新概念英語2筆記

Lesson1Aprivateconversation【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語〔12〕privateadj.私人的conversationn.談話theatren.劇場，戲院seatn.座位playn.戲loudlyadv.大聲地angryadj.生氣的angrilyadv.生氣地attentionn.注意bearv.容忍businessn.事rudelyadv.無禮地，粗魯?shù)亍飌rivateadj.私人的①adj.私人的privatelife私生活privateschool私立學(xué)校It'smyprivateletter.〔如果媽媽想看你的信〕It'smyprivatehouse.〔如果陌生人想進你的房子〕②adj.普通的privatecitizen普通公民I’maprivatecitizen.〔citizenn.公民〕privatesoldier大兵《PrivateRyan》〔《拯救大兵瑞恩》〕publicadj.公眾的，公開的〔private的反義詞〕publicschool公立學(xué)校publicletter公開信publicplace公共場所privacyn.隱私It’sprivacy.這是我的隱私!(不愿讓別人知道的)★conversationn.談話havea+talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip名詞變動詞conversation一般用于正式文體中,內(nèi)容上往往不正式subjectofconversation話題Theyarehavingaconversation.talk內(nèi)容可正式可不正式,也可以私人Let’shaveatalk.dialogue對話,可以指正式國家與國家會談ChinaandKoreaarehavingadialogue.chat閑聊，就是北京人說的“侃”，說的是無關(guān)緊要的事。gossip嚼舌頭,說長道短★theatren.劇場,戲劇0cineman.電影院★seatn.座位haveagoodseat/place，這里的seat指place(指地點)，而不是chair.takeaseat/takeyourseat坐下來,就坐Istheseattaken?這個位置有人嗎?請坐的3種說法:Sitdown,please.(命令性)Takeyourseat,please.Beseated,please.(更禮貌)作為動詞的seat與sit的區(qū)別sit〔sat，sitten〕vi.就座Heissittingthere.他坐在那兒。seatvt.讓某人就座seatsb.讓某人就坐，后面會加人Seatyourself.Youseathim.你給他找個位置.Whenallthosepresent(到場者)_D_hebeganhislecture.A.sitB.setC.seatedD.wereseatedsitdown坐下；beseated=takeaseat就坐★angryadj.生氣的★angrilyadv.生氣的angry=crossIwasangry./Hewascross.annoyed:惱火的;beblueintheface臉上突然變色程Iwasannoyed.度Iwasangry/cross.加Iwasveryangry.深I(lǐng)amblueintheface.(臉色都青了,相當(dāng)生氣了)★attentionn.注意Attention,please.請注意(口語)payattention注意payattentionto…對……注意Youmustpayattentiontothatgirl.payalittleattention稍加注意paymuchattention多加注意paymoreattention更多注意paynoattention不用注意paycloseattention特別注意★bear(bore,born)v.容忍①vt.承受，支撐，承當(dāng)，負擔(dān)Cantheicebearmyweight?Whowillbearthecost?誰來承當(dāng)這筆費用？②vt.忍受〔一般與can/could連用于疑問句及否認句中〕Sheeatstoofast.Ican’tbeartowatch/watchingher.她吃得太快。我看著受不了。Howcanyoubearlivinginthisplace?你怎么能受得了住在這個地方？bear=stand=putupwithIcan'tbear/standyou.endure:忍受,容忍putupwith:忍受Igotdivorced〔離婚〕.Icouldnotputupwithhimbear/stand/endure忍受的極限在加大bearn.熊whitebear白熊bearhug:熱情(熱烈)的擁抱givesb.abearhug★businessn.事,生意①n.生意businessman:生意人dobusiness:做生意gotosomeplaceonbusiness:因公出差I(lǐng)wenttoTianjinonbusiness.②n.某人自己的私人的事情It'smybusiness.(指私人的事,自己處理的事)It'snoneofyourbusiness.不關(guān)你的事。★rudelyadv.無禮地,粗魯?shù)豶udeadj.粗魯?shù)?，無禮的★payvt.&vi.支付①vt.&vi.支付〔價款等〕Haveyoupaidthetaxi-driver?Youcanpayadepositofthirtypounds…您可以先付30英鎊的定金……I’llpaybyinstalments.Ipaid50dollarsforthisskirt.〔pay…forsth.花/支付……〔錢〕買……〕②vt.&vi.給予〔注意等〕；去〔訪問〕Theydidnotpayanyattention.WepaidavisittoourteacherlastSunday.上星期天我們?nèi)グ菰L了老師。③n.工資，報酬Ihavenotreceivedmypayyet.我還沒有領(lǐng)到工資?！綯ext】LastweekIwenttothetheatre.Ihadaverygoodseat.Theplaywasveryinteresting.Ididnotenjoyit.Ayoungmanandayoungwomanweresittingbehindme.Theyweretalkingloudly.Igotveryangry.Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.Ilookedatthemanandthewomanangrily.Theydidnotpayanyattention.Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.Iturnedroundagain."Ican'thearaword!"Isaidangrily."It'snoneofyourbusiness,"theyoungmansaidrudely."Thisisaprivateconversation!"