英語語法定語從句詳解

DetailedExplanationofEnglishGrammarAttributiveClause目錄BasicconceptsofrelevantclausesRelativepronounsguiderelatedclausesRelativeadvisorsguiderelatedclausesPositions+relativepronounsguiderelativeclauses目錄AnalysisofSpecialTypeAttributiveClauseThedifferenceandconnectionbetweenrelativeandapparentclauses01BasicconceptsofrelevantclausesDefinitionAnattributeclause,alsoknownasanobjectiveclause,isadependentclausethatfunctionsasanobjectivetomodifyanounorpronouninthemainclauseFunctionItprovidesadditionalinformationaboutthenounorpronounitmodifications,suchasdescription,identification,orquantificationDefinitionandFunctionAntecedentThenounorpronouninthemainclausethattheattributiveclausemodificationsRelativepronounApronounthatintroducestheattributeclauseandrefersbacktotheantCommonrelativepronounsinclude"that,""which,""who,""who,""who,""who,""and"who."VerbTheverbintheattributiveclauseagreementswiththeantandcompletethethoughtoftheclauseOthermodifiersAdvantageous,preliminaryphrases,orotherobjectionsmayalsobeincludedintheattributiveclausetofurtherdescribetheantagonist01020304StructuralcompositionRestrictiveattributeclauseAclausethatisessentialtothemeaningofthepresenceandcannotberemovedwithoutchangingthemeaningItiscurrentlynotsetoffbycommasNonrestrictiveattributeclauseAclausethatprovidesadditional,nonessentialinformationabouttheantagonistItiscurrentlysetoffbycommandandcanberemovedwithoutchangingthebasicmeaningofthepresenceClassificationandcharacteristicsCharacteristics+Anattributiveclausealwayscontainsasubjectandaverb+ItcanbeintroducedbyarelativeprofessororarelativeadvisorClassificationandcharacteristics0102Classificationandcharacteristics+Theverbintheattributiveclausemustagreewiththeantinnumberandperson+Itcanmodifyeitheranounorapronoun02RelativepronounsguiderelatedclausesThat,which,who,whoExampleWhen,where,whyExampleWhatExampleThesearethemostcommonrelativeproofs"That"canrefertopeopleorthings,"which"commonlyreferstothings,and"who"and"who"refertopeople"ThebookthatIreadwasinteresting."/"Heisthemanwhohelpedme."Usedtoshowsessionorarelationshipbetweentwonouns"Thisisthehousewherewindowswerebroken."Theserelativepronounsareusedtointroducetransitionalclauses"Irememberthedaywhenwemet."/"Canyoutellmetheplacewhereyoubouncedit?"TypesandUsageofRelativePronounsSelectionofrelativepronunciationsinrestrictiverelativeclausesRestrictiverelativeclausesprovideessentialinformationaboutthenountheymodifyThechoiceofrelevantpronoundependsontheroleitplaysintheclauseSubject"that,""which,""who"Object"that,""which,""from"SelectionofrelativepronunciationsinrestrictiverelativeclausesPassive:"who"SelectionofrelativepronunciationsinrestrictiverelativeclausesExamples"Showmethephotoswhichyoulookat."(Inthiscase,"which"istheobjectoftheverb"look.")"ThebookthatIborrowedisexcessive."(Here,"that"isthesubjectoftheverb"borrowed.")"Iknowthemanwhocarwasstopped."SelectionofrelativepronunciationsinrestrictiverelativeclausesNonrestrictiverelativeclausesprovideadditional,nonessentialinformationaboutthenountheymodifyTheyaresetoffbycommasThesamerelativepronounscanbeusedasinrestrictiveclauses,buttheircommissionismorecommonininformationcontextsExamples"Mybrother,wholivesinNewYork,isadoctor."(Here,theinformationprovidedbytheclauseisnotessentialtoidentify"mybrother.")"Thecolorofthecarisnotessentialtoidentifyit,soit'sanonrestrictiveclause."Notethatinnonrestrictiveclauses,"that"isnotusedasarelativepronounTheuseofrelativepronunciationsinnonrestrictiverelativeclauses03RelativeadvisorsguiderelatedclausesRelativeadvertisementsarewordsthatconnectrelatedclausestomainclausesCommonrelativeadvertisementsinclude"where,""when,"and"why."TheseadvertisementsareusedtoprovideadditionalinformationaboutthenounorpronountheymodifyForexample,inthepresenceof"Irememberthedaywhenwefirstmet,"therelativeverb"when"connectstherelativeclause"wefirstmet"tothemainclause"Iremembertheday."RelativeadvertisementscanalsobeusedtointroducearelatedclausethatmodifiestheentiremainclauseForinstance,inthepresenceof"Tellmewhyyouarehere,""therelativeverb"why"introducestherelativeclause"youarehere,"whichmodifiestheentiremainclause"Tellme."Typesandusageofrelevantadvertisements

SelectionofrelevantadvertisementsinrestrictiveattributeclausesInrestrictiveattributeclauses,relevantadvertisementsareselectedbasedontheroletheyplayintheclauseForexample,"where"isusedforlocation,"when"fortime,and"why"forreasonTherelevantadverbshouldagreewiththeverbintherelevantclauseForinstance,iftheverbisinthepasttense,therelevantverbshouldalsobeinthepasttenseIt'simportanttonotethatnotallrelevantclausesrequirearelevantadvisorSometimes,therelativepronoun"that"canbeusedinsteadForexample,inthepresence"Myhome,whereIspendmychildhood,whichisabeautifulplace,"therelevantadvertisement"where"introducesthenonrestrictiveclause"Ispendmychildhood,"whichprovidesadditionalinformationabout"myhome."Innonrestrictiveattributeclauses,relevantadvertisementsprovideadditionalinformationthatisnotessentialtothemeaningofthesentenceTheyaresetoffbycommasRelativeadvertisementssuchas"where,""when,"and"why"canbeusedinnonrestrictiveclausestoprovidefurtherdetailsaboutthenounorpronountheymodifyTheuseofrelativeadvertisementsinnonrestrictiverelativeclauses04Positions+relativepronounsguiderelativeclausesSemanticroleofthepositionThepositionshouldbeselectedbasedonthesemanticroleitplaysinthepresence,suchasindicatingtime,place,direction,ormanagerCollaborationwithrelevantproofsCertainpositionsarecommonlylocatedwithspecificrelevantproofsForexample,"inwhich"oftensettlementswith"place"or"situation,"while"onwhich"settlementswith"day"or"Occasion."ContextclustersThecontextofthepresencecanprovideclustersforselectingtheappropriatepositionPayattentiontowordsorphrasesthatsuggestaspecificrelationshipbetweenthenounandtherestofthesentencePrinciplesandmethodsofpositionselection"Inwhich"Usedtorefertoasituation,environment,orplaceExample:"ThecityinwhichIliveisverybeautiful.""Atwhich"UsedtorefertoapointintimeoralocationExample:"Thehouratwhichthemeetingstartsis3PM.""Fromwhich"UsedtoindicatethesourceororiginofsomethingExample:"ThecompanyfromwhichIbouncetheproductoffersexcelcustomerservice.""Onwhich"UsedtorefertoaspecificdayorOccasionExample:"ThedayonwhichwemetwasarainySunday."CommonpositionalsettlementsandtheirmeaningsAverageredundancy:It'simportanttoavoidredundancywhenusingpositionsandrelatedpromotionstogetherForexample,insteadofsaying"theboxinwhichthebookis,"youcansimplifyitto"theboxthatcontainsthebook."Distinguishingbetween"that"and"which":Ingeneral,"that"isusedforrestrictiveclauses(essentialinformation),while"which"isusedfornonrestrictiveclauses(additionalinformation)However,insomecases,"which"canbeusedinterchangeablywith"that,"dependingonthecontextandstyleofwritingBeMindfulofPuncture:PuncturemarkssuchascommoncanaffectthemeaningandinterpretationofrelevantclausesMakesuretousethemcorrectlytoconfessyourintendedmeaningNotesandMiscellaneousTips05AnalysisofSpecialTypeAttributiveClauseDefinitionAdividedrelativeclauseisatypeofattributiveclauseinwhichtherelativeprofessororrelativeadvocateisseparatedfromtherestoftheclausebyotherwordsorphrasesExample"Thebook,whichIborrowedfromthelibrary,isveryinteresting."ExplanationInthisexample,thedividedrelativeclauseis"whichIborrowedfromthelibrary."Therelativeproposal"which"refersto"thebook,"andtheclauseisdividedbythepreliminaryphrase"fromthelibrary."Dividedrelativeclause010203DefinitionAnestedrelativeclauseisatypeofattributiveclausethatcontainsanotherrelativeclausewithinitExample"Themanwholivesinthehousethatispaintedblueismyneighbor."ExplanationInthisexample,thenecessaryrelativeclauseis"thatispaintedblue."Itisnecessarywithinthemainrelativeclause"wholivesinthehouse."Bothclausesmodify"theman."NestedrelativeclauseAnellipsisrelatedclauseisatypeofattributiveclauseinwhichsomewordsarecommittedforbrevityorclaim"Ihavetwosisters,onedoctorandtheotheralawyer."Inthisexample,theellipsisrelatedclauseis"onedoctorandtheotheralawyer."Thecommittedwordsare"is"and"is."Theclausemodifications"twosisters"andindicatorsthatonesisterisadoctorandtheotherisalawyerDefinitionExampleExplanationEllip