城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異基于OaxacaBlinder和Quantile方法的分解VIP

城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異基于OaxacaBlinder和Quantile方法的分解一、本文概述Overviewofthisarticle隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展，人口流動(dòng)成為了一種常態(tài)，城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差距問(wèn)題也逐漸凸顯。這種收入差異不僅關(guān)系到社會(huì)公平與和諧，也是影響我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展的重要因素。因此，深入探討城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異及其形成機(jī)制，對(duì)于制定更加精準(zhǔn)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策具有重要的理論和實(shí)踐意義。WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomyandsociety,populationmobilityhasbecomeanorm,andtheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmobilepopulationshasgraduallybecomeprominent.Thisincomegapisnotonlyrelatedtosocialequityandharmony,butalsoanimportantfactoraffectingthesustainedandhealthydevelopmentofChina'seconomy.Therefore,in-depthexplorationoftheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmobilepopulationsanditsformationmechanismisofgreattheoreticalandpracticalsignificanceforformulatingmoreprecisesocio-economicpolicies.本文旨在通過(guò)Oaxaca-Blinder分解和Quantile分解方法，對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異進(jìn)行全面而深入的分析。我們將利用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法，從整體層面探討收入差異的來(lái)源，包括由個(gè)人特征差異引起的可解釋部分和由歧視等不可控因素引起的不可解釋部分。然后，通過(guò)Quantile分解方法，我們將進(jìn)一步分析不同收入分位點(diǎn)上收入差異的變化趨勢(shì)及其影響因素，從而揭示收入差異的內(nèi)在結(jié)構(gòu)。Thisarticleaimstoconductacomprehensiveandin-depthanalysisoftheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulationthroughOaxacaBlinderdecompositionandQuantiledecompositionmethods.WewillusetheOaxacaBlinderdecompositionmethodtoexplorethesourcesofincomedifferencesataholisticlevel,includingtheexplainablepartscausedbyindividualdifferencesandtheunexplainablepartscausedbyuncontrollablefactorssuchasdiscrimination.Then,usingtheQuantiledecompositionmethod,wewillfurtheranalyzethetrendsandinfluencingfactorsofincomedifferencesatdifferentincomepercentiles,inordertorevealtheinherentstructureofincomedifferences.通過(guò)這兩種方法的結(jié)合應(yīng)用，我們希望能夠更加準(zhǔn)確地識(shí)別出影響城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口收入差異的關(guān)鍵因素，為政府制定相關(guān)政策提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文的研究結(jié)果也將為學(xué)術(shù)界提供豐富的實(shí)證資料和理論支持，推動(dòng)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的深入研究。Bycombiningthesetwomethods,wehopetomoreaccuratelyidentifythekeyfactorsaffectingtheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulations,andprovidescientificbasisforthegovernmenttoformulaterelevantpolicies.Theresearchresultsofthisarticlewillalsoproviderichempiricaldataandtheoreticalsupportfortheacademiccommunity,promotingin-depthresearchinrelatedfields.二、文獻(xiàn)綜述Literaturereview隨著城市化進(jìn)程的加速，城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差異問(wèn)題逐漸凸顯，成為社會(huì)各界關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。在經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)領(lǐng)域，針對(duì)這一問(wèn)題的研究層出不窮，主要圍繞著收入差距的來(lái)源、形成機(jī)制及縮小差距的對(duì)策展開(kāi)。Withtheaccelerationofurbanization,theissueofincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandfloatingpopulationhasgraduallybecomeafocusofattentionfromallsectorsofsociety.Inthefieldofeconomics,researchonthisissueisconstantlyemerging,mainlyfocusingonthesources,formationmechanisms,andstrategiestonarrowtheincomegap.