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計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)原理(英文版)課件Chapter1-下

創(chuàng)作者：時(shí)間：2024年X月目錄第1章IntroductiontoComputerNetworks第2章NetworkModels第3章PhysicalLayer第4章DataLinkLayer第5章NetworkLayer第6章TransportLayer第7章ApplicationLayer第8章NetworkSecurity第9章ConclusionandFuturePerspectives01第1章IntroductiontoComputerNetworks

ExplainstheconceptofcomputernetworksDefinitionofcomputernetworks0103IntroducesdifferentcategoriesofcomputernetworksTypesofcomputernetworks02DiscussestheadvantagesofusingcomputernetworksBenefitsofcomputernetworksEvolutionofnetworkingtechnologiesTransitionfromdial-uptobroadbandDevelopmentofwirelessnetworkingMilestonesinthehistoryofcomputernetworksLaunchoftheWorldWideWebin1991IntroductionofIPv6in1998

HistoryofComputerNetworksEarlydevelopmentsinnetworkingInventionofARPANETin1969IntroductionofEthernetin1973ImportanceofComputerNetworksEnhancesconnectivityandteamworkCommunicationandcollaborationAllowsforefficientutilizationofresourcesResourcesharingFacilitateseasyaccesstodataandknowledgeInformationaccess

ComponentsofaComputerNetworkAcomputernetworkconsistsofnodes,whicharethedevicesconnectedtothenetwork,linksthatfacilitatecommunicationbetweennodes,andprotocolsthatgovernthedataexchangeprocess.

ComponentsofaComputerNetworkDeviceslikecomputers,servers,androutersNodesPhysicalorwirelessconnectionsbetweennodesLinksRulesfordatatransmissionandcommunicationProtocols

02第2章NetworkModels

OSIReferenceModelTheOSIReferenceModelconsistsofsevenlayers,eachwithspecificfunctions.ExamplesofprotocolsateachlayerincludeHTTPattheapplicationlayer,TCPatthetransportlayer,andEthernetatthedatalinklayer.

ProtocolssuchasHTTPandSMTPApplicationLayer0103IPprotocolInternetLayer02TCPandUDPprotocolsTransportLayerExamplesFrameRelay+ATMEthernet+WiFiAdvantagesFlexibilityindesignOptimizedperformanceDisadvantagesComplexityinimplementationHighercostHybridModelsIntroductionHybridmodelscombineelementsfromdifferentnetworkmodelstosuitspecificneeds.NetworkStandardizationEnsuresinteroperabilityandcompatibilityImportanceIEEE,IETF,ITUOrganizationsPromotesinnovation,enhancesreliabilityBenefits

ConclusionUnderstandingnetworkmodelsandstandardizationiscrucialforbuildingandmaintainingefficientcommunicationnetworks.Byfollowingstandardprotocolsandmodels,organizationscanensureseamlessconnectivityandreliableoperation.03第3章PhysicalLayer

IntroductiontoPhysicalLayerThephysicallayerofacomputernetworkisresponsibleforthetransmissionofrawdatabitsoveraphysicalmedium.Itperformsfunctionssuchassignalencoding,modulation,andmultiplexingtoensurereliabledatatransmission.

TransmissionMediaCopper,fiber,wirelessTypesoftransmissionmediaBandwidth,distance,costCharacteristicsofeachtypeSpeedrequirements,environment,budgetFactorsinfluencingmediaselection

ConvertingdataintosignalsDefinitionofsignalencoding0103EnhancingdataintegrityImportanceofencoding02NRZ,Manchester,8B/10BTypesofsignalencodingTypesofmultiplexingtechniquesTime-division,frequency-division,wavelength-divisionApplicationsofmultiplexingEfficientuseofnetworkresourcesIncreaseindatatransmissioncapacity

MultiplexingDefinitionofmultiplexingCombiningmultiplesignalsintoasingletransmissionchannelConclusionThephysicallayerisessentialincomputernetworksasitensuresthereliableandefficienttransmissionofdata.Understandingthefunctionsofthephysicallayer,transmissionmedia,signalencoding,andmultiplexingiscrucialfornetworkengineerstodesignandmaintaineffectivecommunicationsystems.04第4章DataLinkLayer

IntroductiontoDataLinkLayerThedatalinklayeroftheOSImodelisresponsibleforprovidingerror-free,point-to-pointcommunicationbetweentwodirectlyconnectednodes.Itperformsfunctionssuchaserrordetectionandcorrection,flowcontrol,anderrorcontrolmechanisms.

MACAddressesUniqueidentifiersassignedtonetworkinterfacesforcommunicationDefinitionofMACaddressesResolvesIPaddressestoMACaddressesinalocalnetworkAddressresolutionprotocolUnicast,multicast,andbroadcastaddressingTypesofMACaddressingschemes

MethodsofframingByte-orientedframingBit-orientedframingCharacter-orientedframingImportanceofframesynchronizationEnsuringproperalignmentofdataframesforerror-freetransmission

FramingPurposeofframingSegmentingdataintoframesfortransmissionAddingheadersandtrailersforsynchronizationFrom10MbpstoGigabitEthernetandbeyondEvolutionofEthernet0103ForwardingframesbasedonMACaddressesinLANsEthernetswitchingandbridging02Preamble,destinationandsourceMACaddresses,typefield,data,andCRCEthernetframestructureConclusionThedatalinklayerplaysacrucialroleinensuringreliablecommunicationbetweendevicesonanetwork.Byimplementingerrordetection,flowcontrol,andframingtechniques,itenablestheefficienttransferofdatapacketsacrossphysicalconnections.05第5章NetworkLayer

IntroductiontoNetworkLayerThenetworklayerplaysacrucialroleinthecommunicationprocess.Itisresponsibleforroutingandforwardingdatapacketsbetweendifferentnetworks.Thisslideintroducesthefunctionsofthenetworklayer,includingaddressing,subnetting,androuting.Understandingthenetworklayerisessentialfordesigningefficientandreliablecommunicationnetworks.

