大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解試題及答案一

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀理解試題及答案（一）

Therearethreekindsofgoals:short-term,medium-rangeandlong-termgoals.

Short-rangegoalsarethosethatusuallydealwithcurrentactivities,whichwecan

applyonadailybasis.Suchgoalscanbeachievedinaweekorless,ortwoweeks,or

possiblemonths.ltshouldberememberedthatjustasabuildingisnostrongerthanits

foundation,outlong-termgoalscannotamounttoverymunchwithoutthe

achievementofsolidshort-termgoals.Uponcompletingourshort-termgoals,we

shoulddatetheoccasionandthenaddnewshort-termgoalsthatwillbuildonthose

thathavebeencompleted.

Theintermediategoalsbukldonthefoundationoftheshort-rangegoals.They

mightdealwithjustonetermofschoolortheentireschoolyear,ortheycouldeven

extendforseveralyears.Anytimeyoumoveastepatatime,youshouldneverallow

yourselftobecomediscouragedoroverwhelmed.Asyoucompleteeachstep,youwill

enforcethebeliefinyourabilitytogrowadnsucceed.Andasyourlistofcompletion

datesgrow,yourmotivationanddesirewillincrease.

Long-rangegoalsmayberelatedtoourdreamsofthefuture.Theymightcover

fiveyearsormore.Lifeisnotastaticthing.Weshouldneverallowalong-termgoalto

limitusorourcourseofaction.

l.Ourlong-termgoalsmeanalot—.

a.ifwecompleteourshort-rangegoals

b.ifwecannotreachsolidshort-termgoals

c.ifwewritedownthedates

d.ifweputforwardsomeplans

2.Newshort-termgoalsarebulidupon—.

a.twoyears

b.long-termgoals

c.currentactivities

d.thegoalsthathavebeencompleted

3.Whenwecompleteeachstepofourgoals,—.

a.wewillwinfinalsuccess

b.weareoverwhelmed

c.weshouldbuildupconfidenceofsuccess

d.weshouldstrongdesireforsettingnewgoals

4.0nceourgoalsaredrawnup,—.

a.weshouldsticktothemuntilwecompletethem

b.wemaychangeourgoalsaswehavenewideasandopportunities

c.wehadbetterwaitfortheexcitingnewsofsuccess

d.wehavemadegreatdecision

5.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat___.

a.thosewhohabelong-termgoalswillsucceed

b.writingdownthedatesmaydiscourageyou

c.thegoalisonlyaguideforustoreachourdesination

d.everyshouldhaveagoal

答案：adcbc

TheeconomyoftheUnitedstatesafter1952wastheeconnomyofa

well-fed,almostfullyemployedpeople.Despitoccasionalalarms,thecountryescaped

anypostwardepressionandlivedinastateofboom.Aneconomicsurveyoftheyear

1955,atypicalyearofthe1950's,maybetypicalasillustratingtherapideconomic

growthofthedecade.Thenationaloutputwasvalueat10percentabovethatof1954

(1955outputwasestimatedat392billiondollars).Theproductionofmanufacturers

wasabout40percentmorethanithadaveragedintheyearsimmediatelyfollowing

WorldWar2.Thecountry'sbusinessspentabout30billiondollarsfornewfactories

andmachinery.Nationalincomeavailableforspendingwasalmostathirdgreater

thanithadbeenithadbeenin1950.Consumersspentabout256billiondollars;that

isabout700milliondollarsaday,orabouttwenty-fivemilliondollarseveryhour,all

roundtheclock.Sixty-fivemillionpeopleheldjobsandonlyalittlemorethantwo

millionwantedjobsbutcouldnotfindthem.Onlyagriculturecomplainedthatitwas

notsharingintheroom.Tosomeobserversthiswasanominousechoofthe

mid-1920's.Asfarmer9sshreoftheirproductsdeclined,marketingcostsrose.But

therewere,amongtheobserversofthenationaleconomy,afewwhowerenotas

confidentasthemajority.Thosefewseemedtofearthattheboomcouldnotlastand

wouldeventuallyleadtotheoppsite-depression.

