實(shí)用旅游英語Unit-1-A(魏國富)

實(shí)用旅游英語Unit-1-A(魏國富)實(shí)用旅游英語Unit-1-A(魏國富)實(shí)用旅游英語Unit-1-A(魏國富)TextAWhyPeopleTravel?I. OralPracticeII. Pre-readingQuestionsofTextAIII.TextANewwordsUsefulexpressionsIV.Exercises1.Goovereachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyandselecttheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.2.Fillineachblankwithonewordintheboxyouthinkbestfit.V.ChineseversionofTextAVI.Notes 實(shí)用旅游英語Unit-1-A(魏國富)實(shí)用旅游英語Unit-1TextAWhyPeopleTravel?I. OralPracticeII. Pre-readingQuestionsofTextAIII.

TextA

Newwords

UsefulexpressionsIV.Exercises1.Goovereachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyandselecttheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.2.Fillineachblankwithonewordintheboxyouthinkbestfit.V.ChineseversionofTextAVI.Notes

TextA21.Passport,Please!A:Excuseme.B:Yes?A:Yourpassport,please!B: Justwaitamoment.Letmesee.It'sinthebriefcase.Sorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.HereYouare.A:Chinese?B:Yes.A:WhereinChinaareyoufrom?B:Shanghai.I.

OralPractice1.Passport,Please!I.OralP3A: TheresurearealotofpeoplefromChinavisitingrightnow.B: I'mnotsurprised.Thankstothesuccessfuleconomicreformandopening-uppolicy,weChinesepeopleareinterestedingoingabroadforavisitnow.A:Howlongdoyouplantostay?B:Aboutthreeweeks.A:Allright.Here'syourpassport.WelcometotheUnitedStates.B:Thankyou.I.

OralPracticeA: Theresurearealotofpe42.AboutItineraryA:Goodmorning.B: Goodmorning.Iwastoldthatyouhadpreparedtheitineraryforourgroup.Couldyoupleasetellussomethingaboutthat?A: Mypleasure.Hereisthecopyoftheitineraryforyourgroup.Pleasereaditcarefullytoseeifthereisaneedforanychanges.B: TodaywearegoingtovisitYuGarden.That'smarvelous.I'msureeveryoneinthegroupwillbeexcitedtolearnmoreaboutthevisit.I.

OralPractice2.AboutItineraryI.OralPr5A:AvisittoacommunitycenterinShanghaihasalsobeenarrangedatyourrequest.Ithinkyouwillmeetmanykindandfriendlyresidentsthereandhaveaverygoodchancetocommunicatewiththem.B:That'sgood.MyfriendoncesaidtomethatifyouwantedtoknowmoreaboutthelocalpeopleinShanghai,thecommunitycenterwastheveryplaceforyoutovisit.

A: YourfaxalsorequestsgoingtoPudong,thenewlydevelopingareainShanghai.Thatwillbedonetomorrowafternoon.B:That'sgreat.IhadlearnedalotaboutPudongwhenIwasathome.ItissaidthatPudonghaschangedcompletely.Ithasbeenbuiltintoamoderncitywithinaveryshortperiod.Nowitistheplacethatattractsthepeopleofthewholeworld.I.

OralPracticeA:Avisittoacommunitycent6A: Exactly.Ipresumethatsomeofyourfriendsmayhavetheirownneedsandwants,likesanddislikes.Shallwemakeitaruleforthemtoapproachmedirectly?Iwilltrymybesttosatisfythem.B: That'sveryconsiderateofyou.A: PleaseassureyourfriendsthatI'llbedoingallthatiswithinmypowertomakeyourvisitinShanghaiapleasantexperience.B: Thankyou.A: Thankyouforyourunderstandingandcooperation.ShallIsaythatwehavefinalizedtheitinerary?B: Yes.I.

OralPracticeA: Exactly.Ipresumethatso7Pleasereadthepassagebeforeansweringthepre-readingquestions,andthenyouwillknowmoreaboutthetextbelow.(1)Whydopeopleliketravelingsomuch?(2)Whathelpstostimulatethetouristindustrybothathome andabroad?(3)Cantravelingrelievethepeoplefromthestrainandstress inourfast-developingmodernsociety?Why?II.