參考譯文：上星期我去看戲.我的座位很好,戲很有意思,但我卻無法欣賞.一青年男子與一青年女子坐在我的身后,大聲地說著話.我非常生氣,因為我聽不見演員在說什么.我回過頭去怒視著那一男一女,他們卻毫不理會.最后,我忍不住了,又一次回過頭去,生氣地說:“我一個字也聽不見了!”“不關(guān)你的事,“那男的毫不客氣地說,“這是私人間的談話!”【課文講解】1、LastweekIwenttothetheatre.動詞go的原義是離開一個地方去另一個地方，與介詞to連用后，常加上主語所要去的目的來代表主語的動作目的。gotothe+地點表示去某地干嘛gotothetheatre=gotothetheatretoseeaplay去劇場看戲gotothecinema=seeafilm去電影院看電影gotothedairy去牛奶店gotothe+人+'s表示去這個人開的店gotothedoctor's去看??；gotothebutcher's買肉以下短語中名詞前不加冠詞：gotoschool去上學(xué)；gotochurch去做禮_____拜；gotohospital(醫(yī)院)去看?。籫otobed上床，睡覺；gohome〔跟home相連一定表示沒有事情可做,回家休息〕Iamathome.在家休息2、Ihadaverygoodseat.seat一般指戲院、汽車等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。thefrontseatofacar汽車的前座Takeaseat,please.請坐。3、Ididnotenjoyit.enjoyvt.欣賞，享受，喜愛①enjoy+n.喜歡,從當(dāng)中得到一種享受〔后面不能跟人〕Ienjoythemusic.enjoythedinner/film/program/game②enjoyoneself/代詞玩的開心Wealwaysenjoyourselves.③enjoy+動名詞Janedoesn’tenjoyswimming.Sheenjoysgoingtothetheatre.4、Igotveryangry.get在這里有“逐漸變得”的含義，接近become，是個表示過程的動詞，表示狀態(tài)的變化。而Iwasveryangry那么僅表示當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)是生氣，并不暗示過程。Iam/wasangry.是一個事實Igotangry.強調(diào)變化過程Itishot.Itgothot.got取代be動詞，got是一個半聯(lián)系動詞,可以直接加形容詞。5、Icouldnotheartheactors.Iturnedround.hear+人:聽見某人的話Icouldnothearyou.Begyourpardon?Icouldn'thearyou./Icouldn'thearaword./Icouldn'tcatchyourwords.Icouldn'thearyouclearly./Icouldn'tcatchyourwords.Begyourpardon?/Icouldn'tcatchyourwords.turnround=turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身6、Intheend,Icouldnotbearit.intheend最后，終于，表示一段較長的時間之后或某種努力之后Shetriedhardtofinishherhomeworkbyherself.Intheend,shehadtoaskherbrotherforhelp.Icouldnotbearit/you/thenoise.7、Ican'thearaword!Ican'thearaword.美音:肯定Ican否認,Ican't,它的/t/是吞進去的,在讀音上很難區(qū)別,只能根據(jù)上下文來定hearawordofsb.〔aword等于一句話〕Hedidn'tsayaword.MayIspeaktoJim?/MayIhaveawordwithJim?8、It'snoneofyourbusiness.one’sbusiness指某人〔所關(guān)心的或份內(nèi)〕的事It'snoneofyourbusiness./Noneofyourbusiness./It'smybusiness.不關(guān)你的事。Itismybusinesstolookafteryourhealth.我必須照顧你的身體健康。none相當(dāng)于notany或noone，但語氣較強。Shekeptnoneofhisletters.他的信件她一封也沒有保存。noneof這個短語有時可以表達一種斷然、甚至粗暴的口氣，尤其是在祈使句中：Noneofyoursillyremarks!別說傻話了！【Keystructures】簡單陳述句的語序陳述句一定是有主語,有動詞,有賓語,有句號6123456when?Who?ActionWho?How?Where?When?Which?Which?What?What?1主語，一般由名詞、代詞或名詞短語構(gòu)成，通常位于動詞之前，動詞必須與主語一致，即主語決定動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式2謂語，由動詞充當(dāng)3賓語，一般為名詞、代詞或名詞短語4副詞或介詞短語,對方式或狀態(tài)提問,往往做狀語Ilikeherverymuch5地點狀語，一般在方式副詞之后，時間副詞之前6時間狀語，可以放在句首或句末簡單陳述句一定不能少的是主語,謂語.如果問何時何地,是一個固定搭配whenandwhere【Multiplechoicequestions】1Thewriterturnedround.Helookedatthemanandthewomanangrily___b___.a.andtheystoppedtalkingb.buttheydidn'tstoptalkingc.buttheydidn'tnoticehimd.buttheylookedathimrudely"Theydidnotpayanyattention."不是沒看見，只是思想上沒在意payattention:從思想上注意、在意，如交通平安應(yīng)注意.notice:眼睛上注意(=see眼睛看)Inoticeher.4Theyoungmanandyoungwomanweresittingbehindhim.Hewassitting___d___them.a.beforeb.abovec.aheadofd.infrontofbehind:在……后面infrontof在……前面(相對靜止的概念)before在……前面(后面加詞_____或句子，一般和時間相連)Hearrivedbeforesixo'clock.beforehecamebackabove在……上面aheadof在……前面(+時間、位置)(動態(tài)的行為)aheadoftimeHegoesaheadofme.5___c___didthewriterfeel?Angry.a.Whereb.Whyc.Howd.When特殊疑問詞對后面的答案提問how(adv.)