoundus.（水面閃閃發(fā)

光，我們的尖叫聲被鳥兒的叫聲打斷了.冷水對著出汗的皮膚的沖擊會喚醒我身體的每一根神經(jīng)，我的光

腳會撞到下沉的泥濘的底部。當我們潛入水中時，時間會停止，隨著我們周圍的氣泡上升，運動變慢。）

和Iwasdrowning.Iwasliving.Iwasliving.Iwasdrowning.（我快淹死了。我還活著。我還活著。我快淹死了。）

以及Fortimelessnessorasecond（bothfeltthesame）,wewouldsuspend,curlup,andthenbeforcedbackoutinto

breathingair.（在一段時間或一秒鐘內（兩者的感覺都是一樣的），我們會暫停，蜷縮起來，然后被迫重新呼

吸空氣。）可知，作者從自己當時的所見、所聽、所感等多個層面描繪了自己童年時對于湖的回憶。故選A。

15.根據(jù)文章最后一段內容（我們早該知道愛情不會永遠持續(xù)下去。然而，即使在最好的情況下，成長也有

一些悲劇:你對周圍人和生活的看法發(fā)生了變化;你總是掙扎著去拿鏡子，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己已經(jīng)足夠高，有一天可

以看到自己的倒影。然后發(fā)現(xiàn)，另一個人正盯著你。）可知，作者在最后一段似乎傳達了“成長常常伴隨著

對過去的悲傷告別?！惫蔬xC。

第二節(jié)（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Haveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincities?Urbanareasalsotendtoget

hotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.（16）

It'smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.Inthe

country,evaporation（蒸發(fā)）ofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltheair.（17）Havingfewer

plants,citieshavelessevaporationandareunabletocooldownthetemperature.

Darkcoloursareanotherproblem.Darkobjectsabsorballwavelengthsoflight,makingthetemperatureincrease

morenoticeably.Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy.（18）Sadly,mostpartsofcities

arecoveredbyasphalt（瀝青），steel,roofsandbrickswhichareoftendarkincolour.

（⑼Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatand

pouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.Thewasteheataddstothesolarenergytrappedbythetallbuildings.

Butcitiesdon'thavetobesohot.Somecitieshavelightenedtheirstreets.Thisisdonebycoveringblackasphalt

streets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating.（20）

Havingmoregreenspacesalsohelps.Plantsserveasanaturalairconditioner.Theycatchheat,release

vapour（蒸汽）intotheair,andtakeawayheat,contributingtocooler,freshercities.

A.Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.

B.Thehigherthetemperature,theshorterthewavelength.

C.Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.

D.Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.

E.Changesinbuildingmaterialshaveaminimaleffectoncitytemperatures.

F.Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.

G.Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.

16~20.【答案】C、F、D、A、G

【知識點】科普知識、說明文

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了熱島效應。

16.根據(jù)上文Haveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincities?Urbanareasalso

tendtogelhotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.（你有沒有注意到，農村的夜晚比城

市涼爽得多?城市地區(qū)在白天也往往比附近有很多綠色植物的地區(qū)更熱。）可知，本文是一篇介紹熱島效應

的科普文。首段的行文邏輯為從現(xiàn)象到結論，從而引出熱島效應這一地理名詞。所以，C項（這種現(xiàn)象被稱

為城市熱島效應。）符合題意。故選C。

17.根據(jù)前一句evaporationofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltoair（土壤和植物葉子中的

水分蒸發(fā)有助于冷卻到空氣中）及第二段主題句It'smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthe

groundinurbanareasandthecountryside.（這主要是由于?城市和農村覆蓋地面的材料不同造成的。）可知，F(xiàn)

選項（相比之下，城市的大部分土壤已經(jīng)被道路和建筑物覆蓋。）符合題意。故選F。

18.根據(jù)空前句Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy（相反，白色物體反射所有波長

的光能）和D選項所以它不會轉化為使空氣變熱的熱量。）形成因果關系。即，白色物品會反射所有波長

的光，因此能量不會被轉換成熱量，從而讓空氣變熱。故選D。

19.A選項（城市也比郊區(qū)產(chǎn)生更多的熱量。）中的“producemoreheat（產(chǎn)生更多的熱量）”與選項下一句

Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintothe

atmospheredirectly.（隨著人們開車、給建筑物供暖和使用空調，城市正在產(chǎn)生廢熱，并將其宜接排放到大

氣中。）中的generatewasteheat（產(chǎn)生廢熱）形成對應關系。開車，供暖或是開空調都是產(chǎn)生熱量的行為。

故選A。

20.段末句，考查遞進邏輯關系。本段的討論內容為解決熱島效應的方法。G選項中的thesechanges（這些

變化）對應了選項前面一句的方法，即coveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamore

reflectivegraycoating（覆蓋黑色瀝青街道、停車場和深色屋頂?shù)姆垂庑愿鼜姷幕疑繉樱?。同時，G選項（這

些變化會使氣溫急劇下降，尤其是在夏天。）進一步解釋了這些舉措所能帶來的好處，與前文形成遞進關

系。故選Go

第二部分語言運用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題;每小題1分，滿分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

Growingup,Iwasfortunatetohavedinnerwithmyfamilyalmosteveryday.Sometimes,thefamilydinner

circle(21)toincluderelativesstoppingby.Yet,Iknewsomefriendswhoseparentsgothomeafterdinneror

even(22)theentireevening.SoI(23)thequalitytimearoundourkitchentable,whichwitnessedcountless

valuable(24)inmylife.