Pre-readingQuestionsPleasereadthepassagebefore8(4)Inordertomeettheneedsoftravelers'demands,whatkind ofspecialservicesshouldthetravelagenciesconsideroffering?(5)Howcanweimprovethepresentsituationoftransportation andreducethecostoftravel?

II.

Pre-readingQuestions(4)Inordertomeettheneeds9WhyPeopleTravel?

1Thegrowthoftourismhasbecomeacontemporaryphenomenonexperiencedbyallcountriesintheworld.Theinternationaltouristarrivalsalonereachedashighas546millionin1994andareforecastedtoriseto937millionin2010,accordingtoWTO.Butwhydopeopleliketravelingsomuch?III.

TextWhyPeopleTravel?III.Text102 InMaslow'sopinion,thereisahierarchy

ofuniversalwantsandneedsfoundineveryhumanbeing.Ultimatelyatthetopofthehierarchytherearetheneedsforself-actualizationorself-realization,thatis,theneedtodevelopone'sownpotential,theneedforaestheticstimulation,theneedtocreateortobuildone'sownpersonalityandcharacter,etc.Thentourismturnsouttobeagoodsolution,sinceitprovidesamplechancestosatisfymostoftheneeds,andtheneeds,inturn,constitutemajormotivationalfactorsforpeopletotravelandgoonvacation.Even"self-actualization"maybeachievedwhenalong-helddreamcomestrueonacertaintrip.III.

Text2 InMaslow'sopinion,therei113

Probablythemostcommonreasonfortravel

isassociatedwithourphysicalwell-being.Actually,travelforsportsisoneofthefastestgrowinggeneratorsoftravel.Themotivationalforceofspectatorsportsis,however,morecomplex.Thereisthedesiretogetawayfromroutine,toidentifywithteamsandindividuals,whichgivespeopleasenseofbelonging,andtodreamoftheroleonewouldfulfillifhewereplaying.Here,theeffectmaybefeltmorementallythanphysically.Inthefast-movingmodernsocietywherestrainandstresshavebecomepartofanindividual'slife,peopletendtohaveachangeinenvironmentandactivitiesinordertorestandrelax.

III.

Text3Probablythemostcommon124 Anotherimportantmotivatorisconnectedwithcultureandcuriosity,whichisexpressedbythedesiretoknowaboutotherplacesorcountriesandtosearchforallkindsofexperiences.Nooneseemstodoubtthattravelbroadensthemind.Itwasthedesireforknowledgethat

wasthereasonforthegrowthoftheGrandTour.Todaythisdesireiswidelyencouragedbymodernmassmediaandcommunicationssuchastelevisionandairplane,whichfindtheirwaysintoeverycorneroftheworld.Afteronehastraveledtoaparticularplace,hetendstobemoreinterestedinnewsitemsortelevisionprogramsaboutit.Bylearningaboutotherculturesonecanalsodiscoverhisown,andthustruly

enricheshismind.III.

Text4 Anotherimportantmotivator135(1)Theneedforbelongingismanifestedinthedesiretovisitfriendsorrelatives,tomeetnewpeopleandmakenewfriendships.People,byandlarge,aresocialbeingswhowantcommunicationandcontactwithothers.Intravel,peoplewiththisintentionusuallyputmoreemphasisontherouteofthetripthanonthedestination.Ofcourse,itdoeshelptoencouragetravelifthefriendorrelativelivesinanexoticorinterestingplace.Tocatertothisneed,manytravelagenciesspecializeincertainethnicareasandpeople,providingspecializedtourstoreturnandvisit"theoldcountry"wheresometouristsmaypickupagenealogicallineorfindtheirroots.Theneedfor

esteemisIII.

Text5(1)Theneedforbelonging145(2)identifiedwiththedesireforrecognition,attention,appreciation,andreputation.Suchconcernsofegoneedsandpersonaldevelopmentareregardedasstatusandprestigemotivatorsintravel.Sofarasa

pious

religiousbelieverisconcerned,atriptotheholy

shrineofhisreligionwillgivehimthegreatestsatisfactionoffulfillinganinnerdesireandatthesametimebringhimthemostimportantrecognitionheneeds.Asaresult,thepassionplayinGermanyneverfailstodrawtravelers,nordothehistoricalsitesassociatedwithChristin

Israel.III.

