英語考試高頻詞匯高頻詞匯

HighfrequencyvocabularyinEnglishexams目錄introductionOverviewofhigh-frequencyvocabularyListeninghigh-frequencyvocabularyReadinghigh-frequencyvocabulary目錄introductionOverviewofhigh-frequencyvocabularyListeninghigh-frequencyvocabularyReadinghigh-frequencyvocabulary目錄Writinghigh-frequencyvocabularyOralhigh-frequencyvocabularySharinghigh-frequencyvocabularymemorymethods目錄Writinghigh-frequencyvocabularyOralhigh-frequencyvocabularySharinghigh-frequencyvocabularymemorymethods01introduction01introductionPurposeThepurposeofthissectionistointroducetheimportanceofhigh-frequencyvocabularyinEnglishexamsandtoprovideguidanceonhowtoeffectivelylearnandmasterthesewords.BackgroundEnglishexams,suchastheTOEFL,IELTS,andSAT,oftenrequiretest-takerstodemonstrateastrongcommandofvocabulary.High-frequencyvocabularyreferstowordsthatcommonlyappearintheseexamsandareessentialforunderstandingandexpressingcomplexideas.Masteringthesewordscansignificantlyimproveastudent'sperformanceandconfidenceintakingEnglishexams.PurposeandbackgroundPurposeThepurposeofthissectionistointroducetheimportanceofhigh-frequencyvocabularyinEnglishexamsandtoprovideguidanceonhowtoeffectivelylearnandmasterthesewords.BackgroundEnglishexams,suchastheTOEFL,IELTS,andSAT,oftenrequiretest-takerstodemonstrateastrongcommandofvocabulary.High-frequencyvocabularyreferstowordsthatcommonlyappearintheseexamsandareessentialforunderstandingandexpressingcomplexideas.Masteringthesewordscansignificantlyimproveastudent'sperformanceandconfidenceintakingEnglishexams.PurposeandbackgroundArobustvocabularyimprovescomprehensionbyallowingstudentstounderstandawiderrangeoftexts,includingacademicarticles,novels,andnewsreports.ComprehensionWitharichvocabulary,studentscanexpresstheirideasmoreclearlyandprecisely,enhancingtheirwrittenandoralcommunicationskills.ExpressionVocabularydevelopmentfosterscriticalthinkingbyenablingstudentstoanalyzecomplexideasandargumentsmoreeffectively.CriticalThinkingInEnglish-speakinguniversitiesandcolleges,proficiencyinhigh-frequencyvocabularyisoftenaprerequisiteforsuccessinacademiccoursesandexams.AcademicSuccessTheImportanceofVocabularyinEnglishLearningArobustvocabularyimprovescomprehensionbyallowingstudentstounderstandawiderrangeoftexts,includingacademicarticles,novels,andnewsreports.ComprehensionWitharichvocabulary,studentscanexpresstheirideasmoreclearlyandprecisely,enhancingtheirwrittenandoralcommunicationskills.ExpressionVocabularydevelopmentfosterscriticalthinkingbyenablingstudentstoanalyzecomplexideasandargumentsmoreeffectively.CriticalThinkingInEnglish-speakinguniversitiesandcolleges,proficiencyinhigh-frequencyvocabularyisoftenaprerequisiteforsuccessinacademiccoursesandexams.AcademicSuccessTheImportanceofVocabularyinEnglishLearning02Overviewofhigh-frequencyvocabulary02Overviewofhigh-frequencyvocabularyDefinition:High-frequencyvocabularyreferstothewordsandphrasesthatappearmostfrequentlyinEnglishlanguageexams,includingbothgeneralandsubject-specificterminology.DefinitionandcharacteristicsDefinition:High-frequencyvocabularyreferstothewordsandphrasesthatappearmostfrequentlyinEnglishlanguageexams,includingbothgeneralandsubject-specificterminology.DefinitionandcharacteristicsCharacteristicsEssentiality:High-frequencyvocabularyisessentialforunderstandingandcommunicatinginEnglish,makingitakeyfocusinlanguagelearningandassessment.Recurrence:Thesewordstendtorecurfrequentlyindifferenttextsandexams,highlightingtheirimportanceinachievinglanguageproficiency.Commonality:Thesewordsarecommonlyusedindailylifeandacrossmultiplecontexts.DefinitionandcharacteristicsCharacteristicsEssentiality:High-frequencyvocabularyisessentialforunderstandingandcommunicatinginEnglish,makingitakeyfocusinlanguagelearningandassessment.Recurrence:Thesewordstendtorecurfrequentlyindifferenttextsandexams,highlightingtheirimportanceinachievinglanguageproficiency.Commonality:Thesewordsarecommonlyusedindailylifeandacrossmultiplecontexts.DefinitionandcharacteristicsSourceCorpus-basedanalysis:LinguisticcorporaarelargecollectionsoftextdatausedtoidentifythemostfrequentlyoccurringwordsandphrasesinEnglish.Educationalinstitutionsandexamboards:Educationalinstitutionsandexamboardsoftenprovidelistsofhigh-frequencyvocabularytoguidestudentsintheirlanguagelearningandpreparationforexams.TheSourceandClassificationofHighFrequencyVocabularySourceCorpus-basedanalysis:LinguisticcorporaarelargecollectionsoftextdatausedtoidentifythemostfrequentlyoccurringwordsandphrasesinEnglish.Educationalinstitutionsandexamboards:Educationalinstitutionsandexamboardsoftenprovidelistsofhigh-frequencyvocabularytoguidestudentsintheirlanguagelearningandpreparationforexams.TheSourceandClassificationofHighFrequencyVocabularyTheSourceandClassificationofHighFrequencyVocabularyClassificationGeneralhigh-frequencyvocabulary:Thisincludeswordsandphrasesthatarecommonacrossawiderangeofcontextsandtopics,suchasbasicverbs,nouns,adjectives,andadverbs.Academichigh-frequencyvocabulary:Thisreferstosubject-specificterminologythatiscommonlyusedinacademictextsandexams,particularlyinfieldslikescience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM).Test-specifichigh-frequencyvocabulary:Certainwordsandphrasesmaybeparticularlyrelevanttospecifictypesofexams,suchasthoserelatedtoreadingcomprehension,writing,listening,orspeakingskills.TheSourceandClassificationofHighFrequencyVocabularyClassificationGeneralhigh-frequencyvocabulary:Thisincludeswordsandphrasesthatarecommonacrossawiderangeofcontextsandtopics,suchasbasicverbs,nouns,adjectives,andadverbs.Academichigh-frequencyvocabulary:Thisreferstosubject-specificterminologythatiscommonlyusedinacademictextsandexams,particularlyinfieldslikescience,technology,engineering,andmathematics(STEM).Test-specifichigh-frequencyvocabulary:Certainwordsandphrasesmaybeparticularlyrelevanttospecifictypesofexams,suchasthoserelatedtoreadingcomprehension,writing,listening,orspeakingskills.03Listeninghigh-frequencyvocabulary03Listeninghigh-frequencyvocabularywordsandphrasesrelatedtodiningout,suchas"menu,""waiter,""order,""bill,""tip,"etc.Restaurantscenariosvocabularyrelatedtohotelstays,including"check-in,""roomservice,""housekeeping,""concierge,"etc.Hotelscenarioswordsandphrasescommonlyusedinairports,suchas"boardingpass,""luggage,""securitycheck,""departuregate,"etc.AirportscenariosScenariovocabularywordsandphrasesrelatedtodiningout,suchas"menu,""waiter,""order,""bill,""tip,"etc.Restaurantscenariosvocabularyrelatedtohotelstays,including"check-in,""roomservice,""housekeeping,""concierge,"etc.Hotelscenarioswordsandphrasescommonlyusedinairports,suchas"boardingpass,""luggage,""securitycheck,""departuregate,"etc.AirportscenariosScenariovocabularyAcademicsubjects01wordsrelatedtodifferentfieldsofstudy,suchas"biology,""chemistry,""physics,""history,""literature,"etc.Lectureterms02phrasesandtermscommonlyusedinlectures,suchas"lecturehall,""seminar,""tutorial,""assignment,"etc.Libraryandstudyterms03vocabularyrelatedtolibraryresourcesandstudying,including"librarycatalog,""referencebook,""studygroup,""researchpaper,"etc.AcademicvocabularyAcademicsubjects01wordsrelatedtodifferentfieldsofstudy,suchas"biology,""chemistry,""physics,""history,""literature,"etc.Lectureterms02phrasesandtermscommonlyusedinlectures,suchas"lecturehall,""seminar,""tutorial,""assignment,"etc.Libraryandstudyterms03vocabularyrelatedtolibraryresourcesandstudying,including"librarycatalog,""referencebook,""studygroup,""researchpaper,"etc.AcademicvocabularyCommonphrasesfrequentlyusedphrasesinEnglish,suchas"howareyoudoing?""nicetomeetyou,""haveagoodday,"etc.IdiomsandexpressionsidiomaticexpressionsandsayingsthatarecommoninEnglish,suchas"it'sapieceofcake"(it'seasy),"breakaleg"(goodluck),"kickthebucket"(die),etc.Phrasalverbsverbscombinedwithprepositionsoradverbstoformanewmeaning,suchas"lookup"(findinformation),"takeoff"(removeorleave),"getalongwith"(haveagoodrelationshipwith),etc.PhrasesandidiomsCommonphrasesfrequentlyusedphrasesinEnglish,suchas"howareyoudoing?""nicetomeetyou,""haveagoodday,"etc.IdiomsandexpressionsidiomaticexpressionsandsayingsthatarecommoninEnglish,suchas"it'sapieceofcake"(it'seasy),"breakaleg"(goodluck),"kickthebucket"(die),etc.Phrasalverbsverbscombinedwithprepositionsoradverbstoformanewmeaning,suchas"lookup"(findinformation),"takeoff"(removeorleave),"getalongwith"(haveagoodrelationshipwith),etc.Phrasesandidioms04Readinghigh-frequencyvocabulary04Readinghigh-frequencyvocabulary03Persuasivetextvocabularywordsandphrasesusedtoconvinceorpersuade,suchas"argument,""claim,""evidence,"and"persuasion."01Narrativetextvocabularywordsandphrasescommonlyfoundinstories,suchas"plot,""character,""setting,"and"conflict."02Expositorytextvocabularytermsrelatedtoexplaining,describing,orinforming,suchas"fact,""example,""detail,"and"analysis."Vocabularyrelatedtoarticlegenre03Persuasivetextvocabularywordsandphrasesusedtoconvinceorpersuade,suchas"argument,""claim,""evidence,"and"persuasion."01Narrativetextvocabularywordsandphrasescommonlyfoundinstories,suchas"plot,""character,""setting,"and"conflict."02Expositorytextvocabularytermsrelatedtoexplaining,describing,orinforming,suchas"fact,""example,""detail,"and"analysis."VocabularyrelatedtoarticlegenreAcademicnounsspecifictermsorconceptsrelatedtoafieldofstudy,suchas"theory,""methodology,""hypothesis,"and"experiment."Academicverbsactionwordscommonlyusedinacademicwriting,suchas"analyze,""evaluate,""synthesize,"and"critique."Academicadjectivesandadverbsdescriptivewordsthatmodifynounsorverbs,suchas"significant,""complex,""thoroughly,"and"rigorously."010203AcademicvocabularyAcademicnounsspecifictermsorconceptsrelatedtoafieldofstudy,suchas"theory,""methodology,""hypothesis,"and"experiment."Academicverbsactionwordscommonlyusedinacademicwriting,suchas"analyze,""evaluate,""synthesize,"and"critique."Academicadjectivesandadverbsdescriptivewordsthatmodifynounsorverbs,suchas"significant,""complex,""thoroughly,"and"rigorously."010203AcademicvocabularyCommonphrasesfrequentlyusedexpressionsorgroupsofwordsthathaveaspecificmeaning,suchas"inconclusion,""forexample,""ontheotherhand,"and"asaresult."Idiomsexpressionsthathaveafigurativemeaningthatisnotliteral,suchas"kickthebucket"(todie),"breaktheice"(tostartaconversationoractivity),and"beataroundthebush"(toavoidgettingtothepoint).Phrasalverbscombinationsofverbsandprepositionsoradverbsthathaveauniquemeaning,suchas"lookup"(tosearchforinformation),"takeoff"(toremoveorleavequickly),and"breakdown"(tostopworkingorfail).PhrasesandidiomsCommonphrasesfrequentlyusedexpressionsorgroupsofwordsthathaveaspecificmeaning,suchas"inconclusion,""forexample,""ontheotherhand,"and"asaresult."Idiomsexpressionsthathaveafigurativemeaningthatisnotliteral,suchas"kickthebucket"(todie),"breaktheice"(tostartaconversationoractivity),and"beataroundthebush"(toavoidgettingtothepoint).Phrasalverbscombinationsofverbsandprepositionsoradverbsthathaveauniquemeaning,suchas"lookup"(tosearchforinformation),"takeoff"(toremoveorleavequickly),and"breakdown"(tostopworkingorfail).Phrasesandidioms05Writinghigh-frequencyvocabulary05Writinghigh-frequencyvocabulary0102AwiderangeofUsedtointroduceavarietyofexamplesorideas.InmyopinionExpressingpersonalviewsorbeliefs.Firstly,se…Organizingideasinalogicalorder.Ontheone…Presentingtwocontrastingideasoropinions.InconclusionSummarizingthemainpointsofanargumentordiscussion.030405Commonexpressions0102AwiderangeofUsedtointroduceavarietyofexamplesorideas.InmyopinionExpressingpersonalviewsorbeliefs.Firstly,se…Organizingideasinalogicalorder.Ontheone…Presentingtwocontrastingideasoropinions.InconclusionSummarizingthemainpointsofanargumentordiscussion.030405CommonexpressionsCommonsentencepatternsinwritingForexample,...:Providingspecificexamplestoillustrateapoint.Thereareseveralreasonswhy...:Introducingreasonstosupportanargument.Itisimportanttonotethat...:Highlightingasignificantpoint.However,itisalsoworthconsideringthat...:Introducingacontrastingviewpoint.Insummary,...:Concludingwithabriefoverviewofthemainpoints.CommonsentencepatternsinwritingForexample,...:Providingspecificexamplestoillustrateapoint.Thereareseveralreasonswhy...:Introducingreasonstosupportanargument.Itisimportanttonotethat...:Highlightingasignificantpoint.However,itisalsoworthconsideringthat...:Introducingacontrastingviewpoint.Insummary,...:Concludingwithabriefoverviewofthemainpoints.Run-onsentences:Avoidcombiningmultipleindependentclauseswithoutproperpunctuationorconjunctions.Correctbyaddingcommas,semicolons,orusingconjunctionssuchas"and,""but,"or"or."Misplacedmodifiers:Ensurethatadjectivesandadverbsmodifythecorrectwordsinasentence.Correctbyrearrangingthesentencetoplacethemodifierclosertotheworditdescribes.Subject-verbagreement:Checkthatthesubjectandverbagreeinnumber(singularorplural).Correctbychangingtheverbformtomatchthesubject.Commasplices:Avoidusingcommastojointwoindependentclauses.Correctbyreplacingthecommawithasemicolonorusingaconjunctionwithacomma.CommonerrorsinwritingandtheircorrectionRun-onsentences:Avoidcombiningmultipleindependentclauseswithoutproperpunctuationorconjunctions.Correctbyaddingcommas,semicolons,orusingconjunctionssuchas"and,""but,"or"or."Misplacedmodifiers:Ensurethatadjectivesandadverbsmodifythecorrectwordsinasentence.Correctbyrearrangingthesentencetoplacethemodifierclosertotheworditdescribes.Subject-verbagreement:Checkthatthesubjectandverbagreeinnumber(singularorplural).Correctbychangingtheverbformtomatchthesubject.Commasplices:Avoidusingcommastojointwoindependentclauses.Correctbyreplacingthecommawithasemicolonorusingaconjunctionwithacomma.Commonerrorsinwritingandtheircorrection06Oralhigh-frequencyvocabulary06Oralhigh-frequencyvocabulary01Vocabularyrelatedtogreetingpeople,introducingoneself,andstartingaconversation,suchas"hello,""hi,""goodmorning,""nicetomeetyou,"etc.Greetingsandintroductions02Wordsandphrasesusedforbasiccommunication,including"please,""thankyou,""sorry,""excuseme,""canyouhelpme?"etc.Basiccommunication03Vocabularyrelatedtoroutineactivities,suchas"eat,""sleep,""work,""study,""play,""exercise,"etc.Everydayactivities04Wordsusedtodescribepeople'sappearance