——對一個方式、狀態(tài)提問，對形容詞、副詞、介詞短語提問7Theyoungmanandtheyoungwomanpaid___d___attentiontothewriter.a.noneb.anyc.notanyd.noany——用在否認句和疑問句中some——用在肯定句中none——代詞，沒有任何東西、沒有任何人Noneknows./Noneofusknows.not——否認詞,要放在非實義動詞后面notany=noHedidn'tpayattention.no——形容詞、修飾名詞Idon'thaveanyfriends./Ihavenofriends.Ihavenotime./Idon'thaveanytime.11Thewritercouldnotbearit.Hecouldnot___c___it.a.carryb.sufferc.standd.liftbear忍受=standsuffer遭受,忍受(精神或肉體上)痛苦，suffer后面必須加一種痛苦Isuffertheheadache.〔肉體上的痛苦〕Heoftensuffersdefeat.〔精神上的痛苦〕〔defeatn.失敗〕Lesson2Breakfastorlunch?【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語〔5〕untilprep.直到outsideadv.外面ringv.〔鈴、等〕響〔rang,rung〕auntn.姑，姨，嬸，舅母repeatv.重復(fù)★untilprep.直到until用于表示動作、狀態(tài)等的持續(xù)，可譯為“一直到……為止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它與表示持續(xù)性狀態(tài)的動詞連用，表示持續(xù)到某一時刻：I’llwaithereuntil5.我會在這里等到5點鐘。Hisfatherwasaliveuntilhecameback.直到他回來為止,他爸爸都是活著的.在否認句中，它通常與描述短暫動作的動詞連用，表示“到……為止”、“直到……才”：Shecannotarriveuntil6.她到6點才能來。Hisfatherdidn'tdieuntilhecameback.直到他回來,他爸爸才死.until〔后的從句〕的時間終止之前,這個動作做了還是沒做？做了前面的主句用肯定；沒做前面的主句用否認Forhe___A(C)___(wait)untilitstoppedraining.A.waitedB.didn'twaitA.leaveB.leftC.didn'tleaveIstayinbeduntiltwelveo'clock.Ididn'tgetupuntil12o'clock.★outsideadv.外面〔作狀語〕Heiswaitingformeoutside.Itiscoldoutside.★ring(rang.rung)v.(鈴、等)響①vt.鳴，(鈴、等)響(這種響是刺耳的,往往是提醒人做某事)Everymorningtheclockringsat6.Thetelephone(doorbell)isringing.而風(fēng)鈴等響要用jingle，jingle(bell)(鈴兒)響叮當(dāng)②vt.打給〔美語中用call〕ringsb.給某人打TomorrowI'llringyou.③n.〔打〕givesb.aringRemembertogivemearing./Remembertoringme.④n.戒指★auntn.姑,姨,嬸,舅媽(所有長一輩的女性都用這個稱呼)男性那么是uncle:叔叔他們的孩子：cousin堂兄妹(不分男女)cousin的孩子：nephew外甥；niece外甥女★repeatv.重復(fù)①vt.重復(fù)Willyourepeatthelastword?Theyarerepeatingthatwonderfulpaly.②vi.重做，重說Pleaserepeatafterme.Don’trepeat.【Text】ItwasSunday.InevergetupearlyonSundays.Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.LastSundayIgotupverylate.Ilookedoutofthewindow.Itwasdarkoutside.'Whataday!'Ithought.'It'srainingagain.'Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasmyauntLucy.'I'vejustarrivedbytrain,'shesaid.'I'mcomingtoseeyou.''ButI'mstillhavingbreakfast,'Isaid.'Whatareyoudoing?'sheasked.'I'mhavingbreakfast,'Irepeated.'Dearme,'shesaid.'Doyoualwaysgetupsolate?It'soneo'clock!'參考譯文：那是個星期天,而在星期天我是從來不早起的,有時我要一直躺到吃午飯的時候.上個星期天,我起得很晚.我望望窗外,外面一片昏暗.“鬼天氣!”我想,“又下雨了.“正在這時,鈴響了.是我姑母露西打來的.“我剛下火車,“她說,“我這就來看你.““但我還在吃早飯,“我說.“你在干什么?”她問道.“我正在吃早飯,“我又說了一遍.“天啊,“她說,“你總是起得這么晚嗎?現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)1點鐘了!”【課文講解】1、ItwasSunday.it指時間、天氣、溫度或距離，it被稱為“虛主語”〔emptysubject〕。作為第三人稱單數(shù)的中性代詞，it可以指一件東西、一件事件或用來指是什么人：Itisalovelybaby.2、InevergetupearlyonSundays.onSundays:所有的星期天,每逢星期天,與一般現(xiàn)在時連用，表示經(jīng)常性的行為。介詞on一般用于表示某一天的時間短語中：onMonday，onMondaymorning，onthatday當(dāng)使用last，next，this，that時，介詞〔以及定冠詞〕必須省略：I’llseeyounext/thisFriday.never從來不(可以直接用在動詞前面)=助動詞+not(變成否認句,前面一定要加助動詞)Idon'tlikeher.=Ineverlikeher.3、Isometimesstayinbeduntillunchtime.在表達臥床時bed前不需加冠詞：It’stimeforbednow.Youmuststay/remaininbedforanothertwodays.你必須再臥床兩天。4、Justthen,thetelephonerang.ItwasmyauntLucy.justthen:就在那時如果不知道對方性別,他/她可以用it取代Whoareyou?/Whoisit?5、I'vejustarrivedbytrain,by直接加交通工具(不能有任何修飾詞,復(fù)數(shù))；如果加修飾詞,就要換掉by用in或onIgooutbybus.Igooutin/ontwobuses.