虛擬語(yǔ)氣-公開(kāi)課-全講義

虛擬語(yǔ)氣_公開(kāi)課_全講義Thesubjunctivemood

虛擬語(yǔ)氣Part1語(yǔ)氣英語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞一般可帶有三種不同的語(yǔ)氣：陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。不同的語(yǔ)氣用動(dòng)詞的不同形式（有的還借助句法形式）來(lái)表示。虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種特殊的動(dòng)詞形式，一是用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人所說(shuō)的話(huà)不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測(cè)、懷疑等(常用在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中或讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中)；一是表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(常用在名詞性從句中)。簡(jiǎn)言之，即：不是事實(shí)或不大可能發(fā)生的事情，就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣來(lái)表述虛擬語(yǔ)氣的概念SubjectivemoodIf型Should+v型類(lèi)似if型。。。。。?；祀s條件句(各自為準(zhǔn))Were,had,should提前，省略if1.一個(gè)堅(jiān)持，兩個(gè)命令，三個(gè)建議，四個(gè)要求。2.Itis（necessary，strange…）+that…wish/asifWouldrather/ifonlyItis(high)timethat…Butfor/otherwise/without/inthatcase1.過(guò)去式2.過(guò)去完成3.could、would、might+v1.過(guò)去式2.過(guò)去完成Should（不?。?v/過(guò)去式1.Would,could,should,might+v2.would,could,should,might+havedoneinsistsuggest虛擬語(yǔ)氣的常考形式：

1.if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句

2.名詞性從句

3.固定句式

4.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬

5.可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況If引導(dǎo)的條件句a.if真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。b.if虛擬條件句表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Ifwehavechances,wecanhavefurthercooperation.IfIhaveanotherchance,IwillvisitChinaagain.if真實(shí)條件句用于陳述語(yǔ)氣,假設(shè)的情況很有可能發(fā)生,其中if是“如果”的意思if條件從句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主句will\shall+動(dòng)詞原形情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形Whatwillyoudoifitrainstomorrow?Iwillsleepathomeifitrainstomorrow.if虛擬條件句表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句②與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反①與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反③與將來(lái)事實(shí)可能相反

if虛擬條件句

if虛擬條件句主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞即：If+過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋havedoneIfYaoJiaxinhaddrivenmorecarefully,

hewouldnothavecausedthecaraccidentinMay,2009.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反IfTomhadlearnthowtoswim,hewouldnothavebeentrappedonthatislandforfouryears.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反Ifhe

hadgotupearlier

,he

couldhavecaughtthetrain.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反Iftheweatherhadbeenbetter，wecouldhavehadapicnic.Butit______allday.A.rained B.rainsC.hasrained D.israining解析：句子前半部分陳述的是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的事情，所以用了虛擬語(yǔ)氣?！跋铝艘惶斓挠辍笔鞘聦?shí)，所以用陳述語(yǔ)氣。因?yàn)槭前l(fā)生在過(guò)去的事實(shí)，所以正確答案為A。

if虛擬條件句

if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形即：If+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)IfIhadagreatdealofmoney,Iwouldbuyavilla(別墅)formyparents.

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反?IfIweretheschoolmaster,Iwouldletthestudentsgetupalittlelatertogetabettersleep.與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe______sing，Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mightnot解析：that從句為同位語(yǔ)從句，描述的是事實(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)氣。正確答案為C。

if虛擬條件句

if虛擬條件句主句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形IfImetObamasomeday,Iwouldshakehandswithhim.

IfIweretomeetObamasomeday,…IfIshouldmeetObamasomeday,…與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反IfI____plantodoanythingIwantedto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.(05湖北)

A.would B.could

C.hadto D.oughtto解析：句子描述的是與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的事情，所以正確答案為B。

if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形即：If+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞即：If+過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe_____inturn,you____sotired.(96全國(guó))

A.drove;didn’tget

B.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tget

D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

選擇答案D1.（2010高考英語(yǔ)天津卷）Johnwenttothehospitalalone.

