網(wǎng)絡(luò)常用測(cè)試工具的應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告

常用網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具的應(yīng)用一、實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模?．了解系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)命令及其所代表的含義，以及所能對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行的操作。2．通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)命令了解運(yùn)行系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)狀態(tài)，并利用網(wǎng)絡(luò)命令對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單的操作。二、二、實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器設(shè)備及器材WindowXP局域網(wǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)相關(guān)理論1．PING命令是檢查網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接狀況的網(wǎng)絡(luò)工具，可以用它來檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)包到達(dá)目的主機(jī)的可能性。2．Win98：winipcfg或Win2000以上：Ipconfig/all命令顯示DNS服務(wù)器地址、IP地址、子網(wǎng)掩碼地址、默認(rèn)網(wǎng)關(guān)的IP地址。3．Netstat是顯示網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接和有關(guān)協(xié)議的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的工具。Netstat主要用于：網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口的狀況；程序表的狀況；協(xié)議類的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息的顯示三個(gè)方面。4．ARP：地址解析協(xié)議命令，用于將IP地址解析為MAC地址。實(shí)驗(yàn)要求：驗(yàn)前認(rèn)真預(yù)習(xí)TCP/IP協(xié)議內(nèi)容，尤其應(yīng)認(rèn)真理解WINDOWS網(wǎng)絡(luò)相關(guān)原理；在進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí)，應(yīng)注意愛護(hù)機(jī)器，按照試驗(yàn)指導(dǎo)書的要求的內(nèi)容和步驟完成實(shí)驗(yàn)，尤其應(yīng)注意認(rèn)真觀察試驗(yàn)結(jié)果，做好記錄；實(shí)驗(yàn)完成后應(yīng)認(rèn)真撰寫實(shí)驗(yàn)報(bào)告。五、實(shí)驗(yàn)原理六、實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟1、最常用的網(wǎng)絡(luò)測(cè)試工具－PING.EXE（1）判斷本地的TCP/IP協(xié)議棧是否已安裝成功C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>pingPingingwith32bytesofdata:用32個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)驗(yàn)證本機(jī)與計(jì)算機(jī)的連接Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=128返回本機(jī)：字節(jié)為32個(gè)時(shí)間小于10毫秒生存時(shí)間為128Pingstatisticsfor:統(tǒng)計(jì)本機(jī)的數(shù)據(jù)：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包數(shù)：發(fā)送為4，接收為4，丟失為0（丟失率為0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概回路行程時(shí)間在毫秒Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小為0毫秒，最大為0毫秒，平均為0毫秒（2）判斷能否到達(dá)指定IP地址的遠(yuǎn)程計(jì)算機(jī)C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>pingPingingwith32bytesofdata:用32個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)驗(yàn)證網(wǎng)關(guān)與計(jì)算機(jī)的連接Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64返回網(wǎng)關(guān)：字節(jié)為32個(gè)時(shí)間小于10毫秒生存時(shí)間為64Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64Replyfrom:bytes=32time=34msTTL=64Replyfrom:bytes=32time<10msTTL=64Pingstatisticsfor:統(tǒng)計(jì)網(wǎng)關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)：Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126Replyfrom8:bytes=32time<10msTTL=126返回網(wǎng)絡(luò)：字節(jié)為32時(shí)間小于10毫秒生存時(shí)間為126Pingstatisticsfor8:統(tǒng)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)：Packets:Sent=30,Received=30,Lost=0(0%loss),包數(shù)：發(fā)送為30，收回為30，丟失為0（丟失率為0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循環(huán)時(shí)間在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值為10毫秒，最大值為0毫秒，平均值為0毫秒（7）用400字節(jié)長(zhǎng)的包Ping指定的IP地址C:\DocumentsandSettings\student>ping-l4000Pinging0with400bytesofdata:用400個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)字節(jié)驗(yàn)證網(wǎng)絡(luò)與計(jì)算機(jī)的連接Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62Replyfrom0:bytes=400time<10msTTL=62返回網(wǎng)絡(luò)：字節(jié)為400時(shí)間小于10毫秒生存時(shí)間為62Pingstatisticsfor0:統(tǒng)計(jì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)：Packets:Sent=4,Received=4,Lost=0(0%loss),包數(shù)：發(fā)送為4，收回為4，丟失為0（丟失率為0%）Approximateroundtriptimesinmilli-seconds:大概循環(huán)時(shí)間在毫秒：Minimum=0ms,Maximum=0ms,Average=0ms最小值為0毫秒，最大值為0毫秒，平均值為0毫秒2、網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置查看程序－IPCONFIG.EXE（1）查看所有配置信息：Winipcfg或Ipconfig/allC:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>Ipconfig/allWindowsIPConfigurationHostName............:r5-045PrimaryDnsSuffix.......:NodeType............:UnknownIPRoutingEnabled........:NoWINSProxyEnabled........:NoEthernetadapter本地連接:Connection-specificDNSSuffix.:Description...........:RealtekRTL8139FamilyPCIFastEthernetNICPhysicalAddress.........:00-E0-4C-4C-A9-DBDhcpEnabled...........:NoIPAddress............:5SubnetMask...........:DefaultGateway.........:54DNSServers...........:03、網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接統(tǒng)計(jì)工具－NETSTAT.EXE（1）顯示所有連接C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>netstat-aActiveConnectionsProtoLocalAddressForeignAddressStateTCPr5-045:epmapr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:microsoft-dsr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:1161r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:8177r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:netbios-ssnr5-045:0LISTENINGTCPr5-045:102899:10018ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1045r5-045:10019ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:16811:httpSYN_SENTTCPr5-045:168222:7211SYN_SENTTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:1027CLOSE_WAITTCPr5-045:10019r5-045:1045ESTABLISHEDTCPr5-045:1031r5-045:0LISTENINGUDPr5-045:microsoft-ds*:*UDPr5-045:isakmp*:*UDPr5-045:ms-sql-m*:*UDPr5-045:4500*:*UDPr5-045:5412*:*UDPr5-045:5999*:*UDPr5-045:6000*:*UDPr5-045:6002*:*UDPr5-045:ntp*:*UDPr5-045:netbios-ns*:*UDPr5-045:netbios-dgm*:*UDPr5-045:1900*:*UDPr5-045:ntp*:*UDPr5-045:1099*:*UDPr5-045:1900*:*（2）顯示所有協(xié)議的統(tǒng)計(jì)信息C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>netstat-sIPv4StatisticsPacketsReceived=142692ReceivedHeaderErrors=0ReceivedAddressErrors=94DatagramsForwarded=0UnknownProtocolsReceived=0ReceivedPacketsDiscarded=21591ReceivedPacketsDelivered=121098OutputRequests=137681RoutingDiscards=0DiscardedOutputPackets=12OutputPacketNoRoute=0ReassemblyRequired=0ReassemblySuccessful=0ReassemblyFailures=0DatagramsSuccessfullyFragmented=0DatagramsFailingFragmentation=0FragmentsCreated=0ICMPv4StatisticsReceivedSentMessages805811Errors00DestinationUnreachable06TimeExceeded00ParameterProblems00SourceQuenches00Redirects00Echos75847EchoReplies47758Timestamps00TimestampReplies00AddressMasks00AddressMaskReplies00TCPStatisticsforIPv4ActiveOpens=17741PassiveOpens=12445FailedConnectionAttempts=13063ResetConnections=171CurrentConnections=4SegmentsReceived=110285SegmentsSent=120741SegmentsRetransmitted=9516UDPStatisticsforIPv4DatagramsReceived=10002NoPorts=59ReceiveErrors=0DatagramsSent=66084、操縱網(wǎng)絡(luò)路由表的工具－ROUTE.EXE（1）顯示全部路由信息：C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeprint===========================================================================InterfaceList0x1...........................MSTCPLoopbackinterface0x2...00e04c4ca9db......RealtekRTL8139FamilyPCIFastEthernetNIC-數(shù)據(jù)包計(jì)劃程序微型端口======================================================================================================================================================ActiveRoutes:NetworkDestinationNetmaskGatewayInterfaceMetric5452055205552055555520155205555551DefaultGateway:54===========================================================================PersistentRoutes:None（2）添加一個(gè)路由C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeADDMASKMETRIC3IF2Manipulatesnetworkroutingtables.ROUTE[-f][-p][command[destination][MASKnetmask][gateway][METRICmetric][IFinterface]-fClearstheroutingtablesofallgatewayentries.Ifthisisusedinconjunctionwithoneofthecommands,thetablesareclearedpriortorunningthecommand.-pWhenusedwiththeADDcommand,makesaroutepersistentacrossbootsofthesystem.Bydefault,routesarenotpreservedwhenthesystemisrestarted.Ignoredforallothercommands,whichalwaysaffecttheappropriatepersistentroutes.ThisoptionisnotsupportedinWindows95.commandOneofthese:PRINTPrintsarouteADDAddsarouteDELETEDeletesarouteCHANGEModifiesanexistingroutedestinationSpecifiesthehost.MASKSpecifiesthatthenextparameteristhe'netmask'value.netmaskSpecifiesasubnetmaskvalueforthisrouteentry.Ifnotspecified,itdefaultsto55.gatewaySpecifiesgateway.interfacetheinterfacenumberforthespecifiedroute.METRICspecifiesthemetric,ie.costforthedestination.AllsymbolicnamesusedfordestinationarelookedupinthenetworkdatabasefileNETWORKS.ThesymbolicnamesforgatewayarelookedupinthehostