2023外研版新教材高中英語選擇性必修第三冊同步練習(xí)-Unit 4　A glimpse of the future

Unit4Aglimpseofthefuture

五年高考練

閱讀理解

A

主題語境：人與植物語篇類型：說明文建議用時(shí)石

（2020全國I,D,??）

Theconnectionbetweenpeopleandplantshaslongbeenthesubjectofscientificresearch.

Recentstudieshavefoundpositiveeffects.AstudyconductedinYoungstown,Ohio,forexample,

discoveredthatgreenerareasofthecityexperiencedlesscrime.Inanother,employeeswereshown

tobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplacesweredecoratedwithhouseplants.

TheengineersattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）havetakenitastepfurther-

changingtheactualcompositionofplantsinordertogetthemtoperformdiverse,evenunusual

functions.Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavestoshowwhenthey,reshort

ofwaterandaplantthatcandetectharmfulchemicalsingroundwater.4?We,rethinkingabouthow

wecanengineerplantstoreplacefunctionsofthethingsthatweuseeveryday,,,explainedMichael

Strano,aprofessorofchemicalengineeringatMIT.

Oneofhislatestprojectshasbeentomakeplantsglow（發(fā)光）inexperimentsusingsome

commonvegetables.Strano,steamfoundthattheycouldcreateafaintlightforthree-and-a-half

hours.Thelight,aboutone-thousandthoftheamountneededtoreadby,isjustastart.The

technology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntreesintoself-

poweredstreetlamps.

Inthefuture,theteamhopestodevelopaversionofthetechnologythatcanbesprayedonto

plantleavesinaone-offtreatmentthatwouldlasttheplant,slifetime.Theengineersarealsotrying

todevelopanonandOff“switch“Wheretheglowwouldfadewhenexposedtodaylight.

Lightingaccountsforabout7%ofthetotalelectricityconsumedintheUS.Sincelightingis

oftenfarremovedfromthepowerSOUrCe（電源）一suchasthedistancefromapowerplanttostreet

lampsonaremotehighway-alotofenergyislostduringtransmission^^）.Glowingplantscould

reducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.

詞匯積累

LComPOSitionn.構(gòu)成;組合方式2.printvt.印出,壓印;打印3.faintadj.（光、聲、味）微弱的，不

清楚的

l.Whatisthefirstparagι*aphmainlyabout?

A.Anewstudyofdifferentplants.

B.Abigfallincrimerates.

C.Employeesfromvariousworkplaces.

D.Benefitsfromgreenplants.

2.WhatisthefunctionofthesensorsprintedonplantleavesbyMITengineers?

A.Todetectplants9lackofwater.

B.Tochangecompositionsofplants.

C.Tomakethelifeofplantslonger.

D.Totestchemicalsinplants.

3.WhatcanWeexpectoftheglowingplantsinthefuture?

A.Theywillspeedupenergyproduction.

B.Theymaytransmitelectricitytothehome.

C.Theymighthelpreduceenergyconsumption.

D.Theycouldtaketheplaceofpowerplants.

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.Canwegrowmoreglowingplants?

B.Howdowelivewithglowingplants?

C.Couldglowingplantsreplacelamps?

D.Howareglowingplantsmadepollution-free?

B

主題語境：科技發(fā)展語篇類型：說明文建議用時(shí)n

（2019課標(biāo)全國I,CW）

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingfor

biometric（生物，則量technologies——likefingerprintscans——tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.At

present,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.

ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice（裝置）that

getsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.ThissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasurestheCadenCe（節(jié)

奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldoffera

stronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser,stypingandthetimebetweenkey

presses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeteπninepeople,s

identities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit,sconnectedto一

regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.

Italsodoesn,trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen,talreadyfamiliarwith.

Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.

Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”

fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognize

differentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthe

keyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,

plastic-likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.

詞匯積累

l.beuniqueto對....來說是獨(dú)特的

2.straightforwardadj.簡單的;易懂的;坦率的

5.Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?

A.Toreducepressureonkeys.

B.Toimproveaccuracyintyping.

C.Toreplacethepasswordsystem.

D.Tocutthecostofe-spaceprotection.

6.Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?

A.Computersaremucheasiertooperate.

BTingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.

C.Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.

D.Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.

7.Whatdotheresearchersexpectofthesmartkeyboard?

A.It,llbeenvironment-friendly.

B.It,llreachconsumerssoon.

C.It,llbemadeofplastics.