Ifhe

meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtell B.tellsC.told D.hadtold【答案】D【解析】主從句都是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事實(shí)的一種意愿表達(dá)，從句采用havedone的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。2.（2010高考英語(yǔ)陜西卷）Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.take B.hadtakenC.took D.havetaken【答案】B【解析】主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式mighthavearrived可知題干是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反選B。3.（2010高考英語(yǔ)湖南卷）Ifhe

myadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow【答案】C4.（2010高考英語(yǔ)北京卷）--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_______.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavedied【答案】D【解析】表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故主句用would/could/might/should+havedone，即D項(xiàng)正確。注意以下問(wèn)題：1.錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬條件句2.(if省略)倒裝虛擬條件句3.含蓄條件句

通常情況下,在非真實(shí)條件句中主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所指時(shí)間是一致的,但有時(shí)也可能指不同的時(shí)間,這時(shí)要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。虛擬條件句和主句動(dòng)作如發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，主句和從句的謂語(yǔ)要根據(jù)各自所指的不同時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語(yǔ)氣形式，這種句子叫做錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句。3、錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間虛擬句（混合虛擬條件句)

if虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)1、If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式2、If+主語(yǔ)+wereto+動(dòng)詞原形3、If+主語(yǔ)+should+動(dòng)詞原形If+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形即：If+一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（be動(dòng)詞一般用were)If+主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞即：If+過(guò)去完成時(shí)態(tài)主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋havedone主語(yǔ)+would(should/might/could)＋動(dòng)詞原形錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句1）從句與過(guò)去相反，主句與現(xiàn)在相反

Ifithadrainedlastnight,itwouldbeverycooltoday.2)從句與現(xiàn)在相反，主句與過(guò)去相反

IfIwereyou,Iwouldn’thavemissedthefilmlastnight.3)從句與現(xiàn)在相反，主句與將來(lái)相反

Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinfuture.4)從句與過(guò)去相反，主句與將來(lái)相反

Iftheyhadlefthomeintheearlymorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour1).如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了我的話(huà)，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。

Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.2).如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty3).假若你不借錢(qián)給我，我不可能買(mǎi)下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.Ifhe______hislegsyesterday,he_____withusnow.A.hadn’thurt;wouldgoB.hadn’thurt;wouldhavegoneC.didn’thurt;wouldgoD.didn’thurt;wouldhavegoneItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI____love,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfailD.weretofail2.在虛擬條件句中，如果條件句中有were,had（助動(dòng)詞）或should時(shí)，可使用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，但if必須省略。若條件從句為否定句，否定詞not應(yīng)置于主語(yǔ)之后，而不能與were，should，had等縮略成weren’t，shouldn’t，hadn’t置于句首。

1).HadIseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.=IfIhadseenhimthen,Iwouldhavebeenveryhappy.2).ShouldIhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIshouldhavetime,Iwouldgowithyou.3).WereInotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=IfIwerenotsobusy,Iwouldgowithyou.補(bǔ)充例句：要不是……(固定句式)Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkyesterday.=Haditnotbeenfor…,…Ifitwerenotforlackingmoney,Iwouldgotravellingrightnow.=Wereitnotforlackingmoney,…與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反這樣的虛擬句不含有if從句，而是以but、butfor、without、or、otherwise等引導(dǎo)的句子代替if從句，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與前面虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本用法相同。Butforyouradvice,Icouldnothavedoneitsosuccessfully.要是沒(méi)有你的建議,我就不會(huì)那么成功地完成它。4、含蓄條件句虛擬條件不直言，都在上下文中聯(lián)；要不是沒(méi)有就缺乏，要不然否則就假設(shè)，butfor要不是,without沒(méi)有,intheabsenceof,缺乏……時(shí)，orelse否則，不然的話(huà)otherwise否則suppose假設(shè)providing如果，假設(shè)含蓄條件句butfor要不是,without沒(méi)有,(1)Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.（副詞）(2)Hetelephonedtotellmeofyourbirthday,or/otherwiseIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.（連詞）直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.（獨(dú)立主格）=Ifeverythinghadbeentakenintoconsideration,…(了解即可)(3)Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.（連詞）直陳語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣(5)用介詞短語(yǔ)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句．常用的介詞有with,without,butfor等。如：Whatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?Wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.Butfortherain,wewouldhavefinishedthework.=Ifyouhadamilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?=Ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp/Ifyouhadn’thelpedus,…=Ifithadn’tbeenfortherain,…虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣Hehesitatedforamomentbeforehekickedtheball,otherwisehe____agoal.A.hadscoredB.scoredC.wouldscoreD.wouldhavescoredIwasawaythatday,otherwiseI____thelecture.A.hadattendedB.wouldhaveattendedC.wouldattendD.attended

Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.A.canmanage B.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanaged D.canhavemanaged1.Ifmyfather_____herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.were;wouldwas;willhadbeen;wouldis;willExerciseA2.Ifhe__________myadvice,hewouldn’thavelosthisjob.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollowExerciseC3.IfI_____inthe22ndcentury,I________myvacationinaverydifferentway.

shouldlive;wouldspendwilllive;shouldspendareliving;shouldhavespentwillbeliving;wouldhavespentA4.________itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.WillExercisetomorrowB5.ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher,I________thefirstprizeintheEnglishwritingcompetition.A.wouldnotwin B.wouldnothavewonC.wouldwin D.wouldhavewonExerciseB6.IftheUnitedStateshadbuiltmorehomesforpoorpeoplein1955，thehousingproblemsnowinsomepartsofthiscountry________soserious.A.wouldn’tbe B.willnothavebeenC.wouldn’thavebeen D.wouldhavenotbeenExercisenowin1955A7.

They____twofreeticketstoCanada，otherwisethey’dneverhavebeenabletoaffordtogo.

hadgot

B.gotC.havegot

D.getExerciseBotherwise8.—Whydidn’tyoubuytheflat?—I____，butIdidn’thavethemoney.

wouldhave

B.boughtC.wouldliketo

D.hadboughtExerciseAbutThesubjunctivemood

虛擬語(yǔ)氣Part2

insist,order/command,suggest/advise/propose/recommend,desire/demand/require/request/askshoulddo!shoulddo!shoulddo!二.

名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣二.

名詞性從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣用在表示建議、愿望、命令等詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：suggest,propose,recommend,demand,request,require,command,order,insist,desire,urge等。一個(gè)堅(jiān)持：insist(堅(jiān)決要求)

兩個(gè)命令：order,command

三個(gè)建議：suggest,advise,propose

四個(gè)要求：demand,require,request,desire這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語(yǔ)從句要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法。即從句中的動(dòng)詞使用should+動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。

賓語(yǔ)從句我們建議Tom去休息一下。他堅(jiān)持要我與他同行。他們要求派Tom去那兒工作。老師要求作業(yè)要及時(shí)完成。Wesuggested___________________.Heinsisted_________________________.Theyrequested(that)Tom_________________________________.(that)Tomhavearest(that)I(should)gowithhim(should)besenttoworkthereTheteacherasked(that)ourhomework_________________________________.(should)befinishedintime2.這些動(dòng)詞相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞性從句也用shoulddoItissuggestedthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Thesuggestiongivenbyourteacheristhatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Theteachergiveusasuggestionthatwe(should)practisereadingEnglisheveryday.Itisordered/commanded/suggested/advised/requested/required/demanded…that…(should)doThe/one’sinsistence/order/command/suggestion/advice/proposal/recommendation/request/requirement/demand/desireis/wasthat…(should)doa/thesuggestion/request(等)that…(should)do…Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意：如suggest,insist不表示"建議"或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)"，即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。1.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody____(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewas例(2010·福建，29)Teachersrecommendparents________theirchildrenunder12toridebicyclestoschoolforsafety.A．notallowB．donotallowC．mustn'tallowD．couldn'tallow解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。recommend后的賓語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”，因此A項(xiàng)正確。答案：AIt’ssuggestedthattheplan

(should)

becarriedoutatonce.Theoldwoman’sdemandisthat

herson(should)cometoseeheronceaweek.Weareinfavoroftheadvicethatthefactory(should)becloseddown.

在“Itis/was+某些形容詞/過(guò)去分詞+that從句”句型中,that從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“(should+)動(dòng)詞原形”,表示驚奇、遺憾、懷疑、不滿(mǎn)等。這些形容詞有:important,necessary,essential,natural,strange,advisable,desirable,possible,probable,astonishing,surprising;過(guò)去分詞有:desired,suggested,requested,recommended,ordered,proposed,decided等。3、主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣It做主后有形，奇怪重要自然行

Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.Itissuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputofftillnextweek.有人建議會(huì)議應(yīng)推遲到下周。Itisstrangethathe(should)haveactedtowardshisparentslikethat.他那樣對(duì)待自己的父母很奇怪。It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.我們有必要出去散散步。It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalknow.她這樣做是很自然的。It’snaturalthatsheshoulddoso.