〔指具體的兩輛車介詞用in/on〕LongagopeoplecouldgotoAmericaonlybyship/sea.如果是特指的交通工具，那么要加冠詞或其他限定詞：Myauntleftbythe9:15train.byair乘飛機bybicycle/bike騎自行車byboat乘船bybus乘公共汽車bycar乘小汽車byland由陸路byplane乘飛機bysea由海路byship乘船bytrain乘火車6、I'mcomingtoseeyou.我將要來看你.用come的現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)becoming表示一般將來，表示近期按方案或安排要進行的動作。同樣用法的動詞有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…7、Dearme!天哪!英國人說Dearme!或Mydear!美國人說:Mygod!注意美英的發(fā)音不同.【Keystructures】現(xiàn)在進行時和一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話的當(dāng)時正在發(fā)生或正在發(fā)生的事件,也用來表示現(xiàn)階段(一段時間)的動向?，F(xiàn)在進行時常與now，just，still等副詞連用：Iamworkingasateacher."現(xiàn)階段"Heisstillsleeping.〔現(xiàn)在還在睡覺〕Janeisjustdressingup.簡正在打扮。一般現(xiàn)在時表示習(xí)慣性動作,真理,是過去、現(xiàn)在和未來都會發(fā)生的事情。一般現(xiàn)在時一般與頻率副詞often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等連用。HelenneverwritestoherbrotherTony.Shesometimesringshim.頻率副詞往往放在句子中的實義動詞前,非實義動詞后；如果既有實義動詞又有非實義動詞,要放在兩個之間；疑問句中副詞往往放在主語后面。在否認句中not必須放在always之前，而且也出現(xiàn)在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必須出現(xiàn)在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速記可以用在句尾；在特別強調(diào)和需要比照時，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副詞可用于句首。IgetpaidonFridayusually.VeryoftenthephoneringswhenI’minbath.非實義動詞:①系動詞(be)②幫助動詞構(gòu)成時態(tài)的助動詞(do,does,will,shall,have,had,has)③情態(tài)動詞(must,can,may)除此之外都是實義動詞.Ifrequentlygotobedhungry.〔形容詞作狀語〕Hewenttoschoolhungry.餓著肚子上學(xué).Youmustcomeherehungry.空腹來這里.【SpecialDifficulties】以what開頭的感慨句：在英語中可用what引導(dǎo)的感慨句來表示驚奇、憤怒、贊賞、喜悅等感情，在感慨中主謂語采用正常語序。What對名詞感慨，感慨句的結(jié)構(gòu)為：What+a/an(+adj.)+n.(+主語+謂語)!Whatagoodgirl(sheis)!〔主、謂可省〕有上下文和一定的語境,才能省略形容詞。一般省略形容詞表示批評或不大好的意思。Whatathingtosay!多么難聽的話??！What(alotof)trouble(heiscausing)!【Multiplechoicequestions】5.Hedoesn'tgetupearlyonSundays.Hegetsup___a___.a.lateb.latelyc.slowlyd.hardlylate<adj.&adv.>晚的lately<adv.>=recently<adv.>最近的,近來的.Howareyougoinglately?最近一段時間身體還好嗎?8He___a___outofthewindowandsawthatitwasraining.a.lookedb.sawc.remarkedd.watchedlook<vi.>表示看的動作，后面一定要加介詞see<vt.>表示看的結(jié)果，后面直接加賓語watch<vt.>表示觀看，后面直接加賓語,但賓語一定是能夠活動的東西lookatpictures(對)；watchpictures(錯)11Breakfastisthefirst___d___oftheday.a.foodb.dinnerc.lunchd.meallunch中餐food食物dinner正餐一天中最豐富的那頓飯,可能是中餐,也可能是晚餐,但決不會是早餐.meal一頓飯Lesson3PleaseSendMeaCard【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語〔11〕sendv.寄，送postcardn.明信片spoilv.使索然無味，損壞museumn.博物館publicadj.公共的friendlyadj.友好的waitern.效勞員，招待員lendv.借給decisionn.決定wholeadj.整個的singleadj.唯一的，單一的★sendv.寄,送sendaletter寄信sendsth.tosb./sendsb.sth.給某人送〔寄〕什么東西send/takechildrentoschool：take強調(diào)某人親自送；send那么是通過第三人去送,如美國的校車takeflowerstohiswife自己送sendflowerstohiswife叫店里的人送★postcardn.明信片兩個爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。這里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音namecard/visitingcard名片Hereismynamecard.(口語常用,同時伴隨著遞出的動作)IDcard身份證〔ID身份〕creditcard信用卡cashcard現(xiàn)金卡,儲蓄卡,工資卡(不能透支的那種)★spoil(spoiled，spoilt)v.使索然無味,損壞①vt.弄壞，損壞，糟蹋Thesadnewsspoiledourweekend.這不幸的消息使我們沒能過好周末。Therainspoiledtheschoolsports.這場雨把學(xué)校運動會弄得一團糟。Thisspoiledmyday.Whatyousaidspoiledme.Hisarrivalspoiledmyholiday.②vt.