高中英語高考沖刺語法專題10定語從句（教師版）

高中英語高考沖刺語法專題10：定語從句【問題查找】單句語法填空1.However,beingnaturallycurious,Pandoraopenedthebox,andalltheevilsoftheworld____________werecontainedwithinitescapedandspreadovertheearth.2.Franklyspeaking,heissounreliableaman____________nobodyiswillingtoworkwith.3.Theywanttoseethelovelybeachesandthemountains,____________theycanenjoyagreatview.4.Heisnowreadingabookaboutascientist,____________hedreamstobe.5.Hestillrememberedtheplacesandpersons____________hevisitedthere.6.Teachingisfunandchallenging.Itisajob____________youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.7.Therewasatime____________eachteacherspentanhourtestingstudentsineverysubject.8.Recently,partsofourprovincehavebeenstruckbysevereflood,from____________effectsthepeoplearestillsuffering.9.—Wheredidyoufindthelostdog?—Itwasinthevillage____________wevisitedlastmonth.10.Firstofall,I’mverygratefultomyteacher,MrsChopra,____________trustedmeandofferedmethechancetomakeaspeechhere.11.____________theoldsayinggoes,“Thelongestjourneybeginswiththefirststep.”12.LiMingsucceededingraduatingfromthecollege,____________madehisparentsproud.13.Attheparty,theytalkedaboutthethingsandpeople____________werestillintheirmemory.14.Doyouknowthegirl____________haswonthechampion?15.Theattractivehouse____________windowfaceseastismyparents’.Keys:1.that2.as3.where4.which5.that6.where7.when8.whose9.that/which10.who11.As12.which13.that14.who/that15.whose【要點(diǎn)精講】學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)：掌握定語從句概念，能熟練地分析定語從句句子結(jié)構(gòu)以及成分，并能結(jié)合成分分析使用正確的關(guān)系詞，熟悉高考中?？嫉亩ㄕZ從句陷阱題。目標(biāo)分解：1）定語以及定語從句的概念和作用；2）關(guān)系代詞的作用以及分類；3）易混關(guān)系代詞that/which、which/as辨析；4）關(guān)系副詞的作用以及分類；5）介詞+關(guān)系代詞中介詞、關(guān)系代詞的確定方法；6）定語從句中的主謂一致。目標(biāo)1：定語以及定語從句的概念和作用1）定語的概念定語為句子的次要成分，起修飾限制名詞或代詞的作用，可分為前置定語和后置定語。一般由形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞(短語)或句子充當(dāng)。Ilikeredapples.我喜歡紅蘋果。ThegirlunderthetreeisKate.在樹底下的那個女孩是凱特。定語從句概念與作用定語從句就是用一個句子作定語，并把這個句子放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后面，被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。Thisishisfatherwhoisadoctor.他父親是一名醫(yī)生。Ilikeappleswhicharered.我喜歡紅蘋果。ThatgirlwhoisunderthetreeisKate.在樹底下的那個女孩是凱特。目標(biāo)2：關(guān)系代詞的作用以及分類who，whom，whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who和whom指人，who在定語從句中作主語；whom在定語從句中作賓語，在限制性定語從句中可省略。在口語中可用who代替whom。2.whose指人或物，在定語從句中作定語，指物時(shí)可用ofwhich代替，指人時(shí)可用ofwhom代替。關(guān)系代詞的用法:關(guān)系代詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分省略情況that人或物主語,賓語,表語作賓語時(shí)可省略who人主語,賓語,表語作賓語時(shí)可省略whom人賓語可省略which物主語,賓語,表語作賓語時(shí)可省略whose人或物定語不可省略as人,物或事主語,賓語,表語不可省略目標(biāo)3：易混關(guān)系代詞that/which、which/as辨析1)限制性與非限制性定語從句辨析：1.形式上，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號隔開。2.語法上，非限制性定語從句一般不用that。3.語義上，限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系緊密，起限定作用，如果去掉了這個定語從句，整個句子就不完整或者會改變意思；而非限制性定語從句與先行詞關(guān)系不是很緊密，對先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明或描述的作用。4.翻譯時(shí)，限制性定語從句可譯為一句（較短的一般譯為"的"字結(jié)構(gòu)）；而非限制性定語從句可譯為兩句。2)that/which引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.that多指物，有時(shí)也指人，在定語從句中作主語、表語或賓語，作賓語或表語時(shí)可省略。2.which指物，在定語從句中作主語和賓語，作賓語時(shí)，在限制性定語從句中可省略。另外，which可用來指代前面句子的部分或全部內(nèi)容。3.