早期研究多側(cè)重于定性分析，通過(guò)對(duì)不同群體特征的描述來(lái)探討收入差異的原因。然而，這種方法往往無(wú)法深入揭示收入差距的內(nèi)在機(jī)制。隨著計(jì)量經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的發(fā)展，越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者開(kāi)始運(yùn)用定量分析方法，如Oaxaca-Blinder分解和Quantile分解，來(lái)深入剖析收入差異的來(lái)源。Earlyresearchoftenfocusedonqualitativeanalysis,exploringthereasonsforincomedifferencesbydescribingthecharacteristicsofdifferentgroups.However,thismethodoftenfailstorevealtheunderlyingmechanismsofincomeinequalityindepth.Withthedevelopmentofeconometrics,moreandmorescholarsareusingquantitativeanalysismethods,suchasOaxacaBlinderdecompositionandQuantiledecomposition,todeeplyanalyzethesourcesofincomedifferences.Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法通過(guò)將收入差距分解為可解釋部分和不可解釋部分，有助于我們理解不同群體間收入差距的成因。該方法自提出以來(lái)，在勞動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、種族歧視等領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛應(yīng)用。近年來(lái)，該方法也被引入到對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口收入差異的研究中，為揭示收入差距的成因提供了新的視角。TheOaxacaBlinderdecompositionmethodhelpsusunderstandthecausesofincomedisparitiesbetweendifferentgroupsbydecomposingthemintointerpretableandinexplicableparts.Sinceitsproposal,thismethodhasbeenwidelyappliedinfieldssuchaslaboreconomicsandracialdiscrimination.Inrecentyears,thismethodhasalsobeenintroducedintothestudyofincomedisparitiesbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulations,providinganewperspectiveforrevealingthecausesofincomedisparities.Quantile分解方法則側(cè)重于從分布的角度分析收入差距，它能夠?qū)⒖傮w收入差距分解為不同分位點(diǎn)上的收入差距，從而揭示出不同收入水平上收入差距的變化趨勢(shì)。這種方法對(duì)于全面理解收入差異問(wèn)題具有重要意義，尤其是在研究流動(dòng)人口這一特殊群體時(shí)，能夠更加準(zhǔn)確地反映其收入分布的特點(diǎn)。TheQuantiledecompositionmethodfocusesonanalyzingincomeinequalityfromadistributionperspective.Itcandecomposetheoverallincomeinequalityintoincomedisparitiesatdifferentquantiles,therebyrevealingthetrendofincomeinequalitychangesatdifferentincomelevels.Thismethodisofgreatsignificanceforacomprehensiveunderstandingofincomeinequality,especiallywhenstudyingthespecialgroupoffloatingpopulation,whichcanmoreaccuratelyreflectthecharacteristicsoftheirincomedistribution.綜合國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀來(lái)看，雖然已有大量文獻(xiàn)關(guān)注城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異問(wèn)題，但仍有待于進(jìn)一步深化。一方面，現(xiàn)有研究多關(guān)注于收入差距的總體水平，而對(duì)收入差距在不同收入水平上的變化趨勢(shì)研究較少；另一方面，針對(duì)不同地區(qū)的實(shí)證研究仍需加強(qiáng)，以便為政策制定提供更加具體的參考依據(jù)。因此，本文旨在綜合運(yùn)用Oaxaca-Blinder分解和Quantile分解方法，深入剖析城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異問(wèn)題，以期為縮小收入差距、促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平提供有益的政策建議。Basedonthecurrentresearchstatusbothdomesticallyandinternationally,althoughalargeamountofliteraturehasfocusedontheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulations,furtherdeepeningisstillneeded.Ontheonehand,existingresearchmainlyfocusesontheoveralllevelofincomeinequality,whilethereisrelativelylittleresearchonthetrendofincomeinequalitychangesatdifferentincomelevels;Ontheotherhand,empiricalresearchondifferentregionsstillneedstobestrengthenedinordertoprovidemorespecificreferencebasisforpolicy-making.Therefore,thisarticleaimstocomprehensivelyapplytheOaxacaBlinderdecompositionandQuantiledecompositionmethodstodeeplyanalyzetheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmobilepopulations,inordertoprovideusefulpolicyrecommendationsfornarrowingtheincomegapandpromotingsocialequity.