Text5(2)identifiedwiththed156Whenpeopletraveltoaconferencetoincreasetheirprofessionalknowledge,theyareconcernedwiththeirownpersonaldevelopment.Theirself-esteemisenhanced.Peoplealsoseekesteemfromothers.Itissaidthatintourism"massfollowsclass".Theimplicationisthatthereareplacesthatspecialpeoplego,andsomegotobelikethosespecialpeople.Tobethefirsttogotoanexoticplace,ortogowherecertaintypesofpeoplego,offerssomeexcitementandcreatesanillusionofenviable

sophisticationamongone'sfriends.7Acombinationofneedsanddesireshasgivenimpetustooneofthelargestindustriestoday—thetravelindustry.Nevertheless,peopleneedmorethanmotivationsinordertotravel.Twootherelementsareessentialbeforeonewillseriouslyconsiderplanningatrip;theyareleisureanddiscretionaryincome.III.

Text6Whenpeopletraveltoa168Leisurecanbedefinedasfreedomfromthenecessitytolabor.Twoaspectsofleisurewereandareimportantinpromotingtourism:thetimeavailableforleisure,andpeoples'attitudetowardleisure.SinceWorldWarTwo,theamountofleisuretimeavailabletoanindividualhas,ingeneral,increased.Theworkweekhasdecreasedfromsixtyhourstofortyhoursperweek,andthereductionoftheworkweekwillstillcontinueinmostdevelopedcountriesaswellassomedevelopingcountries.Inaddition,changingsocialconditionshaveintroducedandestablishedleisuretimeasawayoflife,andleisurebecameajustifiableaspectofthesociety.Theincreasedtimeavailablebegantobespentinthepursuitofrecreationandpleasurableactivitiesotherthanwork.III.

Text8Leisurecanbedefined179Discretionaryincome,ordisposableincome,ismoneynotneededforpersonalessentialssuchasfood,clothing,health-care,transportation,andsoforth.Smallerfamilysizeandanincreaseofwomeninthelabormarkethavemadetoday'sfamilymore

affluent,whichgreatlypromotesthetouristindustry.

III.

Text9Discretionaryincome,or1810Theimprovementintransportationhasfacilitatedtravelonalargescale.Theexplosionofrailwayandautomobiletravelwasfollowedbydynamicimprovementsinairservice.Today,inmanycountries,elaborateroadsystemshavebeenbuiltsothatapersoncangofrombordertoborderorevenacrossnationalbordersinthecaseofEuropewithoutbeingaffectedbyasingleredlightortwo-waytrafficonthesameroadway.Thevastnetworkofroadsandairconnectionsandthemassproductionofthecaratapricemanypeoplecanaffordhaveledtothedevelopmentofatouristindustryunmatchedinhistory.Withincreasingaffluenceandleisure,andarelativedecreaseincostoftravel,thegrowthofthetravelindustrywillsurelycontinue.III.

Text10Theimprovementintra19(1)phenomenon/fI

n?mIn[n/

n.現(xiàn)象復(fù)(phenomena) (2)hierarchy/

haIrB:kI/

n. 等級(jí)，制度(3)ultimately/

QltImItlI/

ad. 最終地，極限地(4)actualization/

Aktj?laI

zeIFn/

n. 實(shí)現(xiàn)，現(xiàn)實(shí)化(5)aesthetic/i:s

WetIk/

a. 美的，藝術(shù)的(6)ample/

Ampl/

a. 足夠的，充分的(7)motivational/

m[?tI

veIFn[l/

a. 動(dòng)力的，有動(dòng)機(jī)的(8)curiosity/

kj?[rI

?sItI/

n. 好奇心(9)broaden/

brC:dn/

v. 擴(kuò)大，加寬(10)enrich/In

rItF/

v. 豐富(11)manifest/

mAnIfest/

v. 證明，顯示NewWords(1)phenomenon/fIn?mIn[n/n.20(12)ethnic/5eWnIk/a. 種族的,種族上的(13)exotic/I^5z?tIk/a. 外國的，異國情調(diào)的(14)genealogical/