D.It,llhelpspeeduptyping.

8.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.

C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.

答案與分層梯度式解析

Unit4Aglimpseofthefuture

五年高考練

A

◎語篇解讀本文為說明文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為人與植物之間的關(guān)系。文

章介紹了綠植對人類的積極影響和發(fā)光植物的節(jié)能作用并預(yù)測了其前景。本文有助于培養(yǎng)學(xué)

生的分析、推理、判斷能力以及科學(xué)創(chuàng)新精神。

1.D主旨大意題。本題題干意為:第一段主要講的是什么?根據(jù)第一段第二句（最近的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)

了積極的影響。）以及第三、四句所舉的兩個(gè)實(shí)例（城市中綠化越好的地區(qū)犯罪率越低;裝飾有

室內(nèi)植物的工作場所的員工的生產(chǎn)力提高了15%o）可知,第一段主要講的是綠植帶來的好處。

所以D項(xiàng)正確。A:對不同植物的一項(xiàng)新研究;B:犯罪率的大幅下降;C:來自不同工作場所的員

?ɑ

2.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師們壓印在植物葉子上的傳感器有什

么作用？根據(jù)第二段第二句中的"Theseincludeplantsthathavesensorsprintedontotheirleavesto

showwhenthey,reshortofWater”可知A項(xiàng)（為了檢測植物缺水）正確。B:為了改變植物的成分;C:

為了讓植物的壽命更長;D:為了探測植物中的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。

3.C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:我們未來對這些發(fā)光植物可以有什么期待？由文章最后一句

uGlowingplantscouldreducethisdistanceandthereforehelpsaveenergy.（發(fā)光植物可以縮短距離，

從而有助于節(jié)約能源。）”可知,C項(xiàng)（它們可能有助于減少能源消耗）正確。A:它們將加速能源

生產(chǎn);B:它們可能把電傳輸?shù)郊抑?D:它們可能取代發(fā)電廠。

4.C主旨大意題。本題題干意為:以下哪一個(gè)可以作為這篇文章的最佳標(biāo)題?文章主要講的是

綠植給我們帶來的積極影響并重點(diǎn)講了發(fā)光植物的現(xiàn)狀以及美好前景。結(jié)合文章第三段最后

一句話"Thetechnology,Stranosaid,couldonedaybeusedtolighttheroomsoreventoturntrees

intoself-poweredstreetlamps.（Strano說,這項(xiàng)技術(shù)有一天可以用來照亮房間,或者甚至把樹木變

成自供電的路燈。）”可知C項(xiàng)（CoUIdgIOWingPlantSrePIaCeIamps?）契合文章的核心內(nèi)容。A:我

們可以種植更多的發(fā)光植物嗎?B:我們?nèi)绾闻c發(fā)光植物共同生活?D:如何讓發(fā)光植物無污染？

長難句

原句Inanother,employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductivewhentheirworkplaceswere

decoratedwithhouseplants.

分析本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句,主句是"employeeswereshowntobe15%moreproductive,?when

引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。

譯文在另一項(xiàng)研究中,當(dāng)員工的工作場所被室內(nèi)植物裝飾時(shí),他們的工作效率顯示了15%的提

局I0

B

◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,主題語境是人與社會(huì),主題語境內(nèi)容為科技發(fā)展。文章介紹了

GeOrgiaTeCh的研究者們想出了一種低成本的裝置——智能鍵盤,來保護(hù)私人的電子空間,并希

望這種設(shè)備能盡快進(jìn)入市場,服務(wù)消費(fèi)者。本文側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的創(chuàng)新能力。

5.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:研究者們?yōu)槭裁囱邪l(fā)智能鍵盤?根據(jù)文章第一段可知,現(xiàn)在一

些阻止別人進(jìn)入私人電子空間的技術(shù)成本仍然很高。因此,來自GeOrgiaTeCh的研究者們想出

了一種低成本的（1。W-COSt）裝置——智能鍵盤,來應(yīng)對這個(gè)問題。所以答案為D項(xiàng):減少電子空

間保護(hù)的成本。A:減輕對按鍵的壓力;B:提升打字的精確度;C:取代密碼系統(tǒng)。

6.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:什么使智能鍵盤這項(xiàng)發(fā)明成為可能?根據(jù)第二段第四句

“ThesepatternsareuniquetoeachPerSOn.”可知,因?yàn)槊總€(gè)人的打字模式各不相同,所