生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理-Training

24三月2024生產(chǎn)與運(yùn)作管理-TrainingOutlineWhatisProd.&OperationsManagement(POM)?DefinitionofOMOMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EMTheHeritageofOMWhatOperationsManagersdo?ExcitingNewTrendsinOMResearchMethodsAcademicSocietiesOMRelatedJournals2WhatisOperationsManagement?運(yùn)作管理就是對(duì)公司（或組織）的提供主要產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)的系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、運(yùn)行、評(píng)價(jià)和改進(jìn)。OMisthesetofactivitiesthatcreatesgoodsandservicesbytransforminginputsintooutputs.OMisthebusinessfunctionthatmanagesthatpartofabusinessthattransformsrawmaterialsandhumaninputsintogoodsandservicesofhighervalue.(narrowview)3市場(chǎng)企業(yè)戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作戰(zhàn)略財(cái)務(wù)戰(zhàn)略營(yíng)銷戰(zhàn)略運(yùn)作管理人力工廠部件工藝計(jì)劃與控制系統(tǒng)輸入原料顧客輸出產(chǎn)品服務(wù)生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)(5P)OM概要模型其他名稱：運(yùn)作管理生產(chǎn)管理；運(yùn)營(yíng)管理工業(yè)管理；工廠管理4OMvs.OR/MSvs.SS/SEvs.IE/EM運(yùn)作管理是管理的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域（管理職能）OR/MS是各領(lǐng)域在制定決策時(shí)都可能遇到的定量方法SS/SE強(qiáng)調(diào)的是系統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)、系統(tǒng)方法IE/EM主要關(guān)注如何更好地利用企業(yè)的資源，解決工程問題（如工業(yè)自動(dòng)化等）OMOR/MSSS/SEIE/EM5TheHeritageofOM1776-1880:早期概念專業(yè)化；標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化零部件1880-1910：科學(xué)管理時(shí)代Gantt圖；動(dòng)作/時(shí)間研究；過程分析；排隊(duì)論1910-1980：大批量生產(chǎn)時(shí)代流水線；經(jīng)濟(jì)批量；線性規(guī)劃；PERT/CPM；MRP1980-1995：精益生產(chǎn)時(shí)代JIT；TQM；EDI；CAD/CAM/CAPP1995-：大批量、顧客化生產(chǎn)時(shí)代全球化；信息化（INTERNET；E-Commerce)敏捷制造；BPR；ERP；主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的組織供應(yīng)鏈管理（SCM）；物流(Logistics)成本質(zhì)量顧客作為學(xué)科，OM誕生于50年代末60年代初6GoodsandservicesdesignWhatproductshouldweoffer?Howshouldwedesigntheseproductsandservices?ManagingqualityWhoisresponsibleforquality?Howdowedefinethequalitywewantinourserviceorproduct?ProcessandcapacitydesignWhatprocesswilltheseproductsrequireandinwhatorder?Whatequipmentandtechnologyisnecessaryfortheseprocesses?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)7LocationstrategiesWhereshouldweputthefacility?Onwhatcriteriashouldwebasthelocationdecision?LayoutdesignHowshouldwearrangethefacility?Howlargemustthefacilitybetomeetourplan?HumanresourcesandjobdesignHowdoweprovideareasonableworkenvironment?Howmuchcanweexpectouremployeestoproduce?SupplychainmanagementShouldwebuyorproducethecomponent?Whoareoursuppliersandwhocanintegrateintooure-commerceprogram?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)8InventorycontrolHowmuchinventoryofeachitemshouldwehave?Whendowereorder?Intermediate,short-term,andprojectschedulingIssubcontractingproductionagoodidea?Arewebetteroffkeepingpeopleonthepayrollduringslowdowns?MaintenanceWhoisresponsibleformaintenance?WhatOperationsManagersdo?

(Top10ResearchDirections)9ExcitingNewTrendsinOMLocalornationalfocusGlobalfocus,internationalOMBatch(large)shipmentsJust-in-timeshipmentsLow-bidpurchasingSupplychainpartners,ERP,e-CommerceLengthyproductdevelopmentRapidproductdevelopment,alliancesStandardizedproductsMasscustomizationJobspecializationEmpoweredemployees,teams,andleanproduction10ImportantResearchField

-ServiceOperationsManagementIntangibleProducedandconsumedsimultaneouslyUniqueHighcustomerinteractionInconsistentproductdefinitionKnowledge-basedDispersedDifficulttoautomateDifficulttomeasurequality…….11StrategicTacticOperationalLevelsofDecisionQualitativeQuantitativeResearchMethods12ResearchMethodsEmpiricalCasestudySurveyPanelstudyDatabaseTheoreticmodelsDeterministicmodelsUncertaintymodelsSimulationExpertsystem(knowledgemodel)SimulationMotivationandObjectiveExperimentdesignIndependentvariablesDependentvariablesSimulationrunDataanalysisFindingsInsights13建立OR/MS理論模型的一般步驟模型準(zhǔn)備模型假設(shè)模型構(gòu)成模型求解模型分析模型檢驗(yàn)?zāi)Ｐ蛻?yīng)用Motivation,Formulation,Solution,Validation14DedicatedINFORMS(AmeagerofORSAandTIMS)Inparticular,MSOM(ManufacturingandServiceOM)POM(ProductionandOperationsManagementSociety)EUROMA(EuropeanOperationsManagementAssociation)RelatedAcademyofManagementDSI(DecisionSciencesInstitute)APICS(AmericanProductionandInventoryControlSociety)IIE(InstituteofIndustrialEngineering)EURO(EuropeanOperationalResearchSociety)……AcademicSocieties15EstablishedMarch1999,NewestwithinINFORMSMembership:950,LargestwithinINFORMSSocietyWebpage:ThemethodswhichMSOMmembersapplyinordertohelptheoperationsfunctionaddvaluetoproductsandservicesarederivedfromawiderangeofscientificfields,includingoperationsresearchandmanagementscience,mathematics,economics,statistics,informationsystemsandartificialintelligence.ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagementSociety16SourceofReferencesTopjournal:

OperationsResearch(OR);ManagementScience(MS)Quasi-Topjournal:

ManufacturingandServiceOperationsManagement(MSOM) IIETransactions(IIET) NavalResearchLogistics(NRL) MathematicsofOperationsResearch(MOR) Journalofoperationsmanagement(JOM)OperationsResearchLetters(ORL)Majorjournal:

EuropeanJournalofOperationalResearch(EJOR)ProductionandOperationsManagement(POM) InternationalJournalofProductionResearch(IJPR) InternationalJournalofProductionEconomics(IJPE) JournaloftheOperationalResearchSociety(JORS) COR(Computers&OR);CIE(Computers&IE)ProductionPlanandControl(PPC)…17OMRelatedJournalsJOM(J.ofOM)IJOPM(Int.J.Op.Prod.Mgmt.)POM(Prod.&OM)IJPR(Int.J.ofProd.Research)IJPE(In