dVi:nI[

l?dVIkl/

a. 家譜的，家系的(15)esteem/Is

ti:m/

n. 尊重，尊敬(16)ego/

i:g[u/

n. 自己，自我(17)prestige/pre

sti:V/n.威信，威望(18)pious/

paI[s/

a.虔誠的，信奉宗教的(19)holy/

h[?lI/

a. 神圣的，圣潔的(20)shrine/FraIn/

n. 神龕，圣地(21)Israel/

IzreIl/

n. 猶太人，以色列(人)(22)implication/

ImplI

keIFn/

n. 含義，暗示NewWords(12)ethnic/5eWnIk/a. 種族的21(23)illusion/I

lu:Fn/

n. 幻覺，幻影(24)enviable/

envI[bl/

a. 值得羨慕的(25)sophistication/s[

fIstI

keIFn/

n. 有經(jīng)驗(yàn)，老練(26)impetus/5ImpItEs/n. 促進(jìn)，推動(dòng)

(27)discretionary/dIs5kreFEnErI/a.任意的，自由決定的

(28)justifiable/5dVQstIfaIEbl/a. 正當(dāng)?shù)?，有理?29)affluent/5AflJEnt/a. 富裕的，豐富的

(30)dynamic/daI5nAmIk/a. 有力的，有生氣的

(31)affluence/5AflJEns/n. 豐富，富裕NewWords(23)illusion/Ilu:Fn/n.22(1)turnout 證明是，結(jié)果是(2)inturn 依次，輪流(3)beassociatedwith 與……聯(lián)系起來(4)byandlarge 一般地(5)putemphasison 把重點(diǎn)放在，著重于(6)caterto 迎合，投合(7)giveanimpetusto 促進(jìn)，推動(dòng)(8)freedomfrom 免除，解脫(9)ingeneral 一般地，大體上(10)andsoforth 等等Usefulexpressions(1)turnout231. Goovereachofthefollowingsentencescarefullyandselecttheanswerthatisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword.(1) InMaslow'sopinion,thereisahierarchyofuniversalwantsandneedsfoundineveryhumanbeing. A.general B.various C.anxious D.elaborate

(2) Thentourismturnsouttobeagoodsolution,sinceitprovidesamplechancestosatisfymostoftheneeds,andtheneeds,inturn,constitutemajormotivationalfactorsforpeopletotravelandgoonvacation. A.organize B.form C.broaden D.composeABIV.

Exercises1. Goovereachofthefollow24(3) Actually,travelforsportsisoneofthefastestgrowinggeneratorsoftravel. A.elements B.motivators C.illusions D.conditions(4) Theneedforbelongingismanifestedinthedesiretovisitfriendsorrelatives,tomeetnewpeopleandmakenewfriendships. A.extended B.progressed C.satisfied D.revealed

(5) Theneedforesteemisidentifiedwiththedesireforrecognition,attention,appreciation,andreputation. A.status B.respect C.fame D.hierarchy BDBIV.

Exercises(3) Actually,travelforspor25(6) Acombinationofneedsanddesireshasgivenimpetustooneofthelargestindustriestodaythetravelindustry. A.stimulus B.prestige C.emphasis D.space

(7) Inaddition,changingsocialconditionshaveintroducedandestablishedleisuretimeasawayoflife,andleisurebecameajustifiableaspectofthesociety. A.probable B.desirable C.reasonable D.valuable

(8) Discretionaryincome,ordisposableincome,ismoneynotneededforpersonalessentialssuchasfood,clothing,health-care,transportation,andsoforth. A.Ultimate B.EnviableC.Sufficient D.Ready

ACDIV.

Exercises(6) Acombinationofneedsan262.Fillineachblankwithonewordintheboxyouthinkbestfit.

Tourismistravelforrecreational,leisureorbusinesspurposes.Tourismhasbecomeapopular(1)

leisureactivity.In2008,therewereover922millioninternationaltourist(2)

,withagrowthof1.9%ascomparedto2007.Internationaltourismreceipts(3)

toUS$944billion(euro642billion)in2008,(4)

toanincreaseinrealtermsof1.8%on2007.Despitetherecentglobal(5)

,internationaltouristarrivalsduringthefirstfourmonthsof2008(6)

aslowdowncorrespondingincludingfallingintakerecessioneconomicarrivalsperiodglobalcomparedassociatedvenuesgrewfollowedglobalarrivalsgrew

corresponding

recessionfollowedIV.