1.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?

a.TheAgriculaturalTrendsof1950's

b.TheUnemploymentRateof1950's

c.U.S.Economyinthe50's

d.TheFederalBudgetof1952

2.InLine4,theword"boom”couldbestbereplacedby.

a.nearbyexplosion

b.thunderousnoise

c.generalpublicsupport

d.rapideconomicgrowth

3.ItcanbeinferredthenationalfromthepassagethatmostpeopleintheUnited

Statesin1955viewedthenationaleconomywithanairof.

a.confidence

b.confusion

c.disappointment

d.suspicion

4.WhichofthefollowingwereLEASTsatisfiedwiththenationaleconomyin

the1950's?

a.Economists

b.Frmaers

c.Politicians

d.Steelworkers

5.ThepassagestatesthatincomavailableforspendingintheU.S.wasgreaterin

1955thanin1950.Howmuchwasit?

a.60%

b.50%

c.33%

d.90%

答案：cdabc

Womenarealsounderrepresentedintheadministrationandthisisbecausethere

aresofewwomenfullprofessors.In1985,RegentBerylMilburnproducedareport

blastingtheUniversityofTexasSystemadminitrationfornotencouraging

women.TheUniversitywasratedamongthelowestforthesystem.Ina1987

update,Milbumcommendedtheprogressthatwasmadeandcalledforevenmore

improvement.

OneofthepositiveresultsfromherstudywasaSystem-wideprogramtoinform

womenofavailableadministrativejobs.

CollegeofCommunicationAssociateDeanPatricaWitherspoon,saiditis

importantthatwomanbeflexiblewhenitcomestorelocatingiftheywanttorisein

theranks.

Althoughawomanmayfaceachillyclimateoncampus,manytimesinorder

forhertosucceed,shemustriseabovetheproblemsaroundherandconcentrateon

herwork.

Untilwomenmakeupagreaterpercentageoftheseniorpositionsinthe

Universityandallacademia,inequitieswillexist.

"Womenneedtospendtheirenergiesandtimedoingscholarlyactivitiesthatare

importanthereattheUniversity."Spirdusosaid."Iftheydothatwillbesuccessfulin

thissystem.Iftheyspendtheirtimeinlittlegroupsmourningthesexualdiscrimination

thattheythinkexistshere,theyarewastingvaluablestudytime."

1.AccordingtoSpirduso,womenneedto.

duceareportonsexualdiscrimination

b.callforfurtherimprovementintheirworkingconditions

c.spendtheirenergiesandtimefightingagainstsexualdiscrimination

d.spendmoretimeandenergydoingscholarlyactivities

2.Fromthispassage,weknowthat.

a.therearemanywomenfullprofessorsintheUniversityofTexas

b.womenplayanimportantpartinadminitratingtheUniversity

c.theweatheronthecampusischilly

d.womenmakeupasmallpercentageoftheseniorpositionsintheUniversity

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

a.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wasgreaterthan

thatof1985

b.thenumberofwomenprofessorsintheUniversityin1987wassmallerthan

thatof1985

c.thenumberofwomenprofessorswasthesameasthatof1985

d.moreandmorewomenprofessorsthoughtthatsexualdiscriminationdidexitin

theUniversity

4.0neofthepositiveresultsfromMilburn'sstudywasthat.

a.womenweretoldtoconcentrateonteirwork

b.womenweregiveninformationaboutavailableadministrativejobs

c.womenwereencouragedtotakeonalltheadministrativejobsintheUnversity

d.womenwereencouragedtodomorescholarlyactivities

5.Thetitleforthispassageshouldbe.

a.TheUniversityofTexas

b.Milbum'sReport

c.WomenProfessors

d.SexualDiscriminationinAcademia

答案：ddabd

四

Today,asineveryotherdayoftheyear,morethan3000U.S.adlescentswill

smoketheirfirstcigaretteontheirwaytobecomingregularsmokersasadults.During

theirlifetime,itcanbeexpectedthatofthese3000about23willbemurdered,30will

dieintrafficaccidents,andnearly750willbekilledbyasmoking-relateddisease.