三、研究方法與數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源Researchmethodsanddatasources本研究旨在深入剖析城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差異，并采用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法和Quantile分解方法兩種手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這一目標(biāo)。Theaimofthisstudyistodeeplyanalyzetheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmobilepopulations,andtoachievethisgoalusingtwomethods:OaxacaBlinderdecompositionmethodandQuantiledecompositionmethod.Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法：該方法是由Oaxaca(1973)和Blinder(1973)提出的，用于分解兩組人群之間的平均收入差異。它可以將這一差異分解為兩部分：一部分是由于兩組人群特征分布不同（即“可解釋”或“端生”部分），另一部分則是由于在給定特征下兩組人群的平均收入差異（即“不可解釋”或“歧視”部分）。這種方法可以幫助我們更好地理解收入差異的來(lái)源，從而為政策制定提供指導(dǎo)。OaxacaBlinderdecompositionmethod:ThismethodwasproposedbyOaxaca(1973)andBlinder(1973)todecomposetheaverageincomedifferencebetweentwogroupsofpeople.Itcandecomposethisdifferenceintotwoparts:oneisduetothedifferentdistributionofcharacteristicsbetweenthetwogroupsofpeople(i.e.the"explainable"or"terminal"part),andtheotherisduetotheaverageincomedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofpeopleundergivencharacteristics(i.e.the"unexplainable"or"discriminatory"part).Thismethodcanhelpusbetterunderstandthesourcesofincomedisparitiesandprovideguidanceforpolicy-making.Quantile分解方法：與Oaxaca-Blinder方法不同，Quantile分解方法關(guān)注不同收入分布位置的差異。該方法通過(guò)比較不同分位點(diǎn)上的收入差異，可以更全面地揭示城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口在整個(gè)收入分布上的差異。Quantile分解還可以幫助我們了解這些差異在不同收入水平上的變化情況，從而提供更豐富的信息。Quantiledecompositionmethod:UnlikeOaxacaBlindermethod,Quantiledecompositionmethodfocusesonthedifferencesinincomedistributionpositions.Thismethodcanmorecomprehensivelyrevealthedifferencesinincomedistributionbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulationsbycomparingincomedifferencesatdifferentpercentiles.Quantiledecompositioncanalsohelpusunderstandthechangesinthesedifferencesatdifferentincomelevels,therebyprovidingricherinformation.數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源：本研究使用的數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)自中國(guó)國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)局發(fā)布的官方調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)。我們選擇了覆蓋全國(guó)多個(gè)地區(qū)、涵蓋不同年齡段和職業(yè)類(lèi)別的樣本，以確保數(shù)據(jù)的代表性和準(zhǔn)確性。數(shù)據(jù)處理和分析過(guò)程遵循嚴(yán)格的方法論，以確保結(jié)果的可靠性和有效性。Datasource:ThedatausedinthisstudycomesfromofficialsurveydatareleasedbytheNationalBureauofStatisticsofChina.Wehaveselectedsamplescoveringmultipleregionsacrossthecountry,coveringdifferentagegroupsandoccupationalcategories,toensuretherepresentativenessandaccuracyofthedata.Thedataprocessingandanalysisprocessfollowsstrictmethodologytoensurethereliabilityandeffectivenessoftheresults.通過(guò)結(jié)合Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法和Quantile分解方法，本研究旨在全面、深入地剖析城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差異，并為相關(guān)政策制定提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。通過(guò)利用官方調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)作為數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源，我們確保了研究的可靠性和有效性。BycombiningtheOaxacaBlinderdecompositionmethodandtheQuantiledecompositionmethod,thisstudyaimstocomprehensivelyanddeeplyanalyzetheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmobilepopulations,andprovidescientificbasisforrelevantpolicyformulation.Byutilizingofficialsurveydataasadatasource,weensuredthereliabilityandeffectivenessofourresearch.