Exercises2.Fillineachblankwithon27similargrowthtrendthanthesameperiodin2007.However,asaresultofthe(7)

crisisof2008,internationaltraveldemandsufferedastrong(8)

beginninginJune2008,withgrowthininternationaltourismarrivalsworldwide(9)

to2%duringtheborealsummermonths,whilegrowthfromJanuarytoApril2008hadreachedanaverage5.7%(10)

toits2007level.Growthfrom2006to2007wasonly3.7%,astotalinternationaltourismarrivalsfromJanuarytoAugustwere641milliontourists,upfrom618millioninthesame(11)

in2007.slowdownfallingcomposedperiodeconomicslowdowncorrespondingincludingfallingintakerecessioneconomicarrivalsperiodglobalcomparedassociatedvenuesgrewfollowedIV.

Exercisessimilargrowthtrendthanthe28

Tourismisvitalformanycountries,suchastheU.A.E,Egypt,GreeceandThailand,andmanyislandnations,suchasTheBahamas,Fiji,MaldivesandtheSeychelles,duetothelarge(12)

ofmoneyforbusinesseswiththeirgoodsandservicesandtheopportunityforemploymentintheserviceindustries(13)

withtourism.Theseserviceindustriesincludetransportationservices,suchasairlines,cruiseshipsandtaxis,hospitalityservices,suchasaccommodations,(14)

hotelsandresorts,andentertainmentvenues,suchasamusementparks,casinos,shoppingmalls,variousmusic(15)

andthetheatre.

associatedincludingvenuesintakestressingcopysalutationtipsprovideusers columnaccountsasteriskstendencyvialistsymbolsproperlyessentialsIV.

ExercisesTourismisvitalformany29windowoftheworldwindowoftheworld30TaishanTaishan31StatueofLibertyStatueofLiberty32EiffelTowerEiffelTower33Barcelona

sceneryBarcelonascenery34參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危? 旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展已經(jīng)成為當(dāng)前世界上所有國家都經(jīng)歷的一種現(xiàn)象。據(jù)國際旅游組織稱，1994年僅國際旅游人數(shù)已經(jīng)達(dá)到5.46億之多，預(yù)計(jì)到2010年會(huì)升至9.37億?？墒牵藗?yōu)槭裁慈绱讼矚g旅游呢？

參考譯文35參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危? 以馬斯洛看來，每個(gè)人身上普遍存在著不同層次的欲望和需求，最高層次是對(duì)自我價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)或充分發(fā)揮自身才能的需求，也就是對(duì)發(fā)展自身潛力的需求，對(duì)審美的需求和對(duì)創(chuàng)造或構(gòu)建自身個(gè)性和特點(diǎn)的需求，等等。這樣一來，旅游變成了一種很好的解決方式，因?yàn)樗峁┝俗銐虻臋C(jī)會(huì)來滿足大部分的需求，而且，這些需求也反過來構(gòu)成了人們旅游和度假的最大的激勵(lì)因素。甚至當(dāng)一個(gè)長期的夢想在某次旅行中得以實(shí)現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，就獲得了“自我價(jià)值的實(shí)現(xiàn)”。

參考譯文36參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危? 或許，旅游最常見的理由是和我們的身體健康相關(guān)的。事實(shí)上，為體育運(yùn)動(dòng)而旅行是旅行增長最快的動(dòng)力之一。然而，觀看體育運(yùn)動(dòng)的觀眾的動(dòng)機(jī)更加復(fù)雜。人們有逃離日?，嵤碌目释斜粓F(tuán)隊(duì)或個(gè)人認(rèn)同的渴望，這給他們一種歸屬感。甚至夢想著要實(shí)現(xiàn)他所扮演的角色。在此，這種效果更多的體現(xiàn)在精神上，而不是身體上。在迅速發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)里，緊張和壓力已成為個(gè)人生活的一部分，人們傾向于換個(gè)環(huán)境和活動(dòng)來休息和放松自己。參考譯文37參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危? 另一個(gè)重要的動(dòng)力是與文化和好奇心相關(guān)。這種好奇心表現(xiàn)在渴望對(duì)其它地方和國家的了解，尋求各種各樣的經(jīng)歷上。似乎沒有人懷疑旅行會(huì)開闊視野。求知欲正是引起歐洲大旅游發(fā)展的原因。今天，這種渴求受到現(xiàn)代大眾媒體和便捷的交通工具的廣泛鼓勵(lì)