Thenumberofdeathsattributedtocigarettesmokingoutweithtsallotherfactors,

whethervoluntaryorinvoluntary,asacauseofdeath.

Sincethelate1970s,whendailysmokingamonghighschoolseniorsreached30

precent,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclined.Whilethedeclineis

impressive,severalimportantissuesmustberaised.

First,inthepastseveralyears,smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedvery

little.Second,inthelate1970s,smokingamongmalehighschoolseniorsexceeded

thatamongfemalebynearly10percent.Thestatisticisreversing.Third,several

recentstudieshaveindicatehighschooldropoutshaveexcessivelyhighsmokingrates,

asmuchas75percent.

Finally,thouthsignificantdeclinesinadolescentsmokinghaveoccurredinthe

pastdecade,nodefinitereasonsforthedeclineexist.Withinthiscontext,theNaional

CancerInstiute(NCI)beganitscurrentefforttodeterminethemosteffecivemeasures

toreducesmokingleveslamongyouth.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thedeathsamongyoutharemainlycausedby.

a.trafficaccidents

b.smoking-relateddesease

c.murder

d.allofthese

2.Everydaythereareoverhighschoolstrdentswhowillbecomeregular

smoker.

a.75b.23c.30d.3000

3.By"dropout"theauthormeans.

a.studentswhofailedtheexamination

b.studentswholeftschool

c.studentswholosttheirway

d.studentswhoweredrivenoutofschool

4.Thereasonfordecliningadolescentsmokingisthat.

a.NCIhastakeneffectivemeasures

b.smokingispreventedamonghighschoolseniors

c.therearemanysmokerswhohavediedofcancer

d.noneofthese

5.Whatisimpliedbutnotstatedbytheauthoristhat.

a.smokingratesamongyouthhavedeclinedverylittle

b.therearenowmorefemalethanmalesmokersamonghighschoolseniors

c.highsmokingratesareduetotheinceaseinwealth

d.smokingathighschoolarefromlowsocio-economicbackgrounds

答案：bdbdb

五

Thefoodweeatseemstohaveprofoundeffectsonourhealth.Althoughscience

hasmadeenormousstepsinmakingfoodmorefittoeat,ithas,atthesametime,made

manyfoodsunfittoeat.Someresearchhasshownthatperhapseightypercentofall

humanillnessesarerelatedtodietandfortypercentofcancerisrelatedtothedietas

well,especiallycancerofthecolon.Differentculturesaremorelikelytocausecertain

differentillnessesbecauseofthefoodthatischaracteristicinthesecultures.Thatfood

isrelatedtoillnessisntoanewdiscovery.In1945,about35yearsago,government

researchersrealizedthatnitrates,commonlyusedtopreservecolorinmeats,andother

foodadditivies,causedcancer.Yet,thesecarcinogenicadditivesremaininourfood,

anditbecomesmoredifficultallthetimetoknowwhichthingsonthepackaging

labelsofprocessedfoodarehelpfulorharmful.Theadditiveswhichweeatarenotall

sodirect.Farmersoftengivepenicillintobeefandlivinganimals,andbecauseof

this,penicillinhasbeenfoundinthemilkoftreatedcow.Sometimessimilardrugsare

giventoanimalsnotformedicalpurposes,butforfinancialreasons.Thefarmersare

simplytryingtofattentheanimalsinordertoobtainahigherpriceonthemarket.

AlthoughtheFoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)hastriedrepeatedlytocontrol

theseprocedures,thepracticescontinue.

l.Whatisthebestpossibletitleofthepassage?

a.DrugandFood

b.CancerandHealth

c.FoodandHealth

d.HealthandDrug

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTture?

a.Drugsarealwaysgiventoanimalsformedicalreasons

b.Someoftheadditivesinourfoodareaddedtothefooditselfandsomeare

giventothelivinganimals

c.Researchershaveknownaboutthepotentialdangersoffoodadditivesforover

thirty-fiveyears.

d.Foodmaycausefortypercentofcancerinworld.

