中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理

中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle《中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理》一文旨在深入剖析中國政法體制的核心要素、運(yùn)行機(jī)制及其規(guī)范性原理，揭示中國政法體制在保障社會(huì)公正、促進(jìn)法治建設(shè)方面的重要作用。文章首先對(duì)中國政法體制的基本概念進(jìn)行界定，明確政法體制的內(nèi)涵與外延，進(jìn)而梳理中國政法體制的歷史沿革和發(fā)展脈絡(luò)，分析其在不同歷史階段的特點(diǎn)與變遷。在此基礎(chǔ)上，文章重點(diǎn)探討中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理，包括政法體制的制度設(shè)計(jì)、權(quán)力配置、運(yùn)行機(jī)制等方面，分析其在法治建設(shè)中的作用和意義。文章還將對(duì)中國政法體制面臨的挑戰(zhàn)與問題進(jìn)行分析，提出完善政法體制的建議和對(duì)策，以期為中國法治建設(shè)的深入發(fā)展提供理論支撐和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。Thearticle"NormativePrinciplesofChina'sPoliticalandLegalSystem"aimstodeeplyanalyzethecoreelements,operatingmechanisms,andnormativeprinciplesofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,andrevealtheimportantroleofChina'spoliticalandlegalsysteminensuringsocialjusticeandpromotingtheconstructionoftheruleoflaw.ThearticlefirstdefinesthebasicconceptsofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,clarifiestheconnotationandextensionofthepoliticalandlegalsystem,andthensortsoutthehistoricalevolutionanddevelopmentofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,analyzingitscharacteristicsandchangesindifferenthistoricalstages.Onthisbasis,thearticlefocusesonexploringthenormativeprinciplesofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,includingitsinstitutionaldesign,powerallocation,andoperationalmechanisms,andanalyzesitsroleandsignificanceintheconstructionoftheruleoflaw.ThearticlewillalsoanalyzethechallengesandproblemsfacedbyChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,proposesuggestionsandcountermeasurestoimprovethepoliticalandlegalsystem,inordertoprovidetheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidanceforthein-depthdevelopmentofChina'sruleoflawconstruction.二、中國政法體制的基本原則TheBasicPrinciplesofChina'sPoliticalandLegalSystem中國政法體制作為中國特色社會(huì)主義法治體系的重要組成部分，其基本原則體現(xiàn)了中國法治建設(shè)的獨(dú)特性和規(guī)律性。這些原則不僅指導(dǎo)著政法體制的實(shí)踐運(yùn)行，也為中國特色社會(huì)主義法治道路提供了理論支撐。TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystem,asanimportantcomponentofthesocialistruleoflawsystemwithChinesecharacteristics,reflectstheuniquenessandregularityofChina'sruleoflawconstructionthroughitsbasicprinciples.Theseprinciplesnotonlyguidethepracticaloperationofthepoliticalandlegalsystem,butalsoprovidetheoreticalsupportforthepathofsocialistruleoflawwithChinesecharacteristics.在中國政法體制中，黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)是最高政治原則。這一原則要求政法工作必須堅(jiān)持黨的絕對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，確保黨的路線、方針、政策在政法領(lǐng)域的全面貫徹和實(shí)施。黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)不僅體現(xiàn)在政法工作的方向把握和政策制定上，也體現(xiàn)在政法隊(duì)伍的建設(shè)和管理上。IntheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystem,theleadershipofthePartyisthehighestpoliticalprinciple.ThisprinciplerequiresthatpoliticalandlegalworkmustadheretotheabsoluteleadershipoftheParty,ensuringthecomprehensiveimplementationoftheParty'sline,principles,andpoliciesinthefieldofpoliticsandlaw.TheleadershipofthePartyisnotonlyreflectedinthedirectionofpoliticalandlegalworkandpolicyformulation,butalsointheconstructionandmanagementofthepoliticalandlegalteam.