中考題型全接觸-名詞復(fù)習(xí)【含答案】

中考題型全接觸基礎(chǔ)題型篇基礎(chǔ)題型一單項(xiàng)選擇§1基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法（一）名詞01命題趨勢(shì)考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年全國(guó)各地中考對(duì)名詞的考查主要是詞義辨析及名詞所有格，名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則也是各地中考的考點(diǎn)之一。隨著“淡化語(yǔ)法，注重語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用和交際”這一理念被廣泛認(rèn)同，預(yù)計(jì)年各地中考對(duì)名詞辨析的考查將呈上升趨勢(shì)。02定義概念清晰化名詞是指人、地點(diǎn)、事物、行為、品質(zhì)、抽象概念、感情等的名稱(chēng)的詞。名詞可分為專(zhuān)有名詞和普通名詞兩大類(lèi)。專(zhuān)有名詞表示具體的人、事物、地點(diǎn)或機(jī)構(gòu)的專(zhuān)有名稱(chēng)(如：Beijing，China，Jack)。普通名詞表示某類(lèi)人或某類(lèi)事物的名稱(chēng)。普通名詞又可分為個(gè)體名詞(表示單個(gè)的人或事物，如：astronaut，building等)、集體名詞(表示一群人或一些事物的總稱(chēng)，如：family，group等)、物質(zhì)名詞(表示無(wú)法分為個(gè)體的物質(zhì)，如：water，rice等)和抽象名詞(表示抽象概念的詞，如：health，education等)。一般地說(shuō)，個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞是可數(shù)的，稱(chēng)為可數(shù)名詞，有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分；物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)的，稱(chēng)為不可數(shù)名詞，通常只有單數(shù)，但在某些具體情況下也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。03知識(shí)歸類(lèi)知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化?可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞分類(lèi)圖解可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞分單、復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式desk→desksbus→buses沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式teameat前面可用基數(shù)詞、不定冠詞修飾threeboys;anorange不可以被基數(shù)詞和不定冠詞直接修飾，若表示數(shù)量可用“單位詞+不可數(shù)名詞”apieceofpaper;twocupsoftea可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)前可用many,some,any修飾manyteachers;somefriends可用much,some,any修飾muchbread;somemilk特例清單◎有些名詞既是可數(shù)名詞，又是不可數(shù)名詞，但意義有所不同。如：work(工作)—awork(著作)glass(玻璃)—aglass(玻璃杯)paper(紙)—apaper(報(bào)紙；文件；試卷)tea(茶)—atea(一種茶)(表示種類(lèi))wood(木頭)—awood(小樹(shù)林)room(空間)—aroom(房間)chicken(雞肉)—achicken(小雞)light(光，光線)—alight(電燈)fish(魚(yú)肉)—fishes(各種各樣的魚(yú))exercise(鍛煉，運(yùn)動(dòng))—exercises(習(xí)題)life(生活)—lives(生命)orange(橘子汁)—anorange(橘子)time(時(shí)間)—times(倍，次數(shù))hand(幫助)—ahand(手)radio(無(wú)線電)—aradio(收音機(jī))【題組訓(xùn)練】()1.(襄陽(yáng))—Whatareyougoingtodowhenyougrowup?—My_______istobecomeanastronaut.A.hobbyB.dreamC.jobD.advice()2.(涼山)—Whereareyougoing，Sam?—Thereisn’tany______inthefridge.I’llgoandbuysome.A.vegetablesB.beefC.eggsD.money()3.(揚(yáng)州)—Whatagood_____you’vegivenme!Thanksalot.—Mypleasure.A.informationB.newsC.suggestionD.advice()4.(烏魯木齊)—Ihavegreat_____inlearningphysicsandIamsoworried.Couldyouhelpme?—Sure，I’dbegladto.A.interestB.funC.questionD.trouble()5.(菏澤)Myteachergavememuch_____onhowtostudyEnglishwellwhenIhadsometrouble.A.adviceB.questionC.suggestionD.problem?可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式分類(lèi)圖解情況構(gòu)成方法例詞一般情況加-scap→caps;dog→dogs;bike→bikes;driver→drivers以字母s,sh,ch,x等結(jié)尾加-esbus→buses;wish→wishes;watch→watches;box→boxes以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾變y為i再加-eslady→ladies;century→centuries;family→families;story→stories以f或fe結(jié)尾一般變f,fe為v，再加-esleaf→leaves;life→lives;half→halves;knife→knives以o結(jié)尾o前為輔音音素時(shí)加-es,o前為元音音素時(shí)加-s。tomato→tomatoes;hero→heroes;potato→potatoes;radio→radios;zoo→zoos;例外，photo→photos;piano→pianos復(fù)合名詞將后一個(gè)詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)tooth-brush→tooth-brushes;film-goer→film-goers兩部分都變復(fù)數(shù)mandoctor→mendoctors;womanteacher→womenteachers特殊名詞改變內(nèi)部元音字母foot→feet;tooth→teeth;man→men;mouse→mice詞尾加-renchild→children單復(fù)數(shù)同形Chinese→Chinese;sheep→sheep;deer→deer特例清單1.