限制性定語從句中，下列情況只用that不用which：①先行詞是all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much，few等不定代詞；②先行詞被all，any，every，no，little，much，some等詞修飾；③先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或先行詞本身是序數(shù)詞；④先行詞被theonly，thevery(正是，恰是)，thelast修飾；⑤先行詞中既有人也有物；⑥在which或who的特殊疑問句中含有定語從句。4.當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)，下列情況只用which不用that：(1)在非限制性定語從句中，只用which,不用that.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,which,ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.(2)當(dāng)定語從句中的介詞提前時(shí)，只用which，不用that.ThisistheschoolinwhichIoncestudied.3)關(guān)系代詞which/as辨析1.關(guān)系代詞which/as的區(qū)別關(guān)系代詞aswhich位置位置靈活，可位于主句前，中，后只能位于主句之后翻譯“正如，像，由而知”這一點(diǎn)，這件事先行詞非限制性定語從句中，as從句的先行詞往往是句子可以是一個名詞2.拓展關(guān)于關(guān)系代詞as1)as常用在下列習(xí)慣用語中:aseverybodycansee正如人人都能看到的那樣asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知aswe（have）expected正如我們所預(yù)料的那樣asoftenhappens正如經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣ashasbeensaidbefore如上所述asismentioned/saidabove正如上面提到的asisoftenthecase正如往常那樣，往往如此asthesayinggoes,“Youcan’tjudgeabookbyitscover，”astheoldsayinggoes.正如老話所說的那樣：“人不可貌相?！盵來源:2)as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，常用于“so/such/thesame＋先行詞＋as...”結(jié)構(gòu)中。關(guān)系代詞as在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。Ineverheardsuchstoriesashetold.我從未聽過他講的這類故事。(as作賓語)Heisnotthesamemanashewas.他和過去不同了。(as作表語)(1)such...as與such...that區(qū)別such...as中，as引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，賓語等，而such...that中，that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句，在從句中不作成分。TheyhadsuchafiercedogasIhadneverseen.他們有一條我從未見過的惡狗。Theyhadsuchafiercedogthatnoonedaredtogoneartheirhouse.他們有一條惡狗，沒有人敢靠近他們家。(2)thesame...as與thesame...that區(qū)別Iboughtthesamedictionaryasyouborrowed.我買了一本和你借的詞典一樣的詞典。（同一類）ImetthesamepersonthatIsawyesterday.我遇見了昨天我看見的那個人。（同一個人）目標(biāo)4：關(guān)系副詞的作用以及分類常用的關(guān)系副詞：when，why，where(在從句中只作狀語)關(guān)系副詞的分類關(guān)系副詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分省略情況when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語不可省略where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語不可省略why原因名詞原因狀語不可省略1.在口語和非正式場合,when,where和why或相當(dāng)于關(guān)系副詞的“介詞＋which”結(jié)構(gòu)可用that來代替并可省略。2.當(dāng)定語從句中缺少主語或賓語時(shí)，即使先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的詞仍用which/that。3.why或that引導(dǎo)定語從句,先行詞是reason,且reason又作主句主語時(shí),表語從句不能用because引導(dǎo),而要用that引導(dǎo)。其句型為：Thereasonwhy...isthat...或Thereasonthat...isthat...。4.“當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞，如point，situation，case，stage等，如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語，常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語從句；如果作主語、賓語或表語，則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。目標(biāo)5：介詞+關(guān)系代詞中介詞、關(guān)系代詞的確定方法1）“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句常見的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）介詞＋關(guān)系代詞（2）名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞（3）形容詞最高級＋介詞＋關(guān)系代詞（4）介詞＋關(guān)系代詞＋名詞2）“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中介詞的選用1.一般來說，確定關(guān)系代詞前的介詞，可以從以下三方面入手：①先行詞的意義；②從句中的動詞或形容詞與先行詞的固定搭配；③句子的意思。2.表示＂整體和部分關(guān)系＂，介詞常用of。在some，any，few，none，all，both，neither，most，each等。代詞或數(shù)詞的前、后可以用ofwhich/whom。