人民是法治建設(shè)的主體，也是法治成果的享有者。中國政法體制強(qiáng)調(diào)人民主體地位，堅(jiān)持法治為了人民、依靠人民、造福人民。政法工作必須堅(jiān)持以人民為中心，保障人民合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義。Thepeoplearethemainbodyoftheruleoflawconstructionandalsothebeneficiariesoftheachievementsoftheruleoflaw.TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystememphasizesthestatusofthepeopleasthemainbody,adherestotheruleoflawforthepeople,reliesonthepeople,andbenefitsthepeople.Politicalandlegalworkmustadheretoputtingthepeopleatthecenter,safeguardingtheirlegitimaterightsandinterests,andmaintainingsocialfairnessandjustice.憲法是國家的根本大法，具有最高的法律效力。中國政法體制堅(jiān)持憲法法律至上原則，要求所有政法活動(dòng)都必須在憲法和法律的框架內(nèi)進(jìn)行，任何組織和個(gè)人都不得超越憲法和法律的權(quán)限。這一原則保證了政法工作的合法性和公正性。TheConstitutionisthefundamentallawofacountryandhasthehighestlegaleffect.TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystemadherestotheprincipleofconstitutionalandlegalsupremacy,requiringallpoliticalandlegalactivitiestobecarriedoutwithintheframeworkoftheconstitutionandlaws,andnoorganizationorindividualshallexceedtheauthorityoftheconstitutionandlaws.Thisprincipleensuresthelegitimacyandimpartialityofpoliticalandlegalwork.政法機(jī)關(guān)依法獨(dú)立公正行使職權(quán)是保障法治實(shí)施的關(guān)鍵。中國政法體制強(qiáng)調(diào)政法機(jī)關(guān)應(yīng)當(dāng)獨(dú)立、公正地行使職權(quán)，不受任何非法干預(yù)。這一原則確保了政法機(jī)關(guān)能夠獨(dú)立、公正地處理案件，維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義。Theindependentandfairexerciseofpowersbypoliticalandlegalorgansinaccordancewiththelawisthekeytoensuringtheimplementationoftheruleoflaw.TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystememphasizesthatpoliticalandlegalorgansshouldexercisetheirpowersindependentlyandimpartially,withoutanyillegalinterference.Thisprincipleensuresthatpoliticalandlegalorganscanhandlecasesindependentlyandfairly,andmaintainsocialfairnessandjustice.權(quán)力制約與監(jiān)督是防止權(quán)力濫用、保障法治實(shí)施的重要手段。中國政法體制注重建立健全權(quán)力制約與監(jiān)督機(jī)制，通過內(nèi)部監(jiān)督、外部監(jiān)督等多種方式，確保政法權(quán)力在法治軌道上運(yùn)行。這一原則有效防止了政法權(quán)力的濫用和腐敗現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。Powerconstraintandsupervisionareimportantmeanstopreventabuseofpowerandensuretheimplementationoftheruleoflaw.TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystememphasizestheestablishmentandimprovementofpowerconstraintandsupervisionmechanisms,ensuringthatpoliticalandlegalpoweroperatesonthetrackoftheruleoflawthroughvariousmeanssuchasinternalandexternalsupervision.Thisprincipleeffectivelypreventstheabuseofpoliticalandlegalpowerandtheoccurrenceofcorruption.這些基本原則構(gòu)成了中國政法體制的規(guī)范性基礎(chǔ)，為中國特色社會(huì)主義法治建設(shè)提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的理論支撐和實(shí)踐指導(dǎo)。在實(shí)踐中，我們需要不斷深化對(duì)這些原則的理解和認(rèn)識(shí)，確保政法工作始終沿著正確的方向前進(jìn)。ThesebasicprinciplesconstitutethenormativefoundationofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,providingsolidtheoreticalsupportandpracticalguidancefortheconstructionofsocialistruleoflawwithChinesecharacteristics.Inpractice,weneedtocontinuouslydeepenourunderstandingandrecognitionoftheseprinciplestoensurethatpoliticalandlegalworkalwaysmovesintherightdirection.三、中國政法體制的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能TheStructureandFunctionofChina'sPoliticalandLegalSystem中國政法體制的結(jié)構(gòu)與功能，是其規(guī)范性原理的重要體現(xiàn)。政法體制的結(jié)構(gòu)，主要由立法、行政、司法三大支柱構(gòu)成，它們?cè)诟髯缘念I(lǐng)域內(nèi)發(fā)揮著獨(dú)特的功能，共同維持著法治秩序的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。ThestructureandfunctionofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystemareimportantmanifestationsofitsnormativeprinciples.Thestructureofthepoliticalandlegalsystemismainlycomposedofthreepillars:legislation,administration,andjudiciary,whichplayuniquefunctionsintheirrespectivefieldsandjointlymaintaintheoperationoftheruleoflaworder.立法機(jī)關(guān)在中國政法體制中扮演著“定規(guī)矩”的角色。全國人民代表大會(huì)及其常務(wù)委員會(huì)作為最高立法機(jī)構(gòu)，負(fù)責(zé)制定和修改憲法、法律，確立國家的基本制度和規(guī)則。立法機(jī)關(guān)通過立法活動(dòng)，將人民的意志上升為國家意志，為行政機(jī)關(guān)和司法機(jī)關(guān)提供行為準(zhǔn)則，從而確保國家權(quán)力在法治的軌道上運(yùn)行。ThelegislativebodyplaystheroleofsettingrulesinChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem.TheNationalPeople'sCongressanditsStandingCommittee,asthehighestlegislativebody,areresponsibleforformulatingandamendingtheConstitutionandlaws,establishingthebasicsystemandrulesofthecountry.Thelegislativebodyelevatesthewillofthepeopleintothewillofthestatethroughlegislativeactivities,providingbehavioralnormsforadministrativeandjudicialorgans,therebyensuringthatstatepoweroperatesonthetrackoftheruleoflaw.行政機(jī)關(guān)在中國政法體制中發(fā)揮著“執(zhí)行者”的作用。政府作為國家行政機(jī)關(guān)，負(fù)責(zé)執(zhí)行法律、法規(guī)和政策，管理國家事務(wù)和社會(huì)公共事務(wù)。行政機(jī)關(guān)通過依法行政，保障法律的有效實(shí)施，維護(hù)社會(huì)秩序和公共利益，同時(shí)也為司法機(jī)關(guān)提供必要的執(zhí)法支持。AdministrativeagenciesplaytheroleofexecutorsinChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem.Asanationaladministrativeorgan,thegovernmentisresponsibleforimplementinglaws,regulations,andpolicies,managingnationalaffairsandsocialpublicaffairs.Administrativeorgansensuretheeffectiveimplementationoflaws,maintainsocialorderandpublicinterests,andalsoprovidenecessarylawenforcementsupporttojudicialorgansthroughlawfuladministration.司法機(jī)關(guān)在中國政法體制中扮演著“定紛止?fàn)帯钡慕巧?。人民法院和人民檢察院作為司法機(jī)關(guān)，負(fù)責(zé)審判案件、監(jiān)督法律實(shí)施、維護(hù)社會(huì)公平正義。司法機(jī)關(guān)通過獨(dú)立行使審判權(quán)、檢察權(quán)，對(duì)行政行為和民事糾紛進(jìn)行公正裁判，保障公民、法人和其他組織的合法權(quán)益，維護(hù)社會(huì)和諧穩(wěn)定。Thejudicialorgansplaytheroleof"resolvingdisputesandstoppingdisputes"intheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystem.Thepeople'scourtsandprocuratorates,asjudicialorgans,areresponsibleforadjudicatingcases,supervisingtheimplementationoflaws,andmaintainingsocialfairnessandjustice.Thejudicialorgansindependentlyexercisetheirjudicialandprosecutorialpowerstomakefairjudgmentsonadministrativeactsandcivildisputes,safeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofcitizens,legalpersons,andotherorganizations,andmaintainsocialharmonyandstability.