寵壞，慣壞，溺愛Don’tspoilyourchildren.不能太慣孩子。Hisparentsspoiledtheboy.spoil:把東西的質(zhì)______量變得不好;生活中不順心的事;寵壞,溺愛break:打破;breakthewindows打破玻璃damage:破壞,程度不一定很重destroy:破壞,徹底摧毀以上三個是指物理上的破壞,而spoil主要指精神上的★museumn.博物館PalaceMuseum故宮★publicadj.公共的①adj.公共的，公眾的，社會的Thereisapubliclibraryinthistown.IalwayssitinpublicgardensonSundays.②adj.公開的，眾人皆知的Theirsecretmeetingwasmadepublic20yearslater.他們的秘密會晤20年以后才被公開。publichouse〔酒吧〕簡稱pubpublicplace公共場所inpublic公開的；inprivate私下里的Let’shaveaconversationinprivate.讓我們私下談?wù)?Whynothaveaconversationinpublic?為什么不公開談呢?(當(dāng)面說呢?)③n.公眾，群眾，群眾Thepublicis/arepleasedwithhisexplanation.公眾對他的解釋很滿意。ThemuseumisopentothepubliconSunday.★friendlyadj.友好的friendly是形容詞，單獨使用時一般做定語；作為狀語表示這個人做什么事情很友好,用短語inafriendlywayHeisnotveryfriendlytoJohn.Shegavemeafriendlygreeting.Healwaysgreetsmeinafriendlyway.以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞還有l(wèi)ovely，brotherly，fatherly，manly，motherly★waitern.效勞員,招待員waiter(男效勞員),waitress(女效勞員),只出現(xiàn)在餐館里chiefwaiter領(lǐng)班Iwanttoseethechiefwaiter.我要見你們的領(lǐng)班。shopassistant商店里的店員attendantn.〔其他公共場所的〕效勞員★lendv.借給lendto〔借出〕：lendsth.tosb/lendsb.sth.Canyoulendme$20please?I’llpay/giveitbacktomorrow.borrowfrom〔借進〕：borrowsth.fromsb./borrowsth.〔borrow不能用borrowsbsth.〕Heborrowedmypenyesterday.Hehasn’tgivenmeityet.★decisionn.決定make/takeadecision作出決定Itwasnoteasyformetomake/takethisdecision.Areyoumade/takenadecision?makeabig/greatdecision(big：重大；great：偉大,更重大)decidev.決定★wholeadj.整個的awholebottleofmilk一整瓶牛奶thewhole…，thewholeday整天，twowholeweeks整整兩星期allth…，alltheday(the可省略)整天allof后面如果加代詞,代詞前面不需要修飾詞；一旦要加名詞,前面一定要加theallofus；allofthestudents★singleadj.唯一的,單一的反義詞:double雙倍的【Text】Postcardsalwaysspoilmyholidays.Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.Ivisitedmuseumsandsatinpublicgardens.AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Thenhelentmeabook.Ireadafewlines,butIdidnotunderstandaword.EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.Myholidayspassedquickly,butIdidnotsendcardstomyfriends.OnthelastdayImadeabigdecision.Igotupearlyandboughtthirty-sevencards.Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!參考譯文：明信片總攪得我假日不得安寧.去年夏天,我去了意大利.我參觀了博物館,還去了公園.一位好客的效勞員教了我?guī)拙湟獯罄Z,之后還借給我一本書.我讀了幾行,但一個字也不懂.我每天都想著明信片的事.假期過得真快,可我還沒有給我的朋友們寄過一張明信片.到了最后一天,我作出了一項重大決定.我早早起了床,買來了37張明信片.我在房間里關(guān)了整整一天.然而竟連一張明信片也沒寫成!【課文講解】1、Lastsummer,IwenttoItaly.last：①adj.上一個lastsummer里的last表示“上一個”②adj.最后一個，表示“最后一個”時要加冠詞thethelastday最后一天〔具體到一天及一天的早中晚都要用on〕2、AfriendlywaitertaughtmeafewwordsofItalian.Italian于Italy:注意重讀音的位置不同teachsb.sth.教某人做某事HeteachesourEnglish.(錯)HeteachesusEnglish.(對)語言不可數(shù),所以要用alittleItalian或afewwordsofItalianIcanspeakalittleEnglish/afewwordsofEnglish.afew可與復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用，表示肯定，含有some，asmallnumberof〔一些，少數(shù)幾個〕的意思。Thepolicewouldliketoaskhimafewquestions.警察要問他一些問題。3、EverydayIthoughtaboutpostcards.thinkabout/of考慮,思考，指某一段時間一直在想/考慮某事,thinkof還可指想到Whatdoyouthinkof?WhatdoyouthinkofTVprogramlastnight?Whatdoyouthinkoftheweathertoday?你覺得天氣怎么樣?thinkover仔細考慮，反復(fù)思考What’stheweatherliketoday?cold,chilly〔非常非常冷〕,freezeI'llfreeze.