3.有時(shí)＂介詞＋where＂可以引導(dǎo)定語從句，此時(shí)要和＂介詞＋which＂引導(dǎo)的定語從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。3）ofwhom,ofwhich與whose的用法解析。1.whose用法①whose引導(dǎo)定語從句,后應(yīng)緊跟名詞,構(gòu)成名詞短語。②whose引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí),先行詞既可指人,也可指物。③whose在定語從句中與它所修飾的名詞一起可作介詞賓語,可以與介詞一起放在先行詞與從句之間。在whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,可用ofwhich代替whose,但詞序不同,即“whose＋名詞＝the＋名詞of＋which”；而用ofwhom代替時(shí)只能指人,有時(shí)可以與whose互換。2.下列情況只用ofwhich或ofwhom,而不用whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。定語從句的主語是some,many,few,little,much,most等詞時(shí),用ofwhich/whom,不用whose。目標(biāo)6：定語從句中的主謂一致定語從句中的謂語動詞與先行詞一致：當(dāng)引導(dǎo)定語從句的的關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語時(shí)，那么定語從句中的謂語動詞的數(shù)的形式應(yīng)與先行詞保持一致。(1)當(dāng)先行詞是“oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞“時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：TheGreatWallisoneoftheworldfamousbuildingsthatdrawlotsofvisitors.長城是聞名世界的建筑之一，吸引著大批的游客。TitanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathavebeenproducedinHollywood.《泰坦尼克號》是好萊塢生產(chǎn)的最精彩的電影之一。(2)當(dāng)先行詞是“theonly+oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞“時(shí)，定語從句的謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如：TheGreatWallinonlyoneofthebuildingsontheearththatisseenfromthemoon.長城是地球上唯一一個從月球上看到的建筑物。TitanicistheonlyoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthathasbeenproducedinHollywood.在這些精彩的電影中，《泰坦尼克號》是唯一一部好萊塢制作的電影。(3)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾主句內(nèi)容，作從句的主語時(shí)，從句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asisknowntoall.眾所周知，中國已經(jīng)發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。【查漏補(bǔ)缺】單句語法填空1.Dr.Brownisaseniorprofessor______________viewsarewidelyrespected.2.MountWuyiissuchanattractiveplaceofinterest______________everyonelikestovisit.3.Those______________wanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.4.Gonearethedays______________physicalstrengthwasall______________youneededtomakealiving.5.Everyonehasperiodsintheirlives______________everythingseemsveryhard.6.Thepolicefoundtheknife______________Johnkilledhiswife.7.Isthisthefactory______________manyworkersareworkinghardin?8.Themonumentwasthefirstplace______________theywenttovisitwhiletheywereinChina.9.Wecandefineajokeassomethingyousay______________causeslaughter.10.Thephotoremindsmeofthedays______________wespentinCanada.11.Chinatownsarepopulartouristdestinations______________visitorscanexperiencetraditionalChineseculturefirsthand.12.Manypeopledonothaveclosefriendsorcontacts______________havethesameinterestinmusic.13.Gracewillneverforgettheday______________shewasadmittedtotheuniversity.14.May30,2023isamemorableday,______________theShenzhouXVImannedspaceshipwaslaunchedsuccessfully.15.Therearemanyreasons______________Englishissowidelyusedaroundtheworld.Keys:1.whose2.as3.who4.when;that5.when6.withwhich7.which/that8.that9.that10.which/that11.where12.that/who13.when/onwhich14.when15.why【梳理優(yōu)化】解題方法：一、高考常考題型：1.語法填空；2.書面表達(dá)；二、定語從句連接詞選擇步驟：

1）判斷從句類型：先用括號把從句劃出來，然后跳到括號外面看主句成分，根據(jù)成分分析斷定從句類型；

2）確定先行詞：結(jié)合從句所陳述的內(nèi)容明確先行詞；

3）分析從句成分：分詞從句句子成分，排除關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞；