在中國政法體制中，立法、行政、司法三大支柱相互制約、相互協(xié)調(diào)，共同構(gòu)成了有機(jī)統(tǒng)一的整體。它們各自發(fā)揮著獨(dú)特的功能，共同推動(dòng)著法治建設(shè)的進(jìn)程。中國政法體制還注重發(fā)揮黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)作用，確保政法工作始終沿著正確的政治方向前進(jìn)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)與功能的有機(jī)結(jié)合，體現(xiàn)了中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理，也為實(shí)現(xiàn)國家治理體系和治理能力現(xiàn)代化提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的法治保障。IntheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystem,thethreepillarsoflegislation,administration,andjudiciaryaremutuallyconstrainedandcoordinated,forminganorganicandunifiedwhole.Theyeachplaytheiruniquefunctionsandjointlypromotetheprocessofruleoflawconstruction.TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystemalsoemphasizestheleadershiproleofthePartytoensurethatpoliticalandlegalworkalwaysmovesforwardinthecorrectpoliticaldirection.ThisorganiccombinationofstructureandfunctionreflectsthenormativeprinciplesofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,andalsoprovidesasolidlegalguaranteeforthemodernizationofthenationalgovernancesystemandgovernancecapacity.四、中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理TheNormativePrinciplesofChina'sPoliticalandLegalSystem中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理，主要體現(xiàn)在其獨(dú)特的法治理念、制度設(shè)計(jì)以及實(shí)踐操作中。這一原理不僅反映了中國社會(huì)的歷史傳統(tǒng)和現(xiàn)實(shí)需求，也體現(xiàn)了對(duì)現(xiàn)代法治精神的深入理解和積極實(shí)踐。ThenormativeprinciplesofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystemaremainlyreflectedinitsuniqueconceptofruleoflaw,institutionaldesign,andpracticaloperation.ThisprinciplenotonlyreflectsthehistoricaltraditionsandpracticalneedsofChinesesociety,butalsoreflectsadeepunderstandingandactivepracticeofthespiritofmodernruleoflaw.中國政法體制堅(jiān)持以人民為中心的發(fā)展思想，將保障人民權(quán)益作為法治建設(shè)的根本目標(biāo)。這體現(xiàn)在立法、執(zhí)法、司法等各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)，確保了法律的公正性和人民的參與性。TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystemadherestothedevelopmentconceptofputtingthepeopleatthecenter,andregardssafeguardingtherightsandinterestsofthepeopleasthefundamentalgoalofruleoflawconstruction.Thisisreflectedinvariousaspectssuchaslegislation,lawenforcement,andjudiciary,ensuringthefairnessofthelawandtheparticipationofthepeople.中國政法體制注重法律的統(tǒng)一性和權(quán)威性。通過完善立法體系，確保各項(xiàng)法律之間的協(xié)調(diào)性和一致性，避免了法律之間的沖突和矛盾。同時(shí)，通過加強(qiáng)法律執(zhí)行和司法審判的獨(dú)立性，維護(hù)了法律的權(quán)威性和公信力。TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystememphasizestheunityandauthorityofthelaw.Byimprovingthelegislativesystem,coordinationandconsistencyamongvariouslawshavebeenensured,avoidingconflictsandcontradictionsbetweenlaws.Atthesametime,bystrengtheningtheindependenceoflegalenforcementandjudicialtrial,theauthorityandcredibilityofthelawhavebeenmaintained.再次，中國政法體制強(qiáng)調(diào)法治與德治相結(jié)合。在堅(jiān)持法治原則的同時(shí)，注重道德教化和社會(huì)風(fēng)尚的引導(dǎo)，通過法律與道德的雙重約束，實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)的和諧穩(wěn)定。