，比如電視和飛機(jī)，它們已經(jīng)滲透到了世界的各個(gè)角落。當(dāng)一個(gè)人去一個(gè)特殊的地方旅行過之后，他會(huì)對(duì)關(guān)于那個(gè)地方的新聞報(bào)道或電視節(jié)目更感興趣。通過了解其他文化，一個(gè)人也能發(fā)現(xiàn)自身的文化，從而真正豐富自己的思想。

參考譯文38參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危?(1) 對(duì)歸屬的需求表現(xiàn)在對(duì)拜訪朋友或親戚的渴望，以及對(duì)遇見新面孔和結(jié)交新朋友的渴望?？偟膩碚f，人是社會(huì)性的，他們有交際和與別人交往的需要。在旅行中，帶著這種意圖的人通常更重視旅途的過程，而不是旅行的目的地。當(dāng)然，如果有朋友或親戚住在具有異域情調(diào)或有趣的地方，這對(duì)于促進(jìn)旅行是非常有幫助的。為了迎合這種需求，許多旅行社專門提供某一民族區(qū)域和民族的旅游產(chǎn)品，提供專門化的旅行，使人們返回及拜訪他們“昔日的國度”，在那里，一些游客可能會(huì)重得他們族譜家系或者找回他們的根。實(shí)用旅游英語Unit-1-A(魏國富)39參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危?(2)對(duì)被人尊重的需求和對(duì)被認(rèn)可、注意、欣賞與名譽(yù)的渴望是一致的。這種在旅行中對(duì)自我需求和個(gè)人發(fā)展的關(guān)心被看作為是身份和聲望上的動(dòng)力。就虔誠的宗教信仰者而言，到他所信仰的宗教圣地的旅行會(huì)給他內(nèi)在渴望的實(shí)現(xiàn)帶來最大的滿足，同時(shí)，也給他帶來他需要的最重要的宗教信徒身份的認(rèn)可。結(jié)果，在德國上演的耶穌受難劇從不擔(dān)心吸引不到旅行者，在以色列與耶穌有關(guān)的歷史遺跡也是如此。參考譯文40參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危?當(dāng)人們?yōu)榱嗽黾铀麄兊膶I(yè)知識(shí)而出差去參加一個(gè)會(huì)議時(shí)，他們很關(guān)心自己個(gè)人的發(fā)展，他們的自尊受到加強(qiáng)。人們也會(huì)在別人那里尋求尊重。人們說，在旅游活動(dòng)中亦是“大眾效仿名流”的活動(dòng)。言下之意是，有一些地方是特殊的人去的，而一些旅游者認(rèn)為自己就像那些特殊的人一樣去那里游覽。作為第一個(gè)去一個(gè)奇異地方的人或只有某一種人才會(huì)去的地方的人，會(huì)使他感到興奮并在他朋友中間產(chǎn)生一種令人羨慕且神秘的幻覺。

參考譯文41參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危?需求和欲望的結(jié)合為當(dāng)今最大的產(chǎn)業(yè)之一——旅游業(yè)起到了推動(dòng)作用。然而，為了旅行，人們需要的不僅僅是動(dòng)力。在一個(gè)人認(rèn)真考慮制訂旅行計(jì)劃之前，另有兩個(gè)基本要素也是至關(guān)重要的；即閑暇的時(shí)間和可支配收入。參考譯文42參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危?閑暇的時(shí)間可以被定義為必要的工作之外的自由。無論是過去還是現(xiàn)在閑暇的兩個(gè)方面對(duì)促進(jìn)旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展都是很重要的：可利用的空暇時(shí)間和人們對(duì)于閑暇時(shí)間利用的態(tài)度。自二戰(zhàn)以來，個(gè)人可利用的閑暇時(shí)間總體上增加了。每周的工作時(shí)間已經(jīng)從以前的60小時(shí)減少到40小時(shí)，在大部分發(fā)達(dá)國家和一部分發(fā)展中國家，這種減少仍在繼續(xù)著。另外，社會(huì)條件的改變使休閑成為一種社會(huì)認(rèn)可的生活方式。不斷增加的業(yè)余時(shí)間開始被用于追求休閑和娛樂活動(dòng)，而不是工作。