我要凍僵了4、Ispentthewholedayinmyroom,butIdidnotwriteasinglecard!spend與表示時間的詞或短語連和時，意思為“花〔時間〕”、“度過”spend+時間+地點:在什么地點我花費/度過了多少時間Ispendthreehoursinthesea.Ispendmyweekendatmymother's.Ispendthreehoursintheclassroomeveryday.Ispendalotoftimeintrafficjam.(交通堵塞)spend還可以表示“花錢”Ifwespendallthemoney,we’llbepooragain.Ican’tspendanymoreonthiscar.【Keystructures】一般過去時一般過去時通常表示過去發(fā)生的而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)結(jié)束的事件、動作或情況。它通常指動作何時發(fā)生，而不指動作持續(xù)多久。Doyouevercatchacoldinthewinter?Yes,Icaughtacoldlastwinter.【SpecialDifficulties】直接賓語與間接賓語雙賓語：直接賓語(表示動作結(jié)果，動作所涉及的事物)和間接賓語(動作目標(biāo)，動作是誰做的或為誰做的，通常是人)。間接賓語大多數(shù)情況下置于直接賓語之前，如果間接賓語在后，間接賓主前必須加“to”〔表示動作對什么人做〕或“for”〔表示動作為什么人而做〕。givesb.sth./givesthtosb間接賓語在后面時,其前必須加to(對……而言)或for(為……而做)?？梢苑g為“給”、“替”、“為”的，就用for；如果只能翻譯為“給”的,就用to與to相連的give,take,pass,read,sell,buy，pay，hand，bring，show，promise，offer，owetakeflowerstomywife.與for相連的buy,order,make,findIbuyabookforyou.makeacakeforyoufindsth.forsb.dosb.afavor幫某人一個忙Domeafavorplease./Doafavorforme?幫我一個忙Idosomethingforyou.CanIordersomethingforyou?CanIbuyyouabottleofbeer?意為我請你喝杯酒的意思【Multiplechoicequestions】4___a___himafewwordsofItalian?Thewaiter.a.Whotaughtb.Whodidteachc.Whatdidheteachd.Whomdidheteach人做主語提問——who對賓語提問——whomwho既可以對主語提問也可以對賓語提問,而whom只能對賓語提問如果對主語提問,那么句子的語序和陳述句語序一樣；如果對非主語來提問,那么句子要使用特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句的語序Who/WhomdidthewaiterteachafewwordsofItalian?5Hewasafriendlywaiter.Hespoketothewriter___d___.a.friendb.asfriendsc.likefriendsd.inafriendlywayHespoketothewriterlikeafriend.in...way:以...方式,作為狀語表示這個人做什么事情很友好,用短語inafriendlyway7Hespentthewholedayinhisroom.Hewasinhisroom___c___day.a.theholeb.theallc.alld.allofall(the)dayallof后面如果加代詞,代詞前面不需要修飾詞allofus；一旦要加名詞,前面一定要加theallofthefriendsallofmyfriendsallofthestudents10Onthelastdayhemadeabigdecision.Itwasthe___a___dayofhisholiday.a.finalb.endc.latestd.bottomfinal——形容詞end——名詞/動詞latest——形容詞bottom——名詞latestadj.最新的latestnews；lateststyle新款11Hemadeabigdecision.He___b___.a.thoughtaboutitb.madeuphismindc.changedhismindd.madeawishthinkabout:考慮、思考、想makeupone'smind:下定決心changeone'smind:改變主意makeawish:許個心愿_____,愿望,許愿Lesson4Anexcitingtrip【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語〔6〕excitingadj.令人興奮的receivev.接受，收到firmn.商行，公司differentadj.不同的centren.中心abroadadv.在國外★excitingadj.令人興奮的excitingadj.令人興奮的；excitedadj.興奮的-ed:自己感到/-ing:令人感到Thenewsexciting.excitingboy令人興奮的男孩Iamexcited.excitev.沖動〔這類動詞的賓語一定是人，讓后面的人感到……〕Thenewsexcitederestingadj.令人感到有趣的；interestedadj.感到有意思的interestingmanThemaniserestv.對……感興趣Thebookinterestsme.那本書讓我感到很有趣★receivev.接受,收到①vt.接到，收到，得到Whendidyoureceivethatletter?②vt.招待，接待Youneedalargeroomifyouaregoingtoreceivesomanyguests.receive是“收到”，指的是一個被動的動作，主觀上接受與否不清楚。receive/havealetterfromsb.accept同意接收ThismorningIreceivedabunchofflowersfromaboy,butIdidn'tacceptit.take那么是主動的“拿”、“取”Ireceivedabeautifulpenfrommyuncle.Mybrothertookitfrommeyesterday.take也可以作收到taketheexam接受考試；takeadvice接受建議★firmn.商行,公司companyn.公司★differentadj.不同的①adj.不同的，相異的〔經(jīng)常與from連用〕Weareplanningsomethingdifferentthisyear.我們今年有不同的打算。Myroomisdifferentfromyours.②adj.各種各樣的，不同的Thisdepartmentstoresellsalargenumberofdifferentthings.這家百貨商店出售許多各種各樣的東西。HehasvisitedmanydifferentplacesinChina.他去過中國的不少地方?！颽broadadv.