四、實(shí)證分析Empiricalanalysis為了深入探究城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差異，本文采用了Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法和Quantile分解方法進(jìn)行了實(shí)證分析。這兩種方法均有助于我們更全面地理解收入差異的來(lái)源，從而提出更有針對(duì)性的政策建議。Inordertofurtherexploretheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmobilepopulations,thisarticleconductedempiricalanalysisusingOaxacaBlinderdecompositionmethodandQuantiledecompositionmethod.Bothofthesemethodshelpustohaveamorecomprehensiveunderstandingofthesourcesofincomedisparities,thusproposingmoretargetedpolicyrecommendations.我們利用Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法，將城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異分解為可解釋部分和不可解釋部分?？山忉尣糠种饕傅氖怯捎趥€(gè)人特征（如教育程度、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)、性別等）差異所導(dǎo)致的收入差異，而不可解釋部分則反映了歧視或其他未觀(guān)測(cè)到的因素對(duì)收入差異的影響。通過(guò)這種方法，我們可以清晰地看到個(gè)人特征差異在收入差異中的貢獻(xiàn)度。WeusetheOaxacaBlinderdecompositionmethodtodecomposetheincomedifferencebetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulationintoexplainableandunexplainableparts.Theexplainablepartmainlyreferstoincomedifferencescausedbypersonalcharacteristics(suchaseducationlevel,workexperience,gender,etc.),whiletheunexplainablepartreflectstheimpactofdiscriminationorotherunobservedfactorsonincomedifferences.Throughthismethod,wecanclearlyseethecontributionofindividualcharacteristicdifferencesinincomedifferences.我們運(yùn)用Quantile分解方法，進(jìn)一步分析了不同收入分位點(diǎn)上城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異。這種方法可以幫助我們了解在不同收入水平上，哪些因素是導(dǎo)致收入差異的主要原因。通過(guò)對(duì)比不同分位點(diǎn)的分解結(jié)果，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著收入水平的提高，某些因素的影響力可能會(huì)發(fā)生變化。WeusedtheQuantiledecompositionmethodtofurtheranalyzetheincomedifferencesbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulationsatdifferentincomepercentiles.Thismethodcanhelpusunderstandwhichfactorsarethemaincausesofincomedisparitiesatdifferentincomelevels.Bycomparingthedecompositionresultsofdifferentquantiles,wecanfindthattheinfluenceofcertainfactorsmaychangewiththeincreaseofincomelevel.通過(guò)實(shí)證分析，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)教育程度、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)和性別等個(gè)人特征差異是導(dǎo)致城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口收入差異的重要因素。其中，教育程度的差異對(duì)收入差異的貢獻(xiàn)度最大，這表明提高流動(dòng)人口的教育水平是縮小收入差異的重要途徑。我們還發(fā)現(xiàn)不可解釋部分在收入差異中也占據(jù)一定比重，這提示我們?cè)谥贫ㄕ邥r(shí)應(yīng)關(guān)注消除歧視和提供平等機(jī)會(huì)的問(wèn)題。Throughempiricalanalysis,wefoundthatdifferencesinpersonalcharacteristicssuchaseducationlevel,workexperience,andgenderareimportantfactorsleadingtoincomedisparitiesbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulations.Amongthem,thedifferenceineducationlevelhasthegreatestcontributiontotheincomegap,indicatingthatimprovingtheeducationlevelofthefloatingpopulationisanimportantwaytonarrowtheincomegap.Wealsofoundthatunexplainablefactorsalsoaccountforacertainproportionofincomedisparities,whichsuggeststhatwhenformulatingpolicies,weshouldpayattentiontoeliminatingdiscriminationandprovidingequalopportunities.在不同收入分位點(diǎn)的分析中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)低收入水平上個(gè)人特征差異對(duì)收入差異的影響更大，而在高收入水平上不可解釋部分的影響力有所增強(qiáng)。這表明在低收入群體中，通過(guò)提升個(gè)人特征來(lái)縮小收入差異的效果可能更為顯著；而在高收入群體中，除了個(gè)人努力外，還需要關(guān)注社會(huì)環(huán)境、政策制定等因素對(duì)收入差異的影響。