重要的是我們要照顧好病人。It’simportantthatweshouldtakegoodcareofthepatient.她竟然沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng),真是奇怪。Itisstrangethatsheshouldn’thavebeeninvited.注意：以下句式也可以用于陳述語(yǔ)氣。很奇怪他昨天沒(méi)來(lái)。

It'sstrangethathedidn'tcomeyesterday.很可惜你沒(méi)有跳舞。It'sapitythatyoudidn'tdance.3.wish的賓語(yǔ)從句wish的賓語(yǔ)從句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反:過(guò)去完成時(shí)與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反:would/could/might+V.原

IwishI_____(be)astallasYaoMing.wereIwish/wishedI______(havenot)eatensomuchwatermelon.hadn’tIwishit______(will)raintomorrow.Ifso,Icanstayathometohaveagoodsleep.wouldHewisheshe___________________(become)ascientistsomeday.could/wouldbecome我希望和你一樣高。IwishIwereastallasyou.

他希望他沒(méi)講那樣的話(huà)。Hewishedhehadn’tsaidthat.我希望明天下雨就好了。Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.wishtodowishsb/sthtodoIwishtoseethemanager.=Iwanttoseethemanager.Iwishthemanagertobeinformedatonce.=Iwantthemanagertobeinformedatonce.三.虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型與固定句式:wouldrather(that)

寧愿，但愿sbdid…與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)情況相反sbhaddone…與過(guò)去情況相反Iwouldratheryoureturnedmemymoneynow.

Iwouldratherwehadn’ttoldherthebadnews.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.2.asif/asthough思考：asif/asthough后面的句子是主句還是從句？Hebehavesasifhe______(own)thehouse.owned1).從句的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生(可以理解成與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反)Hebehavesasifhe______(be)theownerofthehouse.wereShetalkedaboutRomeasthoughshe__________(be)thereherself.hadbeen2).從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前(可以理解成與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)Hecoughed(咳嗽)twiceasifsomeonewouldcome.

他咳嗽?xún)陕暰秃孟裼腥艘獊?lái)了。3).從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后(可以理解成與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反)Shelovesthebabyasifit_____herownson.Itseemsasifit_______spring.Irememberthewholethingasifit_____________yesterday.Theytalkedasifthey____________friendsforyears.Helooksasifhe_______drunk.werewere

hadhappened

hadbeenwere在look,seem等系動(dòng)詞后的“asif/though”引導(dǎo)的從句,當(dāng)表示真實(shí)情況時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣;否則就用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Itseemsasifitwerealreadyspring.好像已經(jīng)是春天了。(虛擬語(yǔ)氣)Itseemsasiftheyknoweachother.他們好像彼此認(rèn)識(shí)。(真實(shí)情況)3.Itis(high/about)time

(that)“是時(shí)候…...(做某事)”

注意:should不能省略．

sbdidsbshoulddo是時(shí)候采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境了。Itis(high/about)timethatwetook/shouldtakemeasurestoprotecttheenvironment.你該走了。It’s(high/about)timethatyouwent/shouldgo.例It'shightimethegovernment____measurestohelpthegraduates.A．takes B．tookC．willtake D．hastaken解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。句式Itbe(about/high)time接從句時(shí)，從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。答案：B4.在表達(dá)驚異、惋惜、遺憾、理應(yīng)如此等意義的固定句式中常使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣

It’snecessary/strange/natural(自然的,理應(yīng)如此的)/important…+thatsb(should)do1).Itisimportantthatwe________________(master)aforeignlanguage.2).真奇怪，她竟然拒絕來(lái)參加party。

It’s_______thatshe_______________tocometotheparty.3).鳥(niǎo)在樹(shù)上安歇/休息是很自然的。

Itis______thatabird_______________intrees.(should)master(should)refusestrangenatural(should)rest3、Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句（要是．．．該有多好啊)

IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!要是我是一只飛鳥(niǎo)多好！LookatthetroubleIamin.IfonlyIhadfollowedyouradvice!看看現(xiàn)在我的困境，要是我接受你的建議就好了IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反:一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反:過(guò)去完成時(shí)Ifonly例(2010·東北三校聯(lián)考)—Whydoyoulooksoupset?—Ibrokeupwithmygirlfriend.IfonlyI________moreabouther.A．care B．caredC．hadcared D．hadbeencared解析：考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。ifonly表示“要是……就好了”，后面的句子要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用haddone的形式。答案：C5.evenif(eventhough)即使,盡管

Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.EvenifIhadbeenbusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.6、incase,forfearthat,lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣

在incase,forfearthat,lest等引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”的形式,也可用動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在式或一般過(guò)去式。Hehandledtheinstrumentwithcareforfearthatitshouldbedamaged.