3.Howhassciencedonesomethingharmfultomankind?

a.Becauseofscience,diseasescausedbypollutedfoodhavenbeenvirtually

eliminated.

b.Ithascausedalackofinformationconcerningthevalueoffood.

c.Becauseoftheapplicationofscience,somepotentiallyharmfulsubstanceshave

beenaddedtofood.

d.Thescientistshavepreservedthecolorofmeats,butnotofvegetables.

4.Whatarenitratesusedfor?

a.Theypreserveflavorinpackagedfoods.

b.Theypreservethecolorofmeats.

c.Theyaretheobjectsofresearch.

d.Theycausetheanimalstobecomefatter.

5.Theword'carcinogenic1mostnearlymeans'\

a.trouble-making

b.color-retaining

c.money-making

d.cancer-causing

答案：cacbd

Whatisyourfavouritecolour?Doyoulikeyellow,orange,red?Ifyoudo,you

mustbeanoptimist,aleader,anactivepersonwhoenjoyslife,peopleandexcitement.

Doyouprefergreysandblues?Thenyouareprobablyquiet,shy,andyouwould

ratherfollowthanlead.Youtendtobeapessimist.Atleast,thisiswhatpsychologists

tellus,andtheyshouldknow,becausetheyhavebeenseriouslystudyingthemeaning

ofcolourspreference,aswellastheeffectthatcolourshaveonhumanbeings.They

tellsus,amongotherfacts,thatwedonotchooseourfavouriteclouraswegrow

up——wearebornwithourpreference.Ifyouhappentolovebrown,youdidso,as

soonasyouopenedyoureyes,oratleastassoonasyoucouldseeclearly.

Coloursdoinfluenceourmoods——thereisnodoubtaboutit.Ayellowroom

makesmostpeoplefeelmorecheerfulandmorerelaxedthanadarkgreenone;anda

reddressbringswarmthandcheertothesaddestwinterday.Ontheotherhand,black

isdepressing.AblackbridgeovertheThamesRiver,nearLondon,usedtobethe

sceneofmoresuicidesthananyotherbridgeinthearea——untilitwasrepainter

green.Thenumberofsuicideattemptsimmediatelyfellsharply;perhapsitwouldhave

fallenevenmoreifthebridgehadbeendoneinpinkorbabyblue.

Lightandbrightcoloursmakepeoplenotonlyhppierbutmoreactive.Itisan

establishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidents

whentheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.

l."Youwouldratherfollowthanred"means.

a.youdon!tliketofollowothers

b.youwouldbeamemberratherthanaleader

c.youwouldbeafraidoffollowingothers

d.youwouldliketobealeaderratherthanafollower

2.1foneenjoyslife,oneissuretoprefer.

a.redtoyellow

b.bluetoorange

c.redtogrey

d.bluetoyellow

3."Theytellus,amongotherfacts,thatwedon'tchooseourfavouritecoloursas

wegrowup.n"Amongotherfacts"means.

a.besidesotherfacts

b.inregardtootherfacts

c.notconsideringotherfacts

d.accordingtootherfacts

4.Whichofthefollowingisfacts?

a.People'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisinstinct

b.People'spreferenceofonecolourtoanotherisacquiredastheygrowup.

c.Morepeoplehappentolovebrownbecausetheysawsomethingbrownwhen

theywereborn

d.Colourshavelittleinfluenceonourmoods

5.ThosewhocommittedsuicidepreferredthebridgeovertheThamesRivernear

londontoothersbecauseof.

a.itsshape

b.itsstructure

c.itscolour

d.itsbuildingmaterials

答案：bcaac

十二

Socialcustomsandwaysofbehavingchange.Thingswhichwereconsidered

impolitemanyyearsagoarenowacceptable.Justafewyearsago,itwasconsidered

impolitebehaviourforamantosmokeonstreet.Nomanwhothoughtofhimselfby

smokingwhenaladywasinaroom.

Customsalsodifferfromcountrytocountry.Doesamanwalkontheleftorthe

rightofawomaninyourcountry?Ordoesn'titmatter?Shouldyouusebothhands

whenyouareeating?Shouldleaveoneinyourlap,oronthetable?

TheAmericansandtheBritishnotonlyspeakthesamelanguagebutalsosharea

largenumberofsocialcustoms.Forexample,inbothAmericaandEnglandpeople

shakehandswhentheymeeteachotherforthefirsttime.Also,mostEnglishmenwill

openadoorforawonmanoroffertheirseattoawoman,andsowillmostAmericans.

PromptnessisimportantbothinEnglandandinAmerica.Thatis,ifadinner

invitationisfor7o'clock,thedinnerguesteitherarrivesclosetothattimeorcallsup

toexplainhisdelay.

Theimportantthingtorememberaboutsocialcustomsisnottodoanythingthat

mightmakeotherpeoplefeeluncomfortable----especiallyiftheyareyourguests.

Whenthefoodwasserved,oneoftheguestsstratedtoeathispeaswithaknife.The

otherguestswereamusedorshocked,butthehostcalmlypickeduphisknifeand

beganeatinginthesameway.Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestfeel

foolishoruncomfortable.

l.Ifonehasacceptedadinnerinvitation,whatshouldhedoifheistobelatefor

thedinner?

a.Heshouldfindanexcuse

b.Heshouldadkforexcuse.

c.Heshouldsaysorry

d.Heshouldtelephonetoexplainhisbeinglate.

2."Itwouldhavebeenbadmannerstomakehisguestsfeelfoolishor

uncomfortable."nBadmanners"means.

a.ugly

b.dishonest

c.impolite

d.shameful

3.whichofthefollowingdoyouthinkisthebesttiltleforthispassage?

a.SocialCustomsandCustoms

b.SocialLife

c.AmericanandBritishCustoms

d.PromptnessIsImportant

4.Accordingtothetext,thebesthost.

a.trieshisbesttomakehisguestsfeelcomfortable

b.makeshisguestsfeelexcited

c.triestoavoidbeingnaughtytohisguests

d.triestoavoidbeingfoolish

5.Theauthorofthisarticlemayagreewithwhichofthefollowing?

a.Theguestwhoatehispeaswithaknife

b.Theotherguestswhowereamusedorshocked

c.Thehostwhopickeduphisknifeandbeganeatinginthesameway

d.Noneoftheabove

答案：dcaac

十三

NewOrleans,Louisiana,wasestablishedaspartoftheFrenchEmpirein1718.

ItslocationontheeastbankoftheMississippiRivergaveitcontrolofthe

Americanhinerlandanditbecamestrategicallyimportanttomanynations.Itwas

transferredfromFrancetoSpain,returnedtoFrance,andfinallysoldbyNapoleonto

theUnitedStatesin1803.Thecitywasthesiteofafamousbattlefoughtin1815

betweentheBritish,whohopedtocontrolit,andtheAmericansunderGeneralAnd

rewJackson.

TheriverbedoftheMississippiisconstantlysiltingandtheriverisnowactually

higherthanthecity.Leveesholdbacktheriverandgiantpumpsareusedtomove

waterfromthecityintotheriver.

AlthoughNewOrleanshaasbeenapartoftheUnitedStatesforalmosttwo

centuries,itspopulationtakesgreatprideinitsFrenchheritage.Louisianastillretains

partsoftheCodeNapoleonwhich,formmanyyears,wasitsonlylaw.