參考譯文43參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危? 可支配收入是指不需要被用在個(gè)人必需品（比如食物、衣服、醫(yī)療保健、交通，等等）上的錢。家庭規(guī)模變得更小和女性更多地進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)市場使得當(dāng)今的家庭更加富裕，這極大地促進(jìn)了旅游業(yè)的發(fā)展。參考譯文44參考譯文人們?yōu)槭裁绰糜危?0 交通的改進(jìn)在較大規(guī)模上促進(jìn)了旅游。繼鐵路和汽車旅行的激增之后，緊接著是航空服務(wù)的有力提高。今天，在很多國家，精心設(shè)計(jì)的道路系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)建成，以至于一個(gè)人能夠穿梭于省際之間，或者，就歐洲來說，可以穿越國界而不被一個(gè)紅燈或同一條路上雙行的交通影響到。巨大的公路網(wǎng)絡(luò)和航空聯(lián)運(yùn)，以及汽車的大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)使很多人能夠買得起車從而促進(jìn)了旅游業(yè)在歷史上前所未有的發(fā)展。隨著富裕程度和空閑時(shí)間的增加，以及旅行費(fèi)用的相對(duì)降低，旅游業(yè)的增長態(tài)勢將勢必得以持續(xù)。

參考譯文451. Becausetravelingcannotonlybroadenone’smind,butalsoprovideamplechancestosatisfytheneedofone’sself-actualizationorself-realizationwhichisatthetopofthehierarchyofhumanneeds.1. Becausetravelingcannot462. Thedesiretoknowaboutotherplacesorcountries,tosearchforallkindsofexperiences,tomeetnewpeopleandmakenewfriendships,etc.helpstostimulatethetouristindustry.2. Thedesiretoknowabout473. Exactly.Becauseinthefast-developingmodernsociety,strainandstresshavebecomepartofanindividual'slife,sotravelingcanhelppeoplegetawayfromtheirdullandstressfuldailyroutineforsometime;andontheotherhand,inordertoregaintheirenergy,peoplearewillingtoundertakecertainactivitiesorrestandrelaxthemselvesintheenvironmentstotallydifferentfromtheirusualones.3. Exactly.Becauseinthe484. Sincepeoplearesocialbeingswholiketocommunicatewitheachother,andtheyusuallyputmoreemphasisontheprocessoftheirtripthanontheirdestination.Tocatertothisneed,travelagenciesshoulddevelopspecialproductsforcertainethnicareasandprovidespecializedtoursforpeopletoreturnandvisit"theoldcountry"wheresometouristsmaypickupagenealogicallineorfindtheirroots.4. Sincepeoplearesocial495. Ononehand,thegovernmentshouldnotonlyquickentheinfrastructureconstruction,butalsodevelopeconomy,improvetheincomeandlifeofitsresidentsandatthesametime,makecertainpoliciestoreducethecostoftravel.5. Ononehand,thegovern50Maslow馬斯洛（AbrahamHaroldMaslow1908~1970）美國心理學(xué)家，人本主義心理學(xué)的主要?jiǎng)?chuàng)始人之一。

Maslow51self-actualization自我實(shí)現(xiàn)本文中還有：self-realization本人才能的充分發(fā)揮self-esteem自尊其他還有：self-sacrifice自我犧牲self-preservation自我保護(hù)self-confidence自信self-actualization52Probablythemostcommonreasonfortravelisassociatedwithourphysicalwell-being.或許，旅游最常見的理由是和我們的身體健康有關(guān)的。

注意physical的不同解釋：physicaltraining體育鍛煉physicalgeography自然地理thephysicalworld物質(zhì)世界physicaltherapy物理療法physicalexamination體格檢查