,personality,feelings,andthings,suchas"beautiful,""happy,""sad,""tall,""short,""interesting,"etc.DescribingpeopleandthingsCommonvocabularyindailyconversations01Vocabularyrelatedtogreetingpeople,introducingoneself,andstartingaconversation,suchas"hello,""hi,""goodmorning,""nicetomeetyou,"etc.Greetingsandintroductions02Wordsandphrasesusedforbasiccommunication,including"please,""thankyou,""sorry,""excuseme,""canyouhelpme?"etc.Basiccommunication03Vocabularyrelatedtoroutineactivities,suchas"eat,""sleep,""work,""study,""play,""exercise,"etc.Everydayactivities04Wordsusedtodescribepeople'sappearance,personality,feelings,andthings,suchas"beautiful,""happy,""sad,""tall,""short,""interesting,"etc.DescribingpeopleandthingsCommonvocabularyindailyconversationsAcademicsubjectsVocabularyrelatedtodifferentacademicsubjects,suchas"math,""science,""history,""literature,""art,"etc.School-relatedtermsWordsandphrasesusedintheschoolcontext,including"homework,""test,""exam,""grade,""classmate,""teacher,"etc.LearningandstudyingVocabularyrelatedtotheprocessoflearningandstudying,suchas"understand,""remember,""analyze,""research,""studygroup,"etc.AcademicvocabularyAcademicsubjectsVocabularyrelatedtodifferentacademicsubjects,suchas"math,""science,""history,""literature,""art,"etc.School-relatedtermsWordsandphrasesusedintheschoolcontext,including"homework,""test,""exam,""grade,""classmate,""teacher,"etc.LearningandstudyingVocabularyrelatedtotheprocessoflearningandstudying,suchas"understand,""remember,""analyze,""research,""studygroup,"etc.AcademicvocabularyFrequentlyusedphrasesinEnglish,suchas"howareyou?""what'sup?""seeyoulater,""haveagoodday,"etc.CommonphrasesIdiomaticexpressionsthatarecommonlyusedinEnglishbutmaynotbeliterallytranslated,suchas"it'srainingcatsanddogs"(meaningit'srainingheavily),"breakaleg"(usedtowishsomeoneluck),and"pieceofcake"(usedtodescribesomethingeasy).IdiomsandexpressionsPhrasesandidiomsFrequentlyusedphrasesinEnglish,suchas"howareyou?""what'sup?""seeyoulater,""haveagoodday,"etc.CommonphrasesIdiomaticexpressionsthatarecommonlyusedinEnglishbutmaynotbeliterallytranslated,suchas"it'srainingcatsanddogs"(meaningit'srainingheavily),"breakaleg"(usedtowishsomeoneluck),and"pieceofcake"(usedtodescribesomethingeasy).IdiomsandexpressionsPhrasesandidioms07Sharinghigh-frequencyvocabularymemorymethods07Sharinghigh-frequencyvocabularymemorymethodsUnderstandingrootwordsMasteringthemeaningofcommonrootwordscanhelpstudentsinferthemeaningofrelatedwords.Forexample,therootword"act"canbefoundinwordslike"action,""active,"and"activity,"allofwhicharerelatedtotheconceptofdoingsomething.RecognizingaffixesAffixes,suchasprefixesandsuffixes,canchangethemeaningorpartofspeechofaword.Byrecognizingcommonaffixeslike"un-,""re-,""-able,"and"-ing,"studentscandecodeunfamiliarwordsandunderstandtheirmeaning.RootandaffixmemorymethodUnderstandingrootwordsMasteringthemeaningofcommonrootwordscanhelpstudentsinferthemeaningofrelatedwords.Forexample,therootword"act"canbefoundinwordslike"action,""active,"and"activity,"allofwhicharerelatedtotheconceptofdoingsomething.RecognizingaffixesAffixes,suchasprefixesandsuffixes,canchangethemeaningorpartofspeechofaword.Byrecognizingcommonaffixeslike"un-,""re-,""-able,"and"-ing,"studentscandecodeunfamiliarwordsandunderstandtheirmeaning.RootandaffixmemorymethodAssociativememorymethodAssociatingnewvocabularywordswithvividmentalimagescanhelpstudentsrememberthem.Forexample,thinkingofabright,sunnydaywhenlearningtheword"luminous"cancreateastrongassociationwiththewo