4）確定關(guān)系詞：結(jié)合先行詞以及從句成分分析，確定關(guān)系詞選擇。三、總結(jié)辨析定語從句中的關(guān)系詞，完成下表，并分析關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞間的區(qū)別。關(guān)系代詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分省略情況that人或物主語,賓語,表語作賓語時(shí)可省略who人主語,賓語,表語作賓語時(shí)可省略whom人賓語可省略which物主語,賓語,表語作賓語時(shí)可省略whose人或物定語不可省略as人,物或事主語,賓語,表語不可省略關(guān)系副詞所修飾的先行詞在從句中所作的成分省略情況when時(shí)間名詞時(shí)間狀語不可省略where地點(diǎn)名詞地點(diǎn)狀語不可省略why原因名詞原因狀語不可省略【強(qiáng)化鞏固】語法填空Featuringawindingroute,heavilywoodedmountainsandred,yellowandbluelines,LiyangNo.1RoadinLiyangCity,eastChina’sJiangsuProvince,isoneofthemostwellknownscenicroadsinChina.The365kilometerroadconnects98villages,over220ruraltouristattractions,andseven____1____(surround)countiesandcities.Viewingplatforms,campgrounds,cafesandotherfacilitieswerebuiltalongtheroadtomakeita____2____(good)experiencefortourists.NestlednearmountainsandTaihuLake,Liyang____3____(consider)animportanthubintheYangtzeRiverDeltaregionandboastsasuperiorecologicalenvironment.Butinitshillynorthwest,____4____the“LiyangRuralTouristHighway’sRoadtoHappiness”islocated,thedevelopmentoftouristresourceshaslaggedbehindduetogeographicalbarriers.Therefore,LiyangNo.1Roadisnotonlyalocallandmark,butagateway____5____(offer)peoplethechancetoexperiencenaturejust____6____hopping(跳上)intheircar.VisitorscancruiseNo.1RoadtoTianmuLake,____7____national5Atouristattraction,toenjoythebreathtaking____8____(view).LiyangNo.1Roadisalsocalled“RainbowHighway”becauseofthered,yellowandbluelines____9____(paint)insomesections.ItwasthefirstroadinChinawiththreecoloreddividinglines,andhas____10____(successful)appliedfornationalintellectualpropertycertification.Keys:1.surrounding2better3.isconsidered4.where5.offering6.by7.a8.views9.painted10.successfully【課后練習(xí)】一、單句語法填空1.Isoxygentheonlygas____________helpsfireburn?2.Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace____________welesthefastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21stcenturyarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.3.“TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica,____________alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulexistencewithitssurroundings,”herfablebegins,borrowingsomefamiliarwordsfrommanyageoldfables.4.Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,____________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.5.Itwasinthisoldschool____________thegovernmentbuiltin1968____________hereceivedgoodeducation.6.____________isreportedinthenewspaper,theearthquakeintheeastofJiangxiProvincekilled13people.7.Theytalkedabouttheschoolsandteachers____________theyhadvisited.8.Thereason____________Tomfailedintheexamwas____________hedidn’tworkhard.9.TheTempleofHeavenisaplexofbuildings____________emperorsoftheMingandQingdynastiesinChinaworshipedheaven.10.Occasionsarequiterare____________IcanspendawholeweekwithmyfamilyduringtheChineseNewYearHoliday.11.Thomas,with____________helpIhavemadegreatprogressinEnglish,ishighlythoughtofbyus.12.Haveyoueverdreamedofsinginginfrontofanaudienceofthousandsataconcert,____________everyoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?13.WhenIwentbacktomyhometownyearslater,Isawabeautifulpark,____________hadbeenawastelandformanyyears.14.Thismusicbroughtusbacktothedays____________weplayedhappilytogetherneartheriver.15.Hersister,____________youmetatmyhome,wasateacherofEnglish.16.Hehadthousandsofstudents,manyof____________gainedgreatsuccessintheirownfields.17.Thereason____________accountsfortheirnamesGalileanMoonsis____________theywerediscoveredbyGalileoin1610.18.Manylessonsarenowavailableonline,from____________studentscanchooseforfree.19.SearchenginessearchtheInternetbasedonthekeywordsyoutypein,andchoosesuchwebpagesforyou____________containthewordsyouaskfor.20.____________isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.Keys:1.that2.which/that3.where4.as5.which/that;that6.As7.that8.why;that9.where10.when11.whose12.where13.which14.when15.whom16.whom17.that;that18.which19.as20.As二、語法填空ShennongjiaisoneofthemostpopularscenicspotsinChina.Itissaidtobetheplace____1____theEmperorYanoncelived.Somevisitorshopethattheymayevenencounterthelegendary“wildman”.Theydonotactuallyseeanywildman,___2___they’reattractedbyShennongjia’snaturalwondersandrichbiodiversity.Shennongjia’sbeauty____3____(vary)overtheyearasnaturetakes____4____(it)course.Touristscanenjoyflowerblossomsinspring,beshadedfromthesummerheat,appreciateredleavesinautumnandgoskiinginwinter.Officialdatashowedthattourist____5____(visit)toShennongjiaForestryDistrictreachedmorethan15.5millionlastyear.Andtheforestareaaims____6____(increase)thatannualfiguretoover30millioninthenearfuture.ThejourneytoShennongjiawilltakeuptofivehoursfromnearbyYichangandShiyancities.ByJuly,it’sestimatedthatShennongjiawillbelinkedtoanewlybuilthighspeedrailway,____7____(make)themountainousregionmore____8____(access).____9____Nov.1toDec.31,touristscanbuyadiscountedticketofthesixmajorscenicareasinShennongjiafor99yuan,about5percentof____10____originalprice.Keys:1.where2.but3.varies4.its5.visits6.toincrease7.making8.accessible9.From10.the三、閱讀理解TheGovernment'ssugartaxonsoftdrinkshasbroughtinhalfasmuchmoneyasMinistersfirstpredicteditwouldgenerate,thefirstofficialdataonthepolicyhasshown.FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity（肥胖）.Itisbelievedthattoday'schildrenandteenagersareconsumingthreetimestheremendedlevelofsugar,puttingthematahigherriskofthedisease.Initiallythesugartaxwasexpectedtomake￡520mayearfortheTreasury.However,dataofthefirstsixmonthsshoweditwouldmakelessthanhalfthisamount.Atpresentitisexpectedtogenerate￡240mfortheyearendinginApril2019,whichwillgotoschoolsports.Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturers（制造商）sotheycanavoidpayingthetax.Drinksnowcontain45millionfewerkilosofsugarasaresultofmanufacturers'effortstoavoidthecharge,accordingtoTreasuryfigures.SinceAprildrinkspanieshavebeenforcedtopaybetween18pand24pforeverylitreofsugarydrinktheyproduceorimport,dependingonthesugarcontent.However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milkbaseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallpaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.Today'sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilities（設(shè)施）andhealthiereatinginschools.Helpingthenextgenerationtohaveahealthyandactivechildhoodisofgreatimportance,andtheindustryisplayingitspart.1.Whywasthesugartaxintroduced?A.Tocollectmoneyforschools. B.Toimprovethequalityofdrinks.C.Toprotectchildren’shealth. D.Toencourageresearchineducation.2.Howdidsomedrinkspaniesrespondtothesugartax?A.Theyturnedtooverseasmarkets. B.Theyraisedthepricesoftheirproducts.C.Theycutdownontheirproduction. D.Theyreducedtheirproducts’sugarcontent.3.Fromwhichofthefollowingisthesugartaxcollected?A.Mostalcoholicdrinks. B.Milkbaseddrinks. C.Fruitjuices. D.ClassicCoke.4.Whatcanbeinferredabouttheadoptionofthesugartaxpolicy?A.Itisashortsighteddecision. B.Itisasuccessstory.C.Itbenefitsmanufacturers. D.Itupsetscustomers.Keys:1.C2.D3.D4.B說明文。文章主要介紹了英國政府對軟飲料征收的糖稅來解決兒童以及青少年的健康問題，同時(shí)該收入用于學(xué)校體育。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoftdrinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreducechildhoodobesity.（該稅于2016年4月首次宣布，適用于每100毫升含糖超過5g的軟飲料，旨在幫助減少兒童肥胖。）”可知，征收糖稅的目的是幫助兒童減少肥胖。故選C項(xiàng)。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Itesaftermorethanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavehadtheirsugarlevelscutbymanufacturerssotheycanavoidpayingthetax.（此前，制造商已經(jīng)降低了商店中銷售的超過一半的軟飲料的含糖量，以避免納稅。）”可知，一些飲料公司通過降低了產(chǎn)品的含糖量來避稅。故選D項(xiàng)。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“However,somehighsugarbrands,likeClassicCocaCola,haveacceptedthesugartaxandarerefusingtochangeforfearofupsettingconsumers.Fruitjuices,milkbaseddrinksandmostalcoholicdrinksarefreeofthetax,asaresmallpaniesmanufacturingfewerthan1mlitresperyear.（然而，一些高糖品牌，如經(jīng)典可口可樂，已經(jīng)接受了糖稅，并拒絕改變，因?yàn)閾?dān)心會惹惱消費(fèi)者。果汁、以牛奶為原料的飲料和大多數(shù)酒精飲料是免稅的，每年生產(chǎn)不到100萬升的小公司也是免稅的。）”可知，糖稅主要來自經(jīng)典可口可樂這些高糖品牌。故選D項(xiàng)。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Today’sfigures,accordingtoonegovernmentofficial,showthepositiveinfluencethesugartaxishavingbyraisingmillionsofpoundsforsportsfacilitiesandhealthiereatinginschools.（根據(jù)一位政府官員的說法，今天的數(shù)據(jù)顯示了糖稅的積極影響，它為學(xué)校的體育設(shè)施和健康飲食籌集了數(shù)百萬英鎊）”可推斷，糖稅政策的實(shí)施是一個成功的政策。故選B項(xiàng)。四、七選五Volunteeringmeanstocarryoutadutyorajobwithoutexpectingrepaymentorreward.Theconceptisverypopularinadvancedorrichcountries.Butinsomecountries,manypeoplelookatvolunteeringasawasteoftimeandeffort____1____.Oneisimmediatelyseenasselflessandhelpfulwhenonevolunteerstohelpoutsomeonesuchasafriend，teacherorparent.____2____,whenyouhelpateachertocleantheclassroomorgetinvolvedinacleanlinesscampaignattheschoollevelorothermunityprojectsTeachersandadultswouldlookatayoungpersonwhovolunteershisorhertimeforcertainactivitiesasmature,responsibleanddeservingofrespect.Inaddition,volunteeringwithanorganizationsuchasorphanages,munitycentersandothernonprofitorganizationsallowsyoutointeractwithsocietyatlarge.Inadditiontohelpingtheseorganizationscarryouttheirduties,younotonlygainexperiencebutcanlearnavarietyofskills.____3____.Eventhoughtheyarenotbeingaid,throughvolunteeringtime,effortandskills,onewouldlearnmorethanwhatmoneycanbuy.____4____.Forexample,ifyouvolunteeryourtimeregularlyatacharityorganization,youwouldlearnhowtheorganizationworksandtheimportanceofteamwork,andotheressenceideasrelatedtothedaytodayoperationsoftheorganizations.Thus,withsomanybenefits,students,inparticular,shouldbeallowedtoparticipatevolunteeractivities.____5____.A.YouwillfeelyouareproudB.YourstandingwouldbeliftedC.ThisisespeciallybeneficialtostudentsD.One