Probablythemostcommonreaso53Inthefast-movingmodernsocietywherestrainandstresshavebecomepartofanindividual'slife,在迅速發(fā)展的現(xiàn)代社會(huì)中，緊張和壓力已成為個(gè)人生活中的一部分，where引出定語從句,修飾名詞society,此處where的意思為in/atwhich,如:ThisistheveryhotelwherethepresidentstayedwhenhewasvisitingChina.這就是總統(tǒng)在訪問中國期間住過的賓館。Don'tworry,we'dlookforsomelargeenterpriseswhereyourworkwillbeappreciated.別擔(dān)心,我們會(huì)尋找一些欣賞你的工作的大公司。Inthefast-movingmodernsoci54ItwasthedesireforknowledgethatwasthereasonforthegrowthoftheGrandTour.

大旅游發(fā)展的原因正是由求知欲引起的。theGrandTour是指舊時(shí)英國貴族學(xué)生赴歐洲大陸作為最終學(xué)程的大旅游。

Itwasthedesireforknowledg55that用在以it引起的句子中，對(duì)某一成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)，如：

It'syouthatareinchargeofthedailyroutineofthistravelagency.是你負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)旅行社的日常工作。（強(qiáng)調(diào)主語）ItwaslastsummervocationthatIpaidavisittoTibet.就在去年暑假我游覽了西藏。（強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語）Itisthetouristindustrythatwearemainlydevelopingintheregionofnaturalscenery.旅游業(yè)是我們現(xiàn)在在自然風(fēng)景區(qū)的主要發(fā)展對(duì)象。（強(qiáng)調(diào)賓語）

that用在以it引起的句子中，對(duì)某一成分加以強(qiáng)調(diào)，如：56Bylearningaboutotherculture,onecanalsodiscoverhisown,andthustrulyenricheshismind.通過了解其他文化，一個(gè)人也能發(fā)現(xiàn)自身的文化，從而真正豐富了自己的思想。by引起的介詞短語作狀語，意思為：通過……方法，如：Onlybydoingsocanwestrengthenourtieswiththemasses．只有這樣做，我們才能加強(qiáng)和群眾的聯(lián)系．Bylearningaboutothercultur57Sofarasapiousreligiousbelieverisconcerned，就虔誠的宗教信仰者而言，

sofaras…isconcerned就……而論，至于……Sofarasourdesireisconcerned,wedon'twanttostaythereevenforasingleday．就我們自己的愿望來說,我們甚至連一天也不愿意呆在那兒。

Sofarasapiousreligiousbe58thePassionplayinGermany

德國的耶穌受難劇thePassionplayinGermany59thehistoricalsitesassociatedwithChristinIsrael以色列的一些與耶穌有關(guān)的歷史遺跡古希律王墓

thetombofancientKingHerodthehistoricalsitesassociat60theyareconcernedwiththeirownpersonaldevelopment.他們關(guān)注自身的發(fā)展。

theyareconcernedwiththeir61Twootherelementsareessentialbeforeonewillseriouslyconsiderplanningatrip,在一個(gè)人認(rèn)真考慮制定旅游計(jì)劃之前，另外兩個(gè)基本要素也是至關(guān)重要的，動(dòng)詞consider后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語，而不能用不定式。常見的此類動(dòng)詞還有：suggest,finish,enjoy,can'thelp,mind,admit,fancy,excuse,deny,require,avoid等Twootherelementsareessenti62Smallerfamilysizeandanincreaseofwomeninthelabormarkethavemadetoday'sfamilymoreaffluent,whichgreatlypromotesthetouristindustry.家庭規(guī)模變得更小和女性更多地進(jìn)入勞動(dòng)力市場使得當(dāng)今的家庭更富裕，這極大地促進(jìn)了旅游業(yè)。Which引出的是非限定性定語從句，修飾整個(gè)句子，如：Theyturnedadeafeartoourdemands,whichenragedallofusverymuch．他們對(duì)我們的要求置之不理，這使我們大家都非常生氣。Theoutdoorsportswerecutoff,whichwasexactlywhatweexpected．戶外活動(dòng)取消了，而這正是我們所期待的。

Smallerfamilysizeand