Intheanalysisofdifferentincomepercentiles,wefoundthatindividualcharacteristicdifferenceshaveagreaterimpactonincomedifferencesatlowincomelevels,whiletheinfluenceofunexplainablepartsisenhancedathighincomelevels.Thisindicatesthatinlow-incomegroups,theeffectofnarrowingincomedisparitiesbyenhancingpersonalcharacteristicsmaybemoresignificant;Inhigh-incomegroups,inadditiontoindividualefforts,itisalsonecessarytopayattentiontotheimpactofsocialenvironment,policyformulation,andotherfactorsonincomeinequality.本文的實(shí)證分析揭示了城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口收入差異的來(lái)源及其在不同收入分位點(diǎn)上的變化。這些發(fā)現(xiàn)為我們制定有針對(duì)性的政策提供了重要依據(jù)，有助于縮小城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差距，實(shí)現(xiàn)更加公平的社會(huì)發(fā)展。Theempiricalanalysisinthisarticlerevealsthesourcesofincomedifferencesbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulations,aswellastheirchangesatdifferentincomepercentiles.Thesefindingsprovideimportantbasisforustoformulatetargetedpolicies,whichcanhelpnarrowtheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulations,andachievemoreequitablesocialdevelopment.五、結(jié)果討論Resultdiscussion本研究通過(guò)Oaxaca-Blinder和Quantile方法，深入探討了城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差異問(wèn)題。分析結(jié)果顯示，兩組人群在收入水平上確實(shí)存在顯著的差距，而這種差距不僅源于他們各自?xún)?nèi)部的特征差異，也與他們面臨的外部環(huán)境和制度性因素有關(guān)。ThisstudyusedOaxacaBlinderandQuantilemethodstoexploretheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmobilepopulationsindepth.Theanalysisresultsshowthatthereisindeedasignificantdifferenceinincomelevelsbetweenthetwogroupsofpeople,whichisnotonlyduetodifferencesintheirinternalcharacteristics,butalsorelatedtotheexternalenvironmentandinstitutionalfactorstheyface.在Oaxaca-Blinder分解中，我們觀(guān)察到特征效應(yīng)和系數(shù)效應(yīng)對(duì)收入差異的貢獻(xiàn)度。特征效應(yīng)反映了兩組人群因自身特征（如教育程度、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)等）不同而產(chǎn)生的收入差距，而系數(shù)效應(yīng)則揭示了由于外部環(huán)境和制度性因素（如就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)、社會(huì)福利等）導(dǎo)致的收入差距。這為我們提供了深入理解收入差異成因的視角。IntheOaxacaBlinderdecomposition,weobservedthecontributionoffeatureeffectsandcoefficienteffectstoincomedifferences.Thecharacteristiceffectreflectstheincomegapbetweentwogroupsofpeopleduetotheirdifferentcharacteristics(suchaseducationlevel,workexperience,etc.),whilethecoefficienteffectrevealstheincomegapcausedbyexternalenvironmentandinstitutionalfactors(suchasemploymentopportunities,socialwelfare,etc.).Thisprovidesuswithadeeperunderstandingofthecausesofincomedisparities.進(jìn)一步地，Quantile方法的運(yùn)用使我們能夠更細(xì)致地探討不同收入分位點(diǎn)上城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差距。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，在不同分位點(diǎn)上，收入差異的構(gòu)成和影響因素有所不同。這提示我們，在制定旨在縮小收入差距的政策時(shí)，需要考慮到不同收入群體的特點(diǎn)和需求，實(shí)施更具針對(duì)性的措施。Furthermore,theapplicationoftheQuantilemethodenablesustoexploreinmoredetailtheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulationsatdifferentincomepercentiles.Wefoundthatthecompositionandinfluencingfactorsofincomedifferencesvaryatdifferentquantiles.Thisremindsusthatwhenformulatingpoliciesaimedatnarrowingtheincomegap,weneedtoconsiderthecharacteristicsandneedsofdifferentincomegroupsandimplementmoretargetedmeasures.總體而言，本研究的結(jié)果表明，要有效縮小城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差距，需要從多方面入手。