“數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞”構(gòu)成的復(fù)合形容詞，中間的名詞須用單數(shù)形式。如：five-year-old5歲大的；afive-poundnote一張5英鎊的紙幣asix-foot-deephole一個(gè)6英尺深的洞aten-story-highbuilding一幢10層高的樓房atwo-inch-thickdictionary一本2英寸厚的字典a100-meterrace一場(chǎng)百米賽跑2.以-s結(jié)尾的名詞，有的作單數(shù)使用，有的作復(fù)數(shù)使用。(1)以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科類(lèi)名詞，一般是不可數(shù)名詞。如：maths,physics,politics等。(2)表示由兩部分構(gòu)成的物體的名詞，其形式上可數(shù)，若表達(dá)具體數(shù)目時(shí)，要借助數(shù)量詞pair來(lái)表示，其單復(fù)數(shù)形式取決于pair的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：apairoftrousers一條褲子。(3)以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的書(shū)名、劇名、報(bào)紙、雜志名詞，看作單數(shù)名詞。如：TheNewYorkTimes(《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》)；TheArabianNights(《一千零一夜》)(4)以-s結(jié)尾表示國(guó)家、組織或公司名稱(chēng)的專(zhuān)有名詞，通常被看做單數(shù)。如：theUnitedStates(美利堅(jiān)合眾國(guó))；theUnitedNations(聯(lián)合國(guó))(5)以-s結(jié)尾表示群島、山脈、瀑布等自然景觀的專(zhuān)有名詞，通常被看做復(fù)數(shù)。如：theHuangguoshuFalls(黃果樹(shù)瀑布)；theOlympicGames(奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì))(6)復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式分為兩種：一是只將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式；二是如果是man，woman與其他名詞組成的復(fù)合名詞，那么兩個(gè)名詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如：anappletree→twoappletrees;awomanteacher→somewomenteachers【題組訓(xùn)練】()6.(廣安)—Howmany______arethere?—Aboutfifty.A.tomatosB.tomatoesC.tomato()7.(內(nèi)江)Youcanfindmany_______aboutthefamousfilmstarontheInternet.A.newsB.picturesC.ticketsD.information()8.(永州)—Whose_______arethese?—IthinktheyareJohn’s.A.keyB.keiesC.keys()9.(茂名)Inautumntherearealotof_____ontheground.A.leafB.leafsC.leaves()10.(賀州)—Whatkindofporridgewouldyoulike，Alice?—Iwouldlike.A.eggporridgeB.eggsporridgeC.fishporridgesD.fishesporridge?不可數(shù)名詞的計(jì)量分類(lèi)圖解類(lèi)型英語(yǔ)漢譯例子個(gè)數(shù)單位詞piece張apieceofadvice;twopiecesofadvicedrop滴adropofink;threedropsofinkpile堆a(bǔ)pileofwood;fourpilesofwood容器單位詞cup杯acupofcoffee;sevencupsofcoffeeglass(玻璃)杯aglassofmilk;eightglassesofmilkbottle瓶abottleofjuice;ninebottlesofjuicebox盒、箱aboxofchalk;tenboxesofchalkbag袋abagofflour;elevenbagsofflour度量衡單位詞pound磅apoundofmeat;fourteenpoundsofmeatkilo公斤akiloofoil;twokilosofoil特列清單1.不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量時(shí)，可用alotof，much，little，alittle，some，no等修飾。如：Iwantsomewater.我想要一些水。2.不可數(shù)名詞表示一定的數(shù)量時(shí)，可借助可數(shù)名詞，用“a+可數(shù)名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)，把可數(shù)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。例如：Heneedstwopiecesofpaper.他需要兩張紙。【題組訓(xùn)練】()11.(達(dá)州)—AfterP.E.，Ioftenfeelverythirsty.—Whynotbuysome_____todrink?A.breadB.noodlesC.applejuiceD.teas()12.(綏化)Johndidn’tfindmuch_____abouttheaccident.A.newsB.answerC.article()13.(廣州)YesterdayfordinnerIhadapieceofbeef，vegetablesand_______.A.somericeB.afewriceC.alittlericesD.arice()14.(益陽(yáng))Pleasegivemesome____onhowtolearnEnglishwell.A.planB.informationC.advice()15.(黃岡)—Whatwouldyouliketodrink，girls?—_______，please.A.TwoglassofwaterB.TwoglassofwatersC.TwoglassesofwaterD.Twocupsofteas?名詞所有格分類(lèi)圖解類(lèi)型構(gòu)成方法例子有生命的名詞(人或動(dòng)物)在詞尾加’sTom’sbook;thegirl’sear-ring;thedog’sears;thehero’sname以s,es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只加’thestudents’desks;theworkers’tools;theteachers’office不以(e)s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞加’smen’sclothes;Children’sDay;Women’sDay;sheep’swool無(wú)生命的名詞時(shí)間、世界、國(guó)家、城市等一般在詞尾加’sChina’scapital;Chengdu’sindustries;theworld’spopulation;today’snews其他一般用of結(jié)構(gòu)thedooroftheroom;amapoftheworld;thelegsofthetables;awayoflife特列清單1.