在國外〔副詞,直接和動詞連用〕goabroad去國外liveabroad國外定居studyabroad國外學(xué)習(xí)【Text】Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.HeisinAustralia.Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.Timisanengineer.HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.HewillsoonvisitDarwin.Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfindingthistripveryexciting.參考譯文我剛剛收到弟弟蒂姆的來信,他正在澳大利亞.他在那兒已經(jīng)住了6個月了.蒂姆是個工程師,正在一家大公司工作,并且已經(jīng)去過澳大利亞的不少地方了.他剛買了一輛澳大利亞小汽車,現(xiàn)在去了澳大利亞中部的小鎮(zhèn)艾利斯斯普林斯.他不久還將到達達爾文去,從那里,他再飛往珀斯.我弟弟以前從未出過國,因此,他覺得這次旅行非常沖動人心.【課文講解】1、Ihavejustreceivedaletterfrommybrother,Tim.同位語：一個名詞〔或短語等〕與另一個名詞〔或短語〕并列而作為其說明或限定成分時稱為同位語。同位語與它所補充說明的成分之間用逗號隔開。在譯成漢語時，同位語或者插入主句中，或者另譯為一句，很少像英語中那樣用逗號隔開。ThisisJohn,oneofmybestfriends.這位是約翰。他是我最好的朋友之一。Mrs.Smith,myneighbore,hasneverbeenabroad.我的鄰居史密斯夫人從來沒有出過國。2、Hehasbeenthereforsixmonths.onemonth；twomonths注意讀音IhavearrivedinBeijing.〔arrive是瞬間動詞不能和段時間連用〕hasbeen+in地點HehasbeeninBeijingforoneyear.HehasbeeninAmericafortowyears.3、HeisworkingforabigfirmandhehasalreadyvisitedagreatnumberofdifferentplacesinAustralia.workfor在……上班/任______職，強調(diào)workIamworkingforaschool.workin強調(diào)地點〔在哪個地方上班〕IamworkingintheNewOrientalschool.workat上班Sheworksatadepartmentstore.anumberof后面一定要加可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；通常number前有g(shù)reat，large，good，small，certain等形容詞，數(shù)量大小也隨之改變。agreatnumberof類似于,約等于alotof；Alarge/greatnumberofourstudentsareDanish.Thereareasmallnumberofspellingmistakesinyourhomework.alotof可加可數(shù)名詞也可加不可數(shù)名詞IhavealotoffriendsIhaveagreatnumberoffriends.4、HehasjustboughtanAustraliancarandhasgonetoAlicesprings,asmalltowninthecentreofAustralia.hasgoneto去了某地沒回來hasbeento曾經(jīng)去過某地,現(xiàn)在不在那個地方HaveyoubeentoParis?5、Fromthere,hewillflytoPerth.fromthere:從那地方起from即可以加時間又可以加地點fromhalfpast8tohalfpast11fromBeijingtoTianjingflytoPerth=gotoPerthbyair6、Mybrotherhasneverbeenabroadbefore,soheisfendingthistripveryexciting.before在句子后是副詞,譯為“在此之前”，是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的標(biāo)志find作“發(fā)現(xiàn)”、“覺察”講時賓語往往帶補足語〔一般為形容詞〕，說明賓語的狀況、性質(zhì)等。find+賓語+形容詞做賓補findtheroomcleanfindherhappybefinding在口語中經(jīng)常使用I'mfinding.....We’refinding......下面表示狀態(tài)、感覺、情緒、精神活動的動詞不可用于進行時：believe，doubt，see，hear，know，understand，belong，think，consider，feel，look，seem，show，mind，have，sound，taste，require，possess，care，like，hate，love，detest，desire【Keystructures】現(xiàn)在完成現(xiàn)在完成時表示動作現(xiàn)存的結(jié)果，或者過去發(fā)生的事對現(xiàn)在的影響。常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用的副詞和副詞短語：before(now)〔以前〕；it’sthefirsttiem〔第一次〕；sofor〔到目前為止〕；sofarthismorning〔到上午為止〕；uptonow〔直到現(xiàn)在〕；uptothepresent〔直到目前〕；just〔剛剛〕；recently〔最近〕；already〔已經(jīng)〕；lately〔最近〕；now〔現(xiàn)在〕；for一段時間；since+時間；still〔還；仍〕；atlast〔終于〕；finally〔最終〕；疑問句和否認句中常用ever，yet，never，not…ever等。I’veplantedfourteenrosebushessofarthismorning.IhavelivedhereforseveralyearsnowandI’vemademanynewfriendssinceIhavelivedhere.現(xiàn)在完成時還可和表示頻度的副詞連用，表示反復(fù)和習(xí)慣性動作，如often〔經(jīng)常〕，frequently〔屢次〕，threetimes〔三次〕等。I’vewatchedhimonTVseveraltimes.【Multiplechoicequestions】3TimisinAustralia.Hewent___a___Australiasixmonthsago.a.tob.inc.atd.intoat…表示位置〔beat是典型表示位置的介詞短語〕goto…只要有to這個感念,它的后面一定要有賓語,gotothetheatergoin…(in做副詞)很少加賓語Hewentin.gointo…有去向的動作,還有進入的動作gointotheroommove常用的意義是“動”、“移動”，在表達“搬家”這個意思時move可以單獨使用，也可組成短語moveto，moveinto，movein，moveout。movein:搬進來movetothenewhouse:正在搬moveinto:搬進去了moveout搬走Jackhasmovedout.Johnwillmoveinthedayaftertomorrow.4TimisinAustralia.Howlong___b___there?a.isheb.hashebeenc.hashed.washehowlong...對段時間提問,跟現(xiàn)在完成時相連11HewillsoonvisitDarwin.HewillvisitDarwinc.a.quicklyb.forashorttimec.shortlyd.inahurryquickly指的是動作上的快Hewentquickly.forashorttime不久,表示動作延續(xù)一段時間soon=shortly不久以后,表示在這段時間之后，強調(diào)的是時間上的快inahurry:匆忙的〔指動作〕Lesson5Nowrongnumbers【Newwordsandexpressions】生詞和短語〔7〕pigeonn.鴿子messagen.信息coverv.越過distancen.距離requestn.要求，請求sparepart備件servicen.業(yè)務(wù)，效勞★pigeonn.鴿子It'snotmypigeon.＝Noneofmybusiness.不關(guān)我的事?！飉essagen.〔口頭或書面的〕信息Hereisamessageforyoufromyoursister.anoral/writtenmessage口信/便條leavesb.amessage給……留便條I'llleaveyouamessage.takeamessageforsb.替某人捎口信CanItakeamessageforyou?我能替你捎個口信嗎?Canyoutakeamessageforme?你能替我捎個口信嗎?takeamessagetosb.給某人口信打:Hello!--àMayIhaveawordwithTom?/MayIspeakwith/toTom?--àCanyoutakeamessageforme?informationn.信息〔不可數(shù)〕messengern.送信人，信使★coverv.越過；覆蓋①vt.蓋，覆蓋Snowcoveredthewholevillage.Shecoveredthechildwithacoat.她給孩子蓋了件外衣。②vt.行過〔一段距離〕，走過〔通常不用被動語態(tài)〕cover+距離越過……Youcancoverthedistancetothemuseumintenminutes.③n.覆蓋物，蓋子，罩子，套子Putacoveronthebox!★distancen.距離keepdistance保持距離distantadj.遠距離的CanIsharethistable?CanIjoinyou?importancen.重要importantadj.重要的differencen.不同differentadj.不同的★requestn.要求,請求①n.requestfor對……有請求,有需求Ihavearequestforthecake.Hegrantedmyrequestformoretime.他同意了我延長時間的請求。ShesentarequestforhelptoGary.她向加里請求幫助。②v.要求,請求requestsb.todosth.＝asksb.todosth.要求某人做……requiresb.todosth.要求某人做……Youarerequired/askedtodosth.〔對人要求習(xí)慣用被動語態(tài)〕★spareadj.備用的①vt.抽出〔時間等〕，讓給Haveyougotfiveminutestospare?Icannotsparethetime.Ihavenotimetospare.②vt.饒恕，赦免Therobberssparedhislife.‘Shareme!’beggedtheprisoner.③adj.多余的，空閑的，剩下的，備用的Youcansleepinthesparebedroom.WherecanIgetsparepartsforthismachine?Ihavenosparetimenow.‘Haveyouanyoldclothesthatyoudonotwant?’heasked.=‘Haveyouanyoldclothestospare?’heasked.★servicen.業(yè)務(wù),效勞service作為不可數(shù)名詞時通常用于表示旅館、餐館以及商店等對旅客、顧客等的侍候、接待或效勞；作為可數(shù)名詞時可以表示為幫助他人所采取的行動或所做的工作。Theserviceinthathotelisquitegood.Youhavedonemeagreatservice.service既可以指公用事業(yè)的業(yè)務(wù)，如：themailservice〔郵政業(yè)務(wù)〕、thetelephoneservice〔業(yè)務(wù)〕；也可指辦這些業(yè)務(wù)的機構(gòu)，如：atravelservice〔旅行社〕、anewsservice〔通訊社〕。Atyourservice.=Gladtobeatyourservice.=Iamgladtobeatyourservice.我很樂意為您效勞.servev.效勞,接待——Thankyou.——Youarewelcome.(下次又需要再來找我)/Notatall.(根本完全不用謝)/That's(all)right./That'sok.(絕對正確,絕對過時)/(It's)Mypleasure.(我很快樂這么做,把自己放得很低,把對方抬得很高)Thankyouforyourlistening.在講課,演講結(jié)束時說,即感謝大家的合作的概念〔應(yīng)以鼓掌回應(yīng)〕情急之下,可用Nothanks.答復(fù)——Sorry.——Nosorry.【Text】Mr.JamesScotthasagarageinSilburyandnowhehasjustboughtanothergarageinPinhurst.PinhurstisonlyfivemilesfromSilbury,butMr.Scottcannotgetatelephoneforhisnewgarage,sohehasjustboughttwelvepigeons.Yesterday,apigeoncarriedthefirstmessagefromPinhursttoSilbury.Thebirdcoveredthedistanceinthreeminutes.Uptonow,Mr.Scotthassentagreatmanyrequestsforsparepartsandotherurgentmessagesfromonegaragetotheother.Inthisway,hehasbegunhisownprivate'