命題點(diǎn)1 名詞的數(shù)

第三部分

語(yǔ)法專題精講練專題二

名詞命題點(diǎn)1

名詞的數(shù)句法功能位置例句作主語(yǔ)句首Englishis

my

favorite

subject.作賓語(yǔ)介詞或動(dòng)詞后He

usually

goes

to

school

by

bike.She

bought

a

new

dress.作表語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞后He

is

a

great

inventor.作定語(yǔ)名詞前We

are

discussing

the

populationproblem.知識(shí)必備

名詞的位置及其常見(jiàn)的句法功能句法功能位置例句作同位語(yǔ)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或代詞后Mr.

Wang,

our

English

teacher,

is

very

knowledgeable.作賓補(bǔ)名詞（短語(yǔ)）或代詞后She

found

him

a

very

good

pupil.續(xù)表1.判定所選名詞是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞①可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，如：a

desk，

two

desks；②可數(shù)名詞前面可以被冠詞、基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、指示代詞、many等詞直接修飾，如：an

egg,

three

girls,

these

singers；①不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：beef,

ice，

peace；②不可數(shù)名詞不可以被不定冠詞（a/an）、基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞、指示代詞、many等詞直接修飾;

名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞③只修飾可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)a/an一個(gè)

this

這個(gè)that那個(gè)

these這些those那些

every/each每個(gè)another另一個(gè)

many

許多few幾乎沒(méi)有a

few一些；幾個(gè)several

一些；幾個(gè)any

other其他任何一個(gè)a

couple

of兩個(gè)；幾個(gè)a

pair

of一雙many

a很多quite

a

few很多a

（great/large）

number

of

很多③表示不可數(shù)名詞的具體數(shù)量時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：數(shù)詞/不定冠詞+表示計(jì)量的詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞，如：the

rest

of

money,

a

piece

of

cake,

two

cups

of

coffee；表示不可數(shù)名詞的大概數(shù)量時(shí)，可在不可數(shù)名詞前加表示大概數(shù)量的限定詞，如：some

water

一些水；

much

time很多時(shí)間；④只修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)little很少；幾乎沒(méi)有

a

little

有一點(diǎn)兒much很多a

bit

of

有一點(diǎn)兒a

good/great

deal

of很多a

large

amount

of大量的續(xù)表可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞既可修飾可數(shù)名詞又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞的修飾語(yǔ)some/any一些

a

lot

of

很多

lots

of很多

plenty

of充足的enough足夠的

most

大多數(shù)的

hardly

any幾乎沒(méi)有the

rest

of

剩下的續(xù)表

有些名詞既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞，但含義不同，常見(jiàn)的有：名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)chicken小雞雞肉orange橙子橙汁experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)paper試卷；論文紙exercise練習(xí)題鍛煉radio收音機(jī)無(wú)線電glass玻璃杯玻璃room房間空間iron熨斗鐵time次數(shù);倍數(shù)時(shí)間life生命生活wood樹(shù)林木頭;木材light電燈光;光線work作品工作2.判斷可數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)形式還是復(fù)數(shù)形式（1）填單數(shù)形式的判定方法①a/an/this/that/every/each/another/either/one/序數(shù)詞/any

other+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)；②可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（主語(yǔ)）+be動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式/謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單三形式；③結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境或句中對(duì)應(yīng)的提示詞，如：it,

its；④專有名詞或固定搭配中，如：the

Great

Wall，

next

door。（2）填復(fù)數(shù)形式的判定方法①these/those/普通不定代詞（many/some/several/few/a

few/both/all/other

等）/大于1的基數(shù)詞/one

of（+the+形容詞最高級(jí)）/quite

a

few/a

pair

of/a

couple

of/a

（great/large）

number

of/different

kinds

of/all

kinds

of/many

of/some

of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；②both/either/neither/all/none

of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；③可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)（主語(yǔ)）+be

動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式/動(dòng)詞原形；④結(jié)合上下文語(yǔ)境或句中對(duì)應(yīng)的提示詞，如：they,

them,

their；⑤通常用復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞：chopsticks

筷子，

clothes

衣服，

glasses

眼鏡,

scissors

剪刀，socks

襪子，

trousers

褲子;⑥大于1的基數(shù)詞+men/women+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，如:two

women

teachers。拓展初中常見(jiàn)的集合名詞有兩類：（1）形式為單數(shù)，但意義可分為單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)。如：family,

team,

group,

class等。當(dāng)它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若強(qiáng)調(diào)整體，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)；若強(qiáng)調(diào)集體中的成員，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。如：His

family

is

large./His

family

are

waiting

for

him.（2）形式為單數(shù)，但意義永遠(yuǎn)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：people，

police，可與the連用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The

police

are

asking

him

something

about

the

event.隨堂練一、用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子praise

phone

safety

habitpleasure

student

suggestion1.The

writer

received

high

_______

because

of

his

famous

novel

on

nature

and

human.praise2.For

your

own

_______，

you

shouldn’t

climb

mountains

alone.safety3.There

are

many

exchange

_________

in

our

school.

They

come

from

all

over

the

world.students4.She

is

always

ready

to

help

others.

Helping

others

can

bring

her

great

_________.pleasure5.Mrs.

Black

gave

us

several

___________

on

how

to

learn

English

well.suggestions6.People

are

usually

required

to

turn

off

their

________

when

they

are

having

a

meeting.phones7.I

have

a

______

of

doing

exercise

every

day.

It

has

been

a

part

of

my

life.habit二、用方框中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成語(yǔ)篇patience

money

silence

hotel

storyexperience

way

word

stranger

moment

Several

years

ago

my

family

moved

to

New

York

for

work.

We

lived

in

a（n）

1.______

next

to

Central

Park.

One

morning

when

I

planned

to

run

in

the

park,

my

wife

asked

me

to

buy

something

on

my

2._____

back.

She

gave

me

a

＄10.

As

a

result,

this

3.___________

made

me

regretful.hotelwayexperience

When

I

was

running,

a

4._________

ran

bumped（碰撞）

into

me.

I

thought

it

was

strange

so

I

checked

my

pocket

and

found

the

5._______

was

missing.

I

quickly

ran

after

him

and

I

lost

6._________.

I

started

shouting

and

asking

him

to

give

me

back

the

＄10.

He

quickly

gave

me

the

money

without

saying

any

7._______

to

me.

I

bought

things

and

went

home.

Before

I

told

my

wife

the

8