Onceagain,theChinesepoliticalandlegalsystememphasizesthecombinationofruleoflawandmoralgovernance.Whileadheringtotheprincipleoftheruleoflaw,wealsopayattentiontomoraleducationandtheguidanceofsocialnorms.Throughthedualconstraintsoflawandmorality,wecanachievesocialharmonyandstability.中國政法體制在不斷推進(jìn)法治現(xiàn)代化的過程中，積極借鑒國際先進(jìn)法治經(jīng)驗(yàn)，結(jié)合本國實(shí)際，不斷創(chuàng)新和完善法治體系。這既體現(xiàn)了中國政法體制的開放性和包容性，也展現(xiàn)了中國法治建設(shè)的自信和擔(dān)當(dāng)。IntheprocessofcontinuouslyadvancingthemodernizationoftheruleoflawinChina,thepoliticalandlegalsystemactivelydrawsonadvancedinternationallegalexperience,combineswiththeactualsituationofthecountry,andcontinuouslyinnovatesandimprovesthelegalsystem.ThisnotonlyreflectstheopennessandinclusivenessofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,butalsodemonstratestheconfidenceandresponsibilityofChina'sruleoflawconstruction.中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理是中國法治建設(shè)的核心和靈魂，它為中國社會(huì)的穩(wěn)定和發(fā)展提供了堅(jiān)實(shí)的法治保障。在未來的法治建設(shè)中，我們應(yīng)繼續(xù)堅(jiān)持和完善這一原理，推動(dòng)中國法治事業(yè)不斷向前發(fā)展。ThenormativeprinciplesofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystemarethecoreandsoulofChina'sruleoflawconstruction,providingasolidlegalguaranteeforthestabilityanddevelopmentofChinesesociety.Inthefutureconstructionoftheruleoflaw,weshouldcontinuetoadheretoandimprovethisprinciple,andpromotethecontinuousdevelopmentofChina'sruleoflawcause.五、中國政法體制的挑戰(zhàn)與改革TheChallengesandReformsofChina'sPoliticalandLegalSystem中國政法體制在保障國家法制統(tǒng)促進(jìn)社會(huì)公正、維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定等方面發(fā)揮了重要作用。然而，隨著社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展和國際形勢(shì)的不斷變化，它也面臨著一些挑戰(zhàn)。隨著中國法治化進(jìn)程的加快，人民群眾對(duì)司法公正、司法效率的要求越來越高，政法體制需要不斷提升自身的能力，滿足人民日益增長的需求。全球化背景下，法律制度的國際接軌和司法領(lǐng)域的國際合作成為必然趨勢(shì)，中國政法體制需要更好地融入國際法治體系。隨著信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，政法體制需要適應(yīng)信息化、智能化的發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，加強(qiáng)政法信息化建設(shè)，提高政法工作的科技含量。TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystemhasplayedanimportantroleinsafeguardingthenationallegalsystem,promotingsocialjustice,andmaintainingsocialstability.However,withtherapiddevelopmentofsocietyandthecontinuouschangesintheinternationalsituation,italsofacessomechallenges.WiththeaccelerationofChina'sruleoflawprocess,thepeople'sdemandsforjudicialfairnessandefficiencyareincreasing.Thepoliticalandlegalsystemneedstocontinuouslyimproveitsowncapabilitiestomeetthegrowingneedsofthepeople.Inthecontextofglobalization,theinternationalintegrationoflegalsystemsandinternationalcooperationinthejudicialfieldhavebecomeinevitabletrends,andChina'spoliticalandlegalsystemneedstobebetterintegratedintotheinternationalruleoflawsystem.Withtherapiddevelopmentofinformationtechnology,thepoliticalandlegalsystemneedstoadapttothetrendofinformatizationandintelligence,strengthentheconstructionofpoliticalandlegalinformatization,andimprovethetechnologicalcontentofpoliticalandlegalwork.面對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，中國政法體制需要進(jìn)行一系列的改革。需要推進(jìn)司法體制改革，優(yōu)化司法資源配置，提高司法公正性和效率。