他小心地拿著儀器,生怕把它摔碎了?？偨Y(jié)

wish,wouldrather,asif/asthough,ifonly表虛擬時(shí)的共同點(diǎn)是：時(shí)態(tài)往后退一步，同if虛擬條件句四.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示虛擬

1.本想/打算做某事卻沒(méi)做

2.本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒(méi)做

3.本不該做某事卻做了

4.本能夠做某事卻沒(méi)做

5.寧愿過(guò)去做了某事卻沒(méi)做

6.最好過(guò)去做了某事卻沒(méi)做

7.本不必做某事卻做了

wouldhavedoneshould/oughttohavedoneshouldn’t/oughtn’ttohavedonecouldhavedonewouldratherhavedonehadbetterhavedoneneedn’thavedone

musthavedonemighthavedonecan’t/couldn’thavedone過(guò)去肯定發(fā)生了…過(guò)去可能發(fā)生了…過(guò)去不可能發(fā)生…1.insist,suggest2.asif/though3.if五.可用可不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的情況insist/suggest各有兩種意思，用不同的語(yǔ)氣insist:“堅(jiān)決/持要求”用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即shoulddo;insist:“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”用陳述語(yǔ)氣suggest:“建議”用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即shoulddo;suggest:“表明、暗示”用陳述語(yǔ)氣1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________(practise)moreafterclass.2.Herpalefacesuggeststhatshe_____(be)illtoday.3.Heinsistedthatallofus___________(get)thereontimebyanymeans.4.Heinsistedthathe_____________(notsteal)thediamond,andthatheshouldbesetfree.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他沒(méi)偷鉆石，應(yīng)該立刻被釋放。(should)practiseis(should)gethadn’tstolen

asif/asthoughWhen

a

pencil

is

partly

in

a

glass

of

water,it

looks

as

if

itwerebroken.Thedarkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.If引導(dǎo)的條件句a.if真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。b.if虛擬條件句表示條件是虛擬的或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。Exercise判斷是否虛擬2.判斷虛擬類(lèi)型3.判斷虛擬時(shí)間Pass!虛擬語(yǔ)氣應(yīng)試對(duì)策A

C

C

B

A

B

B

B

C

A

返回Choosethebestanswer:Itisstrangethatthelittleboy_____speaktwoforeignlanguages.A.could b.can C.should D.would2.Hegaveordersthattheexperiment____before5:30pm.A.befinishedB.willfinishC.mustbefinished3.He_____youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,mighthavegivenB.mightgive C.mayhavegiven4.WithouttheleadershipoftheParty,there____noNewChina.A.wouldbe B.hasbeen C.shouldbe D.wasCAAA5.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe_____there.hadbeen

B.hasbeen

C.was

D.hasgone6.Theyoungmaninsistedthathe_____nothingwrongand_____free.A.did;set

B.haddone;shouldbeset

C.shoulddo;beset

D.haddone;mustbeset7.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you_____allrightnow.are

B.were

C.wouldbe

D.wouldhavebeen8.You_____comeearlier.Thebusleftamomentago.

A.would

B.shouldhave

C.may

D.haveBBcA1.（2010高考英語(yǔ)江蘇卷）Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butI’dratherhe_______moreonitsculture.A.focus B.focusedC.wouldfocus D.hadfocused【答案】B【解析】本題考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法。wouldrather后應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間相反，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。2.（2010高考英語(yǔ)上海卷）---Sorry,ProfessorSmith.Ididn'tfinishtheassignmentyesterday.---Oh,you

havedoneitasyesterdaywasthedeadline.A.must B.mustn'tC.should D.shouldn't【答案】C【解析】本題考查的是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此處表示和過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，應(yīng)該用should+have+過(guò)去分詞。本來(lái)應(yīng)該做，而未做。3.（2010高考英語(yǔ)浙江卷）HadIknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy

. A．wouldhavebeensaved B．hadbeensaved

C．willbesaved

D．wassaved【答案】A【解析】原形是：IfIhadknownaboutthiscomputerprogram,ahugeamountoftimeandenergy

.故選擇A。4.（2010高考英語(yǔ)天津卷）Johnwenttothehospitalalone.

