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EnglishVolume1ReviewOutlineListeningsectionReadingsectionVocabularysectionSyntacticcomponentWritingsectionOralsection目錄01ListeningsectionAccuracyintransmittingaudiorecordingsMasteringtelephonesymbolsandpromotionrulesDevelopingtheabilitytodifferentiatebetweensimilarsoundsDictationskillsSpeedandefficiencyinwritingdownguidancePracticingwithvariablespeedsandlengthsofaudiorecordingsLearningtoattractandpredictemergingwordsandphrasesDictationskillsUsingcontextincludestounderstandunfamiliarwordsorphrasesPracticingwithdifferentaccountsanddialoguestoimprovecomprehensionTechniquesforimprovinglisteningandwritingskillsDictationskillsUnderstandingmainideasanddetailsIdentifyingthetopicandmainpointsofalisteningpassageDistinguishingbetweenimportantandnonimportantinformationListeningcomprehensionCompletingspecificinformationLocationandunderstandingspecificfacts,details,orexampleswithinalisteningpassageInterpretingandexplaininginformationpresentedincharts,graphs,ormapsListeningcomprehensionMakinginferencesanddrawingconclusionsUsingcontextincludesandbackgroundknowledgetoinfermeaningsordrawconclusionsaboutthecontentofalisteningpassageAnalyzingthespeaker'stone,attitude,orpurposetogainadeepunderstandingofthemessageListeningcomprehension03Strategiesforidentifyingincorrectanswersandselectingthebestanswerfromtheoptionsprovided01Multiplechoicequestions02UnderstandingquestionformatsandtypesofmultiplechoicequestionscommonlyfoundonlisteningexamsAnalysisoflisteningquestiontypes123ShortanswerquestionsFamiliaritywithdifferentformatsofshortanswerquestions,suchasfillintheblankormatchingquestionsTechniquesforquicklylocatingandaccuratelyansweringshortanswerquestionsbasedonthelisteningpassageAnalysisoflisteningquestiontypesTrue/falseoryes/noquestionsRecognizingquestionformatsthatrequireatrue/falseoryes/noresponseStrategiesfordeterminingthecorrectanswerbasedontheinformationpresentedinthelisteningpassageAnalysisoflisteningquestiontypes02ReadingsectionSkimmingScanningPredictingSummarizingReadingskillQuicklyscanningthetexttogetageneralideaofthemainpointsUsingcontextclustersandpriorknowledgetoopposewhatthetextwilldiscussSearchingforspecificinformationorkeywordswithinthetextIdentifyingandcombiningthemainideasofatextintoaconsensusoverviewGraspthecentralthemeormessageofthetextUnderstandingMainIdeaExaminingspecificinformationwithinthetexttosupportthemainideaAnalyzingDetailsDrawingconclusionsbasedonimpliedorsuggestedinformationwithinthetextMakingInferencesDeterminingtheauthor'sreasonforwritingandtheirperspectiveonthetopicEvaluatingAuthor'sPurposeReadingcomprehensionMultipleChoiceTrue/FalseShortAnswerEssayAnalysisofReadingQuestionTypesDeterminingwhichstatementsaboutthetextareaccurateornotOfferingbriefresponsestoquestionsaboutspecificdetailsormainideasinthetextWritingalongerresponsethatanalyzes,evaluates,orsynthesizesinformationfromthetextSelectingthebestanswerfromalistofoptionsbasedoncomprehensionofthetext03Vocabularysection

KeyVocabularyReviewNounsReviewcommonnouns,propernouns,abstractnouns,andcollectivenounsVerbsDiscussionsregularandirregularverbs,aswellasverbtensions(present,past,andfuture)AdjectivesExploredescriptiverejectives,comparativerejectives,andsuperlativerejectivesKeyVocabularyReviewIdentifyadsoftime,place,frequency,andmanpowerReviewproposalsoftime,place,anddirectionDiscussionscoordinatingconnectionsandsubcoordinatingconnectionsRecognizeinterferencesandtheirusesinintentionsAdvisorsProposalsConnectionsInterjectionsHomophonesIdentifywordsthatsoundlikebuthavedifferentmeanings(e.g.,"they,""there,""they're")HomographsRecognizewordsthatarespelledthesamebuthavedifferentmeanings(e.g.,"lead"[metal]vs."lead"[toguide])SynonymsDiscussionswordsthathavesimilarorrelatedmeanings(e.g.,"happy"and"joyful")AntonymsIdentifywordsthathaveoppositemeanings(e.g.,"all"and"short")01020304WorddiscriminationVocabularyapplicationContextincludesUsecontextincludestodeterminethemeaningofunknownwordsinasenseorparagraphWordrelationshipsIdentifyrelationshipsbetweenwords,suchascauseandeffect,comparisonandcontrast,andsequenceFigurelanguageRecognizeandinterpretfigurelanguage,includingmethodologies,families,personality,andhyperboleVocabularyinwritingApplyvocabularyknowledgetowritingbyusingprecisionandvividlanguagetoexpressideasclearlyandeffectively04SyntacticcomponentSimplePastTenseusedtotalkaboutactionsoreventsthathappenedinthepastSimpleFutureTenseusedtotalkaboutactionsoreventsthatwillhappeninthefutureSimplePresentTenseusedtoexpresshats,generaltruths,andactionsthatarealwaystrueTensesandVoicesPresentContinuousTense01usedtotalkaboutactionsthatarehappeningnoworthatareunfinishedPastContinuousTense02usedtotalkaboutactionsthatwerehappeningataspecifictimeinthepastFutureContinuousTense03usedtotalkaboutactionsthatwillbehappeningataspecifictimeinthefutureTensesandVoicesPresentPerfectTenseusedtotalkaboutactionsthatstartedinthepastandcontinuedtothepresentusedtotalkaboutactionsthatwerecompletedbeforeanotheractioninthepastusedtotalkaboutactionsthatwillbecompletedbeforeaspecifictimeinthefutureusedtoshowthatthesubjectofthepresenceisreceivingtheactionoftheverb,ratherthandoingtheactionLastPerfectTenseFuturePerfectTensePassiveVoiceTensesandVoicesInfinitiesThebasicformofaverb,commonlyprereceivedby"to,"andcanfunctionasanoun,advisory,oradvisoryGerundsThe"-ing"formofaverbthatfunctionsasanoun,oftenprioritizedbyaverblike"enjoy"or"hate."ArticlesThe"-ed"or"-ing"formofaverbthatcanfunctionasanobjectiveorpartofaverbphrase,showingtherelationshipbetweentwoactionsorstatesNonfineverbsAttributiveClaimsalsoknownasobjectiveclauses,theymodifyanounorpronouninthepresence,providingadditionalinformationaboutit.Theyusuallybeginwitharelativepronoun(who,why,who,which,that)orarelativeadverb(where,when,why)NounClaimsactasanouninasense,andtheycanfunctionasthesubject,object,orcompletionofaverbTheybeganwithaquestionword(who,what,where,when,why,how)orwhich/if,andtheycanbeintroducedbywordslike"that"or"where."Attributiveclausesandnonclauses05WritingsectionCoherenceandcoherence:Coherentwritingflowssmoothlyfromoneideatothenext,withclearlinksbetweensensesandparagraphsCohesionisachievedthroughtheuseofconnectingwordsandphrases,aswellasthroughthelogicalorganizationofideasGrammarandpunctation:MasteringthebasicrulesofgrammarandpunctationiscriticalforeffectivewritingThisincludesunderstandingthecorrectuseoftensions,verbconnections,presencestructure,common,andotherjunctionmarksVocabularyandspelling:ArichvocabularyandaccuratespellingenhancetheclarityandimpactofwrittenworkStudentsshouldaimtoincreasetheirvocabularythroughreadingandpractice,andtochecktheirspellingcarefullybeforesubmittinganywrittenworkWritingskillsWritingStepsPrewriting:Thisstageinvolvesbrainstormingideas,outliningthemainpoints,andconsideringtheaudienceandpurposeofthewritingDrafting:Here,studentsbegintowritetheirfirstdraft,focusingongettingtheirideasdownonpaperwithoutworryingtoomuchaboutgrammarorspellingRevising:Inthisstep,studentsreviewtheirdraft,makingimprovementstogrammar,spelling,punctation,andpresencestructureTheymayalsoaddordeleteinformationtoimproveclarityorcoherenceEditing:ThefinalstageinvolvescheckingforanyremainingerrorsandensuringthatthewritingispolarizedandreadytobesubmittedAnalysisofWritingQuestionTypesNegativewriting:Negativewritingtellsastory,usuallyinchronologicalorderStudentsshouldaimtocreateengagingnarrativeswithclearplots,welldevelopedcharacters,andvividdescriptionsDescriptivewriting:Descriptivewritingpaintsapictureinthereader'smindthroughtheuseofdetailedlanguageandsensordescriptionsStudentsshouldfocusoncreatingvividimagesthatengagethereader'ssensesInventorywriting:InventorywritingexplanationsorinformationthereaderaboutatopicItrequiresaclearandlogicalpresentationoffacts,ideas,orconceptsStudentsshouldensurethattheirrepositorywritingiswellstructuredandobjective,withafocusonclarityandaccuracyPermanentwriting:PermanentwritingaimstoprovidethereadertoacceptaspecificviewpointortakeaspecificactionStudentsshoulduse