這包括完善審判制度、檢察制度，加強(qiáng)司法監(jiān)督，提高司法人員的專業(yè)素養(yǎng)和職業(yè)道德水平等。需要加強(qiáng)政法領(lǐng)域的國際合作，推動(dòng)中國法律制度的國際接軌。這包括加強(qiáng)與國際司法組織的交流合作，積極參與國際司法規(guī)則制定，提高中國在國際法治體系中的影響力和話語權(quán)。需要加強(qiáng)政法信息化建設(shè)，推動(dòng)政法工作與信息技術(shù)的深度融合。這包括加強(qiáng)政法信息化基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，推廣智能化技術(shù)應(yīng)用，提高政法工作的信息化水平等。Facedwiththesechallenges,China'spoliticalandlegalsystemneedstoundergoaseriesofreforms.Weneedtopromotejudicialsystemreform,optimizetheallocationofjudicialresources,andimprovejudicialfairnessandefficiency.Thisincludesimprovingthetrialandprosecutionsystems,strengtheningjudicialsupervision,andenhancingtheprofessionalcompetenceandethicallevelofjudicialpersonnel.Weneedtostrengtheninternationalcooperationinthefieldofpoliticsandlaw,andpromotetheinternationalintegrationofChina'slegalsystem.Thisincludesstrengtheningexchangesandcooperationwithinternationaljudicialorganizations,activelyparticipatingintheformulationofinternationaljudicialrules,andenhancingChina'sinfluenceanddiscoursepowerintheinternationallegalsystem.Weneedtostrengthentheconstructionofpoliticalandlegalinformatization,andpromotethedeepintegrationofpoliticalandlegalworkwithinformationtechnology.Thisincludesstrengtheningtheconstructionofpoliticalandlegalinformationinfrastructure,promotingtheapplicationofintelligenttechnology,andimprovingthelevelofinformatizationinpoliticalandlegalwork.中國政法體制在保障國家法制統(tǒng)促進(jìn)社會(huì)公正、維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定等方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。然而，面對(duì)社會(huì)發(fā)展和國際形勢(shì)的變化，它也面臨著一些挑戰(zhàn)。因此，需要不斷推進(jìn)司法體制改革、加強(qiáng)國際合作、加強(qiáng)信息化建設(shè)等措施，以應(yīng)對(duì)這些挑戰(zhàn)，推動(dòng)中國政法體制不斷完善和發(fā)展。TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystemplaysanimportantroleinsafeguardingthenationallegalsystem,promotingsocialjustice,andmaintainingsocialstability.However,facingsocialdevelopmentandchangesintheinternationalsituation,italsofacessomechallenges.Therefore,itisnecessarytocontinuouslypromotemeasuressuchasjudicialsystemreform,strengtheninginternationalcooperation,andenhancinginformationtechnologyconstructiontoaddressthesechallengesandpromotethecontinuousimprovementanddevelopmentofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem.六、結(jié)論Conclusion在深入探討了中國政法體制的規(guī)范性原理之后，我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一體制在維護(hù)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定、保障人民權(quán)益以及推動(dòng)法治建設(shè)方面發(fā)揮了不可或缺的作用。中國政法體制，根植于深厚的中華法律文化土壤，同時(shí)也不斷吸收和借鑒世界法治文明的優(yōu)秀成果，形成了獨(dú)具特色的法治道路。Afterin-depthexplorationofthenormativeprinciplesofChina'spoliticalandlegalsystem,itisnotdifficulttofindthatthissystemhasplayedanindispensableroleinmaintainingsocialstability,protectingpeople'srightsandinterests,andpromotingtheconstructionoftheruleoflaw.TheChinesepoliticalandlegalsystemisdeeplyrootedinthesoilofChineselegalculture,andatthesametime,itcontinuouslyabsorbsanddrawsontheexcellentachievementsofworldlegalcivilization,formingauniquepathofruleoflaw.規(guī)范性原理作為政法體制的核心，確保了法律制度的統(tǒng)一性和權(quán)威性。它要求政法機(jī)關(guān)在行使權(quán)力的過