Ifhe

meaboutit,Iwouldhavegonewithhim.A.shouldtellB.tellsC.toldD.hadtold【答案】D【解析】主從句都是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生事實(shí)的一種意愿表達(dá)，從句采用havedone的結(jié)構(gòu)，故選D。5.（2010高考英語(yǔ)陜西卷）Ifwe___theotherroad,wemighthavearrivedhereintimeforthemeeting.A.takeB.hadtakenC.tookD.havetaken【答案】B【解析】主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式mighthavearrived可知題干是與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反選B。6.（2010高考英語(yǔ)湖南卷）Ifhe

myadvice,hewouldn'thavelosthisjob.A.followed B.shouldfollow C.hadfollowed D.wouldfollow【答案】C7.（2010高考英語(yǔ)北京卷）--Theweatherhasbeenveryhotanddry.--Yes.Ifithadrainedevenadrop,thingswouldbemuchbetternow!Andmyvegetables_______.A.wouldn'tdieB.didn'tdieC.hadn'tdiedD.wouldn'thavedied【答案】D【解析】表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故主句用would/could/might/should+havedone，即D項(xiàng)正確。1.(2011北京)MaybeifI

science,andnotliteraturethen,I

wouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelp.A.studiedB.wouldstudyC.hadstudiedD.wasstudying【答案與解析】C句意:如果我當(dāng)時(shí)學(xué)的理科而不是文科,那么我

現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。根據(jù)then一詞可以確定此處表示與

過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,if引導(dǎo)的從句用had+過(guò)去分詞。2.(2011陜西)I

throughthatbitterperiodwithoutyourgen-

eroushelp.A.couldn’thavegoneB.didn’tgoC.wouldn’tgoD.hadn’tgone【答案與解析】A句意:如果沒(méi)有你的慷慨相助的話(huà),我不可能熬

過(guò)那段艱苦的日子。withoutyourgeneroushelp相當(dāng)于含蓄條件句if

ithadn

tbeenforyourgeneroushelp,此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,所以

主句部分應(yīng)采用couldn

thavedone結(jié)構(gòu),表示“本不可能”。3.(2011福建)—Pityyoumissedthelectureonnuclearpollution.—I

it,butIwasbusypreparingforajobinterview.A.attended B.hadattendedC.wouldattend D.wouldhaveattended【答案與解析】D句意:“很可惜,你錯(cuò)過(guò)了這次有關(guān)核污染的演

講?！薄拔冶緛?lái)要參加,但忙于準(zhǔn)備工作面試。”根據(jù)but后面的內(nèi)

容可知,設(shè)空處為與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,用wouldhavedone。4.(2011北京)—Wherearethechildren?Thedinnersgoingtobecompletelyruined.—Iwishthey

alwayslate.A.weren’tB.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbeD.wouldn’thavebeen【答案與解析】A句意:“孩子們都到哪里去了?這頓飯就要被他

們徹底破壞了?！薄拔蚁Ｍ麄儾灰偸沁t到?！北绢}考查虛擬

語(yǔ)氣。wish后跟that從句采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的用一般過(guò)

去時(shí),與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。本題表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,所以用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。5.(2011江西)We

Johnsnameontheracelistyesterdaybut

forhisrecentinjury.A.willputB.willhaveputC.wouldputD.wouldhaveput【答案與解析】D句意:要不是John最近受了傷,我們昨天就把他

的名字加到比賽名單上了。根據(jù)題干所提供的信息可知,設(shè)空處為

與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“would/should/could/

might+have+過(guò)去分詞”?！?012江西卷】22．We

haveboughtsomuchfoodnowthatSuziewon’tbewithusfordinner.A．maynot B．needn’t C．can’t D．mustn’t答案：B考點(diǎn)：考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法解析：maynot不可以，needn’t不需要，can't不可能，mustn't絕不可能本句句意為：既然Suzie不和我們一起吃晚飯，所以我們就不需要買(mǎi)這么多食物。【2012重慶卷】25.-____youinterruptnow?Can’tyouseeI’monthephone?-SorrySir,butit’surgent.A.CanB.ShouldC.MustD.Would【考點(diǎn)】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法【答案】C【解析】句意：“——你現(xiàn)在一定要打斷我嗎？難道你不能看到我在打嗎？——對(duì)不起，先生，事情很急?！备鶕?jù)語(yǔ)境結(jié)合選項(xiàng)的詞義，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。因此，正確答案為C選項(xiàng)?！倦y度】一般【2012四川卷】9.IgotcloseenoughtohearthemspeakingChinese,andIsaid“NiHao”justasI____doinChina.A.mustB.might