用and連接兩個(gè)并列名詞的所有格：(1)當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)名詞表示共有關(guān)系時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’s。如：Maryandhersister’sbedroom瑪麗和她姐姐共有的臥室；LilyandLucy’smother莉莉和露西的媽媽。(2)當(dāng)and連接的兩個(gè)并列名詞表示分別擁有各自的物品時(shí)，兩個(gè)名詞都在詞尾加’s表示所有關(guān)系。如：Tom’sandMary’sbags湯姆和瑪麗他們各自的包。2.表示店鋪、醫(yī)院、診所、住宅等名稱(chēng)時(shí)，常在表示職業(yè)的名詞或是姓氏后加上’s代表場(chǎng)所。如：atailor’s裁縫鋪；abarber’s理發(fā)店；adoctor’s診所；mysister’s我姐姐的家；astationer’s文具店；Chaplin’s卓別林的家。3.所有物+of+’s結(jié)構(gòu)或所有物+of+名詞性物主代詞=雙重所有格。如：afriendofmyfather’s我父親的一個(gè)朋友a(bǔ)penofmine我的一支鋼筆【題組訓(xùn)練】()16.(綏化)InChina，wecelebrate_____DayonJune1st，_____DayonSeptember，10th.A.Children’s;Teacher’sB.Children;TeachersC.Children’s;Teachers’()17.(賀州)—Who’sthatgirloverthere?—Julia，sheisastudentof______.A.myfathers’B.myfatherC.myfathersD.myfather’s()18.(曲靖)Knowledgecanhelpopenupthe_____eyestotheoutsideworldandgivethemagoodstartinlife.A.students’B.student’sC.studentsD.student’()19.(廣東)Katherinewasexcitedtoreceiveadozenofrosesfromherhusbandon_____Day.A.WomanB.WomenC.Woman’sD.Women’s()20.(長(zhǎng)沙)—Istheschoolbagunderthedeskyours?—No，it’smy_______.Heleftittherejustnow.A.brotherB.brother’sC.brothers’04整合集訓(xùn)反饋層級(jí)化()1.Thetwomodelplanesonthetableare____.A.thetwins’B.thetwin’sC.twinsD.twin’s()2.It’scommon_______thatkangaroosliveinAustralia.A.informationB.knowledgeC.directionD.instruction()3.Ahuman________candosomethingsbetterthanacomputer,forexample,itcancreateanewidea.A.headB.bodyC.brainD.arm()4.InEngland,if_____isinthemiddleoftheday,theeveningmealiscalledsupper.A.foodB.lunchC.breakfastD.dinner()5.—Canyoutellmewhotheoldwomanoverthereunderthebigtreeis?—Oh,she’s______grandmother.A.TomandMike’sB.Tom’sandMike’sC.Tom’sandMikeD.TomandMike()6.—Excuseme,isthesupermarketfarfromhere?—No,it’sabout_______.A.8minuteswalkB.8minutewalkC.8minutes’walkD.8minute’swalk()7.Look!The________areplayingfootballontheplaygroundnow.A.boy’sstudentB.boystudentC.boysstudentD.boystudents()8.ItiswellknownthatMr.Smithisagoodfriendof_______.A.Tom’suncle’sB.Tom’suncleC.uncle’sofTomD.uncleofTom’s()9.Wehaveno______inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomecucumbers,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.eggsC.meatD.fruit()10.Therestaurantissopopularhere.Look,therearesomany________here.A.foodB.dishC.peopleD.waiter()11.Allthe______teachersenjoyedthemselvesonMarch8th,becauseitwastheirownholiday.A.manB.menC.womanD.women()12.—IwanttobuythebookTheTransparentCarrotbyMoYan.Doyouknowits__________?—Notreally.Maybe25yuan.A.coverB.sizeC.colorD.price()13.—Canyougetapianoforme,dear?—Butthereisn’tenough______foritinourhouse.A.placeB.floorC.roomD.ground()14.Listen!Agroupof_____aretalkingabouttwo_____.A.Frenchmans;GermanB.Germans;FrenchmansC.Frenchmen;GermansD.German;Frenchmen()15.Hisfatherisnotan_____doctorbuta_____doctor.A.animal’s;children’sB.animal;childrenC.animal’s;childrenD.animal;children’s()16.Ifyouworkhard,you’llgetgood__________.A.gradesB.notesC.lessonsD.answers()17.—Couldyoutellmesomethingabouttheboywhohelpedyoujustnow?—Sorry,Iknownothingabouthim.Weare_________.A.friendsB.neighborsC.classmatesD.strangers()18.—Billisill.Doyouknowwhat’swrongwithhim?—Poorboy.Hisillnessisthe______ofeatingbadfood.A.causeB.resultC.reasonD.end()19.Afterathree-dayheavyra