一方面，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)流動(dòng)人口的教育和技能培訓(xùn)，提高他們的自身素質(zhì)和市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力；另一方面，也需要優(yōu)化就業(yè)環(huán)境，提高社會(huì)福利水平，為流動(dòng)人口創(chuàng)造更多的發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì)。政府應(yīng)關(guān)注低收入群體的生活狀況，加大扶貧力度，確保他們能夠分享到經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的成果。Overall,theresultsofthisstudyindicatethatinordertoeffectivelynarrowtheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulations,multipleapproachesareneeded.Ontheonehand,itisnecessarytostrengtheneducationandskilltrainingforthefloatingpopulation,improvetheirownqualityandmarketcompetitiveness;Ontheotherhand,itisalsonecessarytooptimizetheemploymentenvironment,improvethelevelofsocialwelfare,andcreatemoredevelopmentopportunitiesforthefloatingpopulation.Thegovernmentshouldpayattentiontothelivingconditionsoflow-incomegroups,increasepovertyalleviationefforts,andensurethattheycansharethefruitsofeconomicdevelopment.未來(lái)的研究可以進(jìn)一步拓展本研究的范圍和深度，例如考察不同地區(qū)的城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口收入差異情況，以及隨著時(shí)間推移這些差異的變化趨勢(shì)。還可以引入更多影響因素，如行業(yè)差異、職業(yè)選擇等，以更全面地揭示收入差異的成因和機(jī)制。通過(guò)這些研究，我們有望為縮小城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差距提供更具體、更有針對(duì)性的政策建議。Futureresearchcanfurtherexpandthescopeanddepthofthisstudy,suchasexaminingtheincomedifferencesbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulationsindifferentregions,aswellasthechangingtrendsofthesedifferencesovertime.Moreinfluencingfactorscanalsobeintroduced,suchasindustrydifferences,careerchoices,etc.,tomorecomprehensivelyrevealthecausesandmechanismsofincomedisparities.Throughthesestudies,weareexpectedtoprovidemorespecificandtargetedpolicyrecommendationsfornarrowingtheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulations.六、結(jié)論與政策建議Conclusionandpolicyrecommendations本研究采用Oaxaca-Blinder分解和Quantile分解方法，深入剖析了城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差異問(wèn)題。研究結(jié)果顯示，兩組人群之間的收入差異主要由兩部分構(gòu)成：一是特征差異導(dǎo)致的收入差異，二是歧視性因素導(dǎo)致的收入差異。在特征差異方面，教育程度、工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)、職業(yè)選擇等因素對(duì)兩組人群的收入產(chǎn)生了顯著影響。而在歧視性因素方面，勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的不完善、社會(huì)保障體系的不足以及戶(hù)籍制度等均對(duì)流動(dòng)人口的收入產(chǎn)生了不利影響。ThisstudyusedOaxacaBlinderdecompositionandQuantiledecompositionmethodstodeeplyanalyzetheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmobilepopulations.Theresearchresultsshowthattheincomedifferencebetweenthetwogroupsofpeoplemainlyconsistsoftwoparts:oneistheincomedifferencecausedbycharacteristicdifferences,andtheotheristheincomedifferencecausedbydiscriminatoryfactors.Intermsofcharacteristicdifferences,factorssuchaseducationlevel,workexperience,andcareerchoicehaveasignificantimpactontheincomeofthetwogroupsofpeople.Intermsofdiscriminatoryfactors,theimperfectionofthelabormarket,theinadequacyofthesocialsecuritysystemandtheregisteredresidencesystemallhaveanegativeimpactontheincomeofthefloatingpopulation.加強(qiáng)教育投入，提高流動(dòng)人口的教育水平。政府應(yīng)加大對(duì)流動(dòng)人口教育的投入力度，提供更多的教育資源，幫助他們提升技能水平，增強(qiáng)就業(yè)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，從而提高收入水平。Strengtheneducationinvestmentandimprovetheeducationlevelofmobilepopulation.Thegovernmentshouldincreaseinvestmentineducationforthefloatingpopulation,providemoreeducationalresources,helpthemimprovetheirskills,enhancetheiremploymentcompetitiveness,andthusimprovetheirincomelevels.完善勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)，消除就業(yè)歧視。