NewOrleansiscarefreecityanditboastsitshot,spicyCreoleseafoodandits

nativeDixielandJazz.ThejacksonSquareneighborhoodmaintainsitsFrench

colonialhomesandinothersectionsarepre-CivilWarmansions.Visitorsare

surprisedtofindthatbehindthisinterestingfacadeofyesteryear,isabusyindustrial

andportcity.GrainandcoalcomefromtheMidwestandforeighcargoesare

unloadedhere.NewOrleansisnolongerasleepySoutherntown——butit'sstillfunto

visit.

l.WhataccountsfortheleveesandpumpsinNewOrleans?

a.TheMississippifrequentlyfloodsthecity.

b.Theriverbedhasraisedinthepast200years.

c.Thetorrentialrainsfloodthecityfrequently.

d.Thehighhumiditycannototherwisebecomtrolled.

2.ThebattleofNewOrleanswasfoughtbyjacksonagainst.

a.France

b.Britain

c.Spain

d.TheNorth

3.TheCodeNapoleonwas.

a.anagreementtosellLouisiana

b.abodyoflaws

c.acityplan

d.amilitarycodeforthearmy

4.Whichofthefollowingelementsdoesnotapplytotheattiudeofthe

inhabitantsofNewOrleans?

a.PrideintheirFrenchheritage.

b.Adesiretoretainpicturesquecolonialbuildings.

c.Arefusaltoengageintradeandcommerce

d.ApraisingofDixielandJazz.

5.TouristsvisitingNewOrleansaresurprisedtoencounter.

a.Creolefood

b.Dixielandjazz

c.bustlingcity

d.authenticcolonialhomes

答案：bbbcc

十四

TheUnitedStatesisonthevergeoflosingitsleadingplaceintheworld's

technology.Sosaysmorethanonestudyinrecentyears.Oneofthereasonsfbrthis

declineistheparalleldeclineinthenumberofU.S.scientistsandengineers.

Since1976,employmentofscientistsandengineersisup85percent.Thistrendis

expectedtocontinue.However,thetrendshowsthatthenumberof22-year-olds-the

neartermsourceoffuturePH.D.s-isdeclining.Furtheraddingtotheproblemisthe

increasedcompetitionforthesecandidatesfromother

fields-law,medicine,business,etc.WhilethenumberofU.S.PH.D.sinscienceand

engineeringdeclines,theawardofPH.D.stoforeignnationalsisincreasingrapidly.

Ourinabilitytomotivatestudentstopursuescienceandengineeringcareersat

thegraduateleveliscompoundedbecauseoftheintensedemandindustryhasfor

brightBachelor'sandMaster'sdegreeholders.Toooften,promisingPH.D.candidates,

confrontingthecostandfinancialsacrificeofpursuingtheireducation,findthe

attractionofindustryirresistible.

l.TheU.S.willcometoloseitsleadingplaceintechnologyprobablybecause

a.thenumberofPH.D.degreeholdersisdeclining

b.thenumberofscientistsandengineersisdecreasing

c.thenumberof22-year-ildsisdeclining

d.scientistsandengineersarenotemployed

2.Thefieldofscienceandengineeringisfacingacompetitionfrom.

a.technology

b.foreignnationals

c.suchfieldsaslaw,medicineandbusiness

d.postgraduates

3.Large-scaleenterprisesnowneed.

a.brightgraduatesandpostgraduates

b.newinventions

c.advancedtechnology

d.engineers

4.ManypromisingpostgraduatesareunwillingtopursueaPH.D.degreebecause

a.theyarenotencouragedtobeengagedinscience

b.industrydoesnotrequirePH.D.holders

c.theyhavefinancialdifficulties

d.theywillspendmuchtimeandenergycompletingPH.D.

5.PH.D.candidates"findtheattractionofindustryirresistible"meansthat

a.theyfindindustryisattractingmoreandmorecollegestudents

b.theydon'tthinktheycanpreventthemselvesfromworkingforindustry

c.theycannotresistanyattractionfromallsides

d.theycannotworkforindustryanylonger

答案：bcadb

十五

Newdays,astandardformeasuringpowerhaschanged.Thesechangesforetella

newstandardformeasuringpower.Nolongerwillanation'spoliticalinfluencebe

basedsolelyonthestrengthofitsmilitaryforces.