八下英語時態(tài)復習

ReviewofEnglishTenseinSection8BasicConceptsandClassificationofTensePresentcontinuoustenseanditsusagePastcontinuoustenseanditsusage目錄FuturetenseanditsusagePerfecttenseanditsusageReviewstrategiesandproblemsolvingskills目錄01BasicConceptsandClassificationofTenseTenseisagrammaticalcategorythatexpressesthetimeofanactionorstaterelatedtothemomentofspeakingItallowsspeakerstolocateactionsorstatesintime,indicatingwhichofthemoccurredinthepast,present,orfutureDefinitionandFunctionofTenseFunctionDefinitionEachmaintensehasseveralsubcategories,suchassimple,continuous,perfect,andperfectcontinuousVerbschangetheirformtoindicatedifferenttensions,whichcanberegularorirregularThreemaintensions:past,present,andfutureOverviewofEnglishTenseSystemexpressactionsorstatesataspecificpointintimeSimpletensionsforactionscompletedataspecifictimeinthepastLastsimpleforactionsthatarebiological,generaltruths,orcurrentstatesPresentsimpleIntroductiontoCommonTenseTypesFuturesimpleforactionsthatwilloccurataspecifictimeinthefuturePastcontinuousforactionsthatwereongingataspecifictimeinthepastContinuoustensionsexpressactionsorstatesthatareongoingatthetimeofspeakingIntroductiontoCommonTenseTypes01foractionsthatarecurrentlyongoingortemporarystatesPresentcontinuously02foractionsthatwillbeongoingataspecifictimeinthefutureFuturecontinued03expressactionsthathavebeencompleteduptothepresentmomentoraspecificpointinthepastPerfecttensionsIntroductiontoCommonTenseTypes03Futureperfectforactionsthatwillbecompletedbeforeafuturereferencepoint01Pastperfectforactionscompletedbeforeapastreferencepoint02PresentperfectforactionscompletedintherecentpastthathasrelevancetothepresentationIntroductiontoCommonTenseTypesIntroductiontoCommonTenseTypesPerfectcontinuoustense:expressactionsthathavebeenonginguptothepresentmomentoraspecificpointinthepastandarestillonging123foractionsthatwereongingupuntilapastreferencepointPastperfectcontinuedforactionsthathavebeenongingintherecentpastandarestillongingPresentperfectcontinuousforactionsthatwillhavebeenongingupuntilafuturereferencepointFutureperfectcontinuousIntroductiontoCommonTenseTypes02PresentcontinuoustenseanditsusageBasicstructure"tobe"verb(am/is/are)+verbin"-ing"form.Forexample,"Iamstudying"or"Theyareplaying"Negativeform"tobe"verb(am/is/are)+not+verbin"-ing"form.Forinstance,"Iamnotstudying"or"Theyarenotplaying"Interactiveform"tobe"verb(am/is/are)placedbeforethesubjecttoformaquestionForexample,"AmIstudying?"or"Aretheyplaying?"TheCompositionandFormofthePresentContinuousTenseActionshappeningnowItisusedtodescribeactionsthatarehappeningatthemomentofspeakingForexample,"IamwatchingTV"meansthespeakeriscurrentlywatchingtelevisionActionsinthenearfutureItcanalsobeusedtotalkaboutarrangementsorplansforthenearfutureForinstance,"Wearemeetingtomorrow"indicatesaprearrangedmeetingActionshappeningaroundnowItcanexpressactionsthathavebeenhappeningforsometimearoundthepresentmomentandmaycontinueForexample,"IamstudyingEnglishfortwoyears"showsanactionstartedinthepastandstillcontinuingThepresentcontinuoustenseindicatesthetimewhenanactionoccurred010203TemporarystatesItisusedtoexpresstemporaryfeelings,emotions,orstatesofbeingForinstance,"Iamfeelinghappytoday"expressesatemporaryemotionalstateChangingsituationsItcandescribesituationsthatarechangingordevelopingForexample,"Theweatherisgettingwarmer"indicatesachangeinweatherconditionsProgressiveactionsItisusedtoemphasizetheprogressivenatureofanaction,specificallywhenit'sincompleteorongingForinstance,"Iamwritingaletter"highlightsthattheactionofwritingisinprogressThepresentcontinuoustenseexpressionsemotionalcolorsandstates03PastcontinuoustenseanditsusagePleaseenteryourcontentPastcontinuoustenseanditsusage04FuturetenseanditsusageWill+verbThisisthemostcommonwaytoexpressfutureactionsorstatesForexample,"Iwillgototheparktomorrow."Begoingto+verbThisformisusedtoexpressaplanorintentioninthefutureForexample,"Iamgoingtostudyfortheexamnextweek."PresentcontinuoustenseInsomecases,thepresentcontinuoustensecanalsobeusedtoexpressfuturearrangementsForexample,"IammeetingmyfriendattheCinemalater."FuturetensecompositionandformExpressingfutureplansWeusethefuturetensetotalkaboutwhatweplanorendtodointhefutureForexample,"WeareplanningtotraveltoEuropenextyear."ExpressingpredictionsThefuturetensecanalsobeusedtomakepredictionsorexpressbeliefsaboutwhatwillhappeninthefutureForexample,"Ithinkitwillrainlatertoday."ThefuturetenseindicatesfutureplansorplansApplicationoffuturetenseinconditionalsensesFirstcondition:Weusethefuturetenseinthe'if'clauseofafirstconditionalpresencetoexpressapossibleconditionanditspossibleresultForexample,"Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillstayathome."Secondcondition:Inasecondconditionalpresence,weusethepastsimpleinthe'if'clauseandthefuturetenseinthemainclausetoexpressanimaginaryorunlikesituationanditspossibleresultForexample,"IfIwonthelotus,Iwouldtravelaroundtheworld."Thirdcondition:Weusethepastperfectinthe'if'clauseandthefutureperfecttenseinthemainclauseofathirdconditionalpresencetoexpressapastsituationthatdidnothappenanditspossibleresultinthepresentorfutureForexample,"IfIhadstudiedhard,Iwouldhavepassedtheexam."05PerfecttenseanditsusageTheperfecttenseiscomposedof"have/has+pastparticle"forthepresentperfect,and"had+pastparticle"forthepastperfectTheformofcompletionindicatorsthatanactionhasbeencompletedoraneventhastakenplaceinthepastItisusedtoshowthatsomethinghashappenedbeforeanotheractioninthepastCompositionandFormofCompletionTheperfecttenseisusedtoshowaconnectionbetweenthepastandthepresentItemphasizestherelevanceofpasteventstothepresentsituationForexample,"Ihavefinishedmyhome"indicatesthattheactionoffinishinghomehasanimpactonthepresentationmomentTheperfecttenseindicatorsthatthepasthashadanimpactorresultonthepresentationSuperiorclausesaredependentclausesthatprovideadditionalinformationaboutthemainclauseTheperfecttensecanbeusedinadvisoryclausestoshowtherelationshipbetweentwopasteventsForinstance,inthepresence"AfterIhadfinishedmywork,Iwenthome,"thepastperfecttenseintheadvisoryclause"AfterIhadfinishedmywork"indicatorsthatoneeventhappenedbeforeanotherinthepast010203Theapplicationoftheperfecttenseinadvisoryclauses06ReviewstrategiesandproblemsolvingskillsEnsurethatverbsinasenseagreewiththesubjectintermsoftensionForexample,"HealwayseatspizzaonFriday"(presentsimpletense)vs."Heatepizzayesterday"(pastsimpletense)Recognizethedifferentforms(present,past,future)andfunctions(simple,continuous,perfect,perfectcontinuous)oftensionsandhowtheymayhavedifferentmeaningsFamiliarizeyourselfwithcommonIrregularVerbsandtheirconnectionsindifferenttensionsForinstance,"tobe"benefits"was/were"inthepastsimpletenseand"have/hasbeen"inthepresentperfecttenseSenseConsistencyFormandFunctionofTensesIrregularVerbsReviewandSummaryofKeyandDiffluentPointsCommonMisunderstandingsandAvoidanceMethodsMisuseofTenses:AveragemixingtensionswithinasenseorparagraphForexample,"Yesterday,Igotothestoreandbuysomecrops"shouldbecorrectedto"Yesterday,Iwanttothestoreandbuysomecrops."OveruseofCertainTenses:Bemindfulofoverusingceriumtensions,soasthepresentcontinuoustense,whichcansoundunnaturalinsomecontextsIns