IPProtocolExplainingthebasicsofIPprotocolOverviewoftheInternetProtocolDiscussingthestructureofIPv4addressesIPv4addressingHighlightingtheimprovementsinIPv6protocolIPv6featuresandadvantages

DistancevectorroutingBellman-FordalgorithmRIPprotocolLinkstateroutingOSPFprotocolIS-ISprotocolExamplesofroutingprotocolsBGPEIGRPRoutingAlgorithmsTypesofroutingalgorithmsStaticroutingDynamicroutingExplaininghowIPpacketsareroutedinanetworkIProutingprocess0103DiscussingtechniquestooptimizeroutingtablesRouteaggregationandsummarization02IllustratingthestructureandusageofroutingtablesRoutingtablesSummaryRouting,addressing,andsubnettingNetworklayerfunctionsIPv4andIPv6featuresIPprotocoloverviewDistancevectorandlinkstateroutingRoutingalgorithms

06第6章TransportLayer

IntroductiontoTransportLayerEnsuresreliabledatadeliveryFunctionsofthetransportlayerDividesdataintosmallerunitsfortransmissionSegmentationandreassemblyDetectsandcorrectserrors,regulatesdataflowErrorhandlingandflowcontrol

TCPProtocolTransmissionControlProtocol(TCP)isareliable,connection-orientedprotocolthatguaranteespacketdelivery.TheTCPheaderformatincludessourceanddestinationportnumbers,sequencenumbers,andchecksum.Thethree-wayhandshakeisusedforestablishingconnections,whileconnectionterminationinvolvesaseriesofstepstogracefullyendcommunication.

Connectionless,lightweightprotocolUserDatagramProtocolfeatures0103Real-timemultimediastreaming,DNSApplicationsofUDP02ContainssourceanddestinationportsUDPheaderstructureQoSmechanismsTrafficshapingforbandwidthallocationPacketprioritizationbasedonrequirementsTrafficshapingControlsdataflowtopreventcongestionRegulatestransmissionratesforoptimalperformancePrioritizationEnsureshigh-prioritydataistransmittedfirstReduceslatencyforcriticalapplicationsQualityofServiceImportanceofqualityofserviceEnsuresreliableandtimelydatadeliveryPrioritizescriticaltrafficConclusionInconclusion,thetransportlayerplaysacrucialroleinensuringreliabledatatransmissionincomputernetworks.TCPprovidesareliableconnection,whileUDPofferssimplicityandspeed.QualityofServicemechanismsenhanceperformanceandprioritizecriticaltraffic.Understandingtheseprotocolsandmechanismsisessentialforeffectivenetworkcommunication.07第7章ApplicationLayer

IntroductiontoApplicationLayerTheapplicationlayerofthecomputernetworkisresponsibleforprovidingnetworkservicesdirectlytoend-userapplications.Itperformsvariousfunctionslikeemailcommunication,filetransfer,andwebbrowsing.Theservicesprovidedbytheapplicationlayerincludedataexchangeandsynchronizationbetweenapplications.ExamplesofapplicationlayerprotocolsincludeHTTP,FTP,andDNS.

HTTPProtocolDefineshowmessagesareformattedandtransmittedHypertextTransferProtocolIncludeheadersandbodycontentHTTPrequestandresponsemessagesCommunicationbetweenbrowsersandserversWebserverandclientinteraction

FTPdataandcontrolconnectionsDataconnectionforfiletransferControlconnectionforcommandsFiletransfermodesinFTPASCIImodefortextfilesBinarymodefornon-textfiles

FTPProtocolFileTransferProtocolUsedfortransferringfilesoveranetworkConvertsdomainnamestoIPaddressesDomainNameSystemoverview0103IncludesA,CNAME,MXrecordsDNSrecordtypes02LocatestheIPaddressofadomainnameDNSresolutionprocessConclusionInconclusion,theapplicationlayeriscrucialinenablingcommunicationbetweendifferentapplicationsoveranetwork.UnderstandingprotocolslikeHTTP,FTP,andDNSisessentialfordevelopingandmaintainingnetworkapplications.08第8章NetworkSecurity

IntroductiontoNetworkSecurityNetworksecurityisofutmostimportanceinthedigitalage.Itsgoalsincludeprotectingdataintegrity,confidentiality,andavailability.Threatsandvulnerabilitiesinnetworkscanrangefrommalwareandphishingattackstodatabreachesanddenialofservice.Implementingeffectivesecuritymeasuresiscrucialtosafeguardingsensitiveinformation.

EncryptionTechniquesUsesasinglekeyforbothencryptionanddecryptionSymmetricencryptionInvolvesapublicandprivatekeypairAsymmetricencryptionManageskeysanddigitalcertificatesPublickeyinfrastructureVerifytheauthenticityofmessagesDigitalsignaturesExaminespacketsbasedonpredeterminedcriteriaPacketfilteringfirewall0103TracksthestateofactiveconnectionsStatefulinspectionfirewall02ActsasanintermediarybetweeninternalandexternalnetworksProxyfirewallIntrusionpreventionBlocksormitigatespotentialthreatsIDSdeploymentstrategiesHost-basedIDSNetwork-basedIDSReal-timemonitoringConstantlyevaluatesnetworktrafficbehaviorIntrusionDetectionSystemsIntrusiondetectionIdentifiesunauthorizedaccessoractivitiesConclusionNetworksecurityisacomplexfieldthatrequiresconstantvigilanceandproactivemea

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