政府應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)的監(jiān)管，推動(dòng)就業(yè)公平，消除對(duì)流動(dòng)人口的就業(yè)歧視。同時(shí)，應(yīng)建立健全的就業(yè)服務(wù)體系，為流動(dòng)人口提供更多的就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)和就業(yè)指導(dǎo)。Improvethelabormarketandeliminateemploymentdiscrimination.Thegovernmentshouldstrengthensupervisionofthelabormarket,promoteemploymentequity,andeliminateemploymentdiscriminationagainstmigrantworkers.Atthesametime,asoundemploymentservicesystemshouldbeestablishedtoprovidemoreemploymentopportunitiesandguidanceforthefloatingpopulation.改革戶(hù)籍制度，推動(dòng)城鄉(xiāng)一體化發(fā)展。戶(hù)籍制度是導(dǎo)致城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口收入差異的重要因素之一。政府應(yīng)逐步改革戶(hù)籍制度，降低流動(dòng)人口在城市生活的門(mén)檻，使他們能夠享受到與城鎮(zhèn)居民同等的公共服務(wù)和社會(huì)保障。Reformtheregisteredresidencesystemandpromotetheintegrateddevelopmentofurbanandruralareas.Theregisteredresidencesystemisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatleadtotheincomedifferencebetweenurbanresidentsandfloatingpopulation.Thegovernmentshouldgraduallyreformtheregisteredresidencesystem,lowerthethresholdforfloatingpopulationtoliveincities,sothattheycanenjoythesamepublicservicesandsocialsecurityasurbanresidents.加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)，保障流動(dòng)人口的合法權(quán)益。政府應(yīng)加大對(duì)流動(dòng)人口社會(huì)保障的投入力度，完善社會(huì)保障體系，保障他們的合法權(quán)益。同時(shí)，應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)流動(dòng)人口的社會(huì)救助和福利保障，幫助他們提高生活水平。Strengthentheconstructionofthesocialsecuritysystemandsafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofthefloatingpopulation.Thegovernmentshouldincreaseinvestmentinsocialsecurityformobilepopulations,improvethesocialsecuritysystem,andsafeguardtheirlegitimaterightsandinterests.Atthesametime,socialassistanceandwelfareprotectionformobilepopulationsshouldbestrengthenedtohelpthemimprovetheirlivingstandards.通過(guò)加強(qiáng)教育投入、完善勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)、改革戶(hù)籍制度以及加強(qiáng)社會(huì)保障體系建設(shè)等措施，可以有效縮小城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差異，促進(jìn)社會(huì)公平與和諧發(fā)展。Bystrengtheningeducationinvestment,improvingthelabormarket,reformingtheregisteredresidencesystemandstrengtheningtheconstructionofthesocialsecuritysystem,wecaneffectivelyreducetheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandfloatingpopulation,andpromotesocialfairnessandharmoniousdevelopment.七、研究展望ResearchOutlook隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展和城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程的深入推進(jìn)，城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口之間的收入差異問(wèn)題將持續(xù)受到學(xué)術(shù)界和政策制定者的關(guān)注。本文基于Oaxaca-Blinder和Quantile方法的分解，對(duì)城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口的收入差異進(jìn)行了深入研究，但仍有許多值得進(jìn)一步探討的問(wèn)題。WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomyandsocietyandthedeepeningofurbanization,theissueofincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulationwillcontinuetoreceiveattentionfromtheacademiccommunityandpolicymakers.Thisarticleconductsin-depthresearchontheincomegapbetweenurbanresidentsandmigrantpopulationbasedonthedecompositionofOaxacaBlinderandQuantilemethods,buttherearestillmanyissuesworthfurtherexploration.未來(lái)研究可以進(jìn)一步拓展數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)源，包括更多地區(qū)和更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間跨度的數(shù)據(jù)，以更全面地反映城鎮(zhèn)居民與流動(dòng)人口收入差異的變化趨勢(shì)。同時(shí)，可以引入更多影響收入差異的因