(25),mykidscannotrelatetomychildhoodmemories.Theyhavebeenleftto(26)withbabysittersmore

timesthanIwouldliketoadmit.MyhusbandandIhave(27)careers.Andweoftenendupstayingattheoffice

waypastdinnertime.Whenthishappenstoooften,it(28)thebalanceofourfamily.

Apartfromsufferingfrom(29),whatelsecanahardworkingfamilydo?Ithinkwecanalltryto(30)our

ownwaystospendtimetogether.SurelytherearedayswhenI'mtoobusytoshareamealwithmyfamily.ButI

wouldmakeeffortsto(31)andchatlaterthatday,(32)settingasidecellphoneseverytime.AndIevenfinda

bedtimereadingwithmykidsmuch(33).Iamalsoproudtohaveour"bigbreakfast"routineeverySaturday.My

husbandservesastheheadchef,andmyyoungerson(34)himtomakethebreakfast.

Iamawarethatmysonsaregrowingupquicklyandwillbeoutofthe(35)someday.Butnow,Iamhappyto

havesomanywonderfulthingsonmyplate.

21.A.widenedB.formedC.lessenedD.closed

22.A.missedB.avoidedC.enjoyedD.recorded

23.A.wastedB.treasuredC.limitedD.calculated

24.A.showsB.dishesC.recipesD.moments

25.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides

26.A.sleepB.dineC.studyD.play

27.A.suitableB.flexibleC.satisfyingD.demanding

28.A.maintainsB.disturbsC.improvesD.strikes

29.A.fearB.angerC.guiltD.hunger

30.A.predictB.createC.evaluateD.accept

31.A.workoutB.calmdownC.holdonD.catchup

32.A.unwillinglyB.casuallyC.consciouslyD.carelessly

33.A.louderB.shorterC.simplerD.sweeter

34.A.assistsB.guidesC.allowsD.orders

35.A.officeB.kitchenC.houseD.park

21~35.【答案】A、A、B、D、A、B、D、B、C、B、D、C、D、A、C

【知識點】副詞辨析、動詞短語辨析、記敘文、名詞辨析、形容詞詞義辨析、動詞辨析、日常生活

【解析】【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章圍繞“共享親子時光”這一話題展開，體現(xiàn)親情的可貴。作者

感慨，總有一天兒子會長大，并且離開家。

21.句意：有時，家庭聚餐的圈子擴大到包括親戚。A.widened拓寬；B.formed組成，構成；C.lessened

減少；D.closed關閉。根據(jù)后文toincluderelativesstoppingby可知，家里的餐桌會擴大，以容納這些來訪

的親戚。故選A。

22.句意：然而，我認識一些朋友，他們的父母晚飯后才回家，甚至整個晚上都沒有回家。A.missed錯過,

想念：B.avoided避免；C.enjoyed享受，喜愛：D.recorded記錄。根據(jù)空前parentsgothomeafterdinneroreven...

可知，此處和前文形成遞進關系。即，父母會在晚飯時間之后回家，甚至是錯過一整個晚上。故選A。

23.句意：所以我很珍惜圍坐在餐桌旁的美好時光，它見證了我生命中無數(shù)珍貴的時刻。A.wasted浪費；B.

treasured珍惜，重視；C.limited限制；D.calculated計算。設空處前文提到Iknewsomefriendswhoseparents

gothomeafterdinnerorevenmissedtheentireevening因此，作者十分珍惜餐桌旁的親子時光。故選Bo

24.句意同上。A.shows表演;B.dishes菜肴；C.recipes食譜；D.moments片刻。根據(jù)空前的qualitytime

可知，餐桌旁見證了我人生中無數(shù)珍貴的瞬間。故選D。

25.句意:然而,我的孩子們無法將我的童年記憶聯(lián)系起來。A.However然而；B.Otherwise要不然的話,

否貝!I：C.ThereforeHilt：D.Besides另夕卜，此外。結合空前kitchentablewitnessedcountlessvaluablemoments

inmylife,與空后Theyhavebeenleftto(6)withbabysitters可知，作者小時候可以和父母共進晚餐，但是

作者的孩子只能和保姆一起吃晚餐。因此形成轉折關系。翻譯為“但是，對我的孩子們來說，他們并不能對

我童年的回憶感同身受"。故選A。

26.句意：他們不得不和保姆一起吃飯的次數(shù)比我愿意承認的還要多。A.sleep睡覺；B.dine進餐，吃飯；

Cstudy學習,研究;D.play玩。根據(jù)空個前后“Theyhavebeenleftto(6)withbabysittersmoretimesthanI

wouldliketoadmit.”可知，全文圍繞“一家人共進晚餐”這話題展開，所以這里指“吃飯”。故選B。

27.句意：我丈夫和我的工作要求很高。A.suitable合適的;B.flexible靈活的;C.satisfying令人滿意的；D.

demanding要求高的。根據(jù)設空前的內容，作者和丈夫無法陪孩子共進晚餐與根據(jù)空后內容weoftenendup

stayi