英語簡單句課件unit

EnglishSimpleSentenceCoursewareUnit目錄OverviewofSimpleEnglishSentencesBasicTypesofEnglishSimpleSentencesSenseandvoiceofsimpleEnglishsentencesTheMoodandModalityofSimpleEnglishSentences目錄EllipsisandInversionofSimpleEnglishSentencesRhetoricaldevicesforsimpleEnglishsenses01OverviewofSimpleEnglishSentencesSimplesensesarebasicunitsoflanguagethatexpressacompletethoughtTheytypicallybelieveofasubjectandapredicateandcanbeeitherdeclarative,intrusive,imperiative,ordeclarativeSimplesensesareoftenshorterandmoredirectthancomplexsenses,makingthemeasiertounderstandanduseineverydaycommunicationDefinitionandcharacteristicsSubjectThesubjectofasimplepresenceisthenounorpronounthatperformstheactionoristhefocusofthepresenceItanswersthequestion"who?"or"what?"PredictionThepredictionofasimplepresenceincludestheverbandanyobjectsorcompletenessthatcompletesthethoughtexpressedbythesubjectItanswersthequestion"Whathappened?"or"Whatishappening?"OtherelementsSimplesensescanalsoincludeobjectives,advertisements,andothermodifiersthatdescribethesubject,verb,orobjectsinmoredetailSentenceStructureExpressionsDeclarativesensesInterrogtivesensesImperativesensesExceptionalsensesThesesensesmakeastatementorassignmentForexample,"Thecatisonthemat."ThesesensesaskaquestionForexample,"Whereisthecat?"ThesesensesgiveacommandorrequestForexample,"Putthecatonthemat."ThesesensesexpressstrongemotionorexceptionForexample,"Thecatisonthemat!"02BasicTypesofEnglishSimpleSentencesSubject+predictInthispresence,"she"isthesubjectand"singles"isthepredicateThepredictexpressionsanactionorstateofbeingaboutthesubjectExplanationAsimplepresencestructurethatconsistencyofasubjectandapredicate,expressingacompletethoughtDefinition"Shesings."ExampleDefinition01Asimplepresencestructurethatincludesasubject,predict,andanobject,whichreceivestheactionofthepredictExample02"Johnreadsabook."Explanation03Inthispresence,"John"isthesubject,"reads"isthepredicate,and"abook"istheobjectTheobject"abook"receivestheactionofthepredicate"reads"Subject+predict+objectAsimplepresencestructurethatincludesasubject,predict,directobject,andadirectobjectTheindirectobjecttypicallyreceivestheactionindirectly,whilethedirectobjectreceivesitdirectly"MarygiveJohnapen."Inthispresence,"Mary"isthesubject,"play"isthepredicate,"John"istheindirectobject,and"apen"isthedirectobjectTheindirectobject"John"receivedtheactionofgivingindirectly,whilethedirectobject"apen"receiveditdirectlyDefinitionExampleExplanationSubject+predict+directobject+directobjectAsimplepresencestructurethatincludesasubject,predicate,object,andanobjectcompletionwhichcompletesthemeaningoftheobject"Theyselectedhispresence."Inthispresence,"they"arethesubject,"selected"isthepredicate,"him"istheobject,and"present"istheobjectcompletionTheobjectcompletion"present"completesthemeaningoftheobject"his",indicatinghisnewpositionorstatusDefinitionExampleExplanationSubject+predict+object+objectcompletion03SenseandvoiceofsimpleEnglishsentencesDefinitionoftense:Tensereferstothetimeoftheactionorstatedescribedbyaverbinasense,whichcanbedividedintothreecategories:presenttense,pasttense,andfuturetenseOverviewandclassificationoftensionsClassificationoftensionsPresenttense:DescribeactionsorstatesthatarehappeningorexistingnowPasttense:DescribesactionsorstatesthathavealreadyappearedorexistingFuturetense:Describeactionsorstatesthatwillhappenorexistinthefuture01020304OverviewandclassificationoftensionsPresenttenseusageTodescribeactionsorstatesthatarehappeningorexistingnowPresenttenseandpasttenseusageToexpressgeneraltruthsorhatsTopresentstoriesinthepresentationtimePresenttenseandpasttenseusagePasttenseusageToexpresspastexperiences,memories,orhistoricaleventsTodescribeactionsorstatesthathavealreadyhappenedorexistTorentstoriesinthepasttimePresenttenseandpasttenseusageRepresentationmethodsoffuturetenseWill+verb(baseform):ExpressionsafutureactionorstatewithahighdegreeofintegrityBegoingto+verb(baseform):ExpressionsafutureactionorstatewithaplanorintentionFuturetenserepresentationmethodanditsapplicationPresentcontinuoustense:CanbeusedtoexpressafuturearrangementFuturetenserepresentationmethodanditsapplication02030401FuturetenserepresentationmethodanditsapplicationApplicationoffuturetenseTomakepredictionsorexpressexpectationsaboutthefutureToexpressplans,intentions,orarrangementsforthefutureTonarrativestoriesthatwillhappeninthefutureCompositionofpassivevoiceBe+pastparticleoftheverb:Thisisthebasicstructureofpassivevoice,where"be"istheauxiliaryverbandthepastparticleoftheverbexpressestheactionBy+agent:Ifthedoeroftheactionisknown,itcanbeintroducedby"by"followedbythenounorpronounreproducingthedoerTheCompositionandApplicationofPassiveVoice010204TheCompositionandApplicationofPassiveVoiceApplicationofpassivevoiceTofocusonthereceiveroftheactioninsteadofthedoerToexpressageneraltruthorfactaboutsomethingbeingdoneToavoidmentioningthedoerwhenitisunknownorunimportant0304TheMoodandModalityofSimpleEnglishSentences03ExceptionalsensesTheyexpressstrongemotionorexceptionExample:"Ican'tbelieveyoudidthat!"01DeclarativeintentionsTheymakeastatementorassignmentExample:"Iamgoingtothestore."02InterrogtivesensesTheyaskaquestionExample:"Areyoucomingwithme?"Declarative,aggressive,andexplicitsensesTheycanalsoexpressstrongemotionslikeangerorfrostExample:"Stoptalking!"ImperativesensesofendwithanexceptionpointtoemphasizethecommandorrequestImperativesensesgiveacommandorrequestExample:"Pleaseclosethedoor."ThestructureandusageofintrinsicsensesModalverbsareusedtoexpresslikelihood,necessity,permission,opposition,ability,andmoreModalverbsexpressmodularity,whichisthespeaker'stitleoropinionabouttheactionorstatedescribedbythemainverbTheyincludewordslike"can,""could,""may,""right,""must,""rightto,""should,""will,"and"would."TheMeansandUsageofModalVerbsThesubcriticalmoodisusedtoexpresswishes,hypotheses,orconditionsthatarecontemporarytofactItisoftenusedinconjunctionwith"if"or"wish"toexpressacontemporarytofactconditionExample:"IfIwereyou,Iwouldgo."ThesubjunctionmoodcanalsobeusedtoexpressadesireorpreferenceExample:"IwishIcouldfly."Theuseofsubconjunctivemoodinsimplesenses05EllipsisandInversionofSimpleEnglishSentencesEllipsisreferstothecommissionofreceivedwordsorphrasesinasense,whichdoesnotaffectthemeaningofthepresenceCommonellipsisphenolmenaincludesomittingpronouns,verbs,positions,connections,etcTheprincipleofellipsisistoavoidrepetitionandredundancy,andtomakethepresencemoreconsistentandclearOmittingphenomenonandprinciplesInversionreferstotherealityofthewordorderinasense,whichisdifferentfromthenormalwordorderPartialinversiononlyinverspartofthepresence,suchasadvertisementsorsubjectverbinversionTherearetwotypesofinversion:partialandcompleteinversionCompleteinversioninvertstheentirepresence,suchassubjectverbobjectinversionInversionphenomenonandclassification01Partialinversiononlychangesthepositionofreceivedwordsorphrases,whilecompletingtheinversionchangesthepositionoftheentiresentence02PartialinversionismorecommoninEnglishsenses,whilecompleteinversionisrelativelyrare03Partialinversioncanbeusedforemphasisorpsychologicaleffects,whilecompleteinversionisoftenusedforspecialgraphicalstructuresorpsychologicaldevicesThedifferencebetweenpartiallyinvestedandcompletelyinvestedEllipsisandinversioncanmakesensesmorereasonandclear,avoidingredundancyandrepetitionTheycanalsobeusedforemphasisorpsychologicaleffect,makingthelanguagemorevividandexpressiveHowever,overlapofellipsisandinversionmaycausefusionormisunderstanding,sotheyshouldbeusedappropriatelyaccordingtocontextandpurposeTheuseofellipsisandconversionincommunication06RhetoricaldevicesforsimpleEnglishsensesMethodologyAmethodologyisafigureofspeechthatcomparestwounlikethingswithoutusingthewords"like"or"as."Forexample,"Sheisarayofsunshineinmylife"comparesapersontosunshinewithoutexplicitlystatingthecomparisonSimilesUnlikemethodologies,sistersclearlycomparetwounlikethingsusingthewords"like"or"as."Forinstance,"Hersmilewaslikeawarmsummerday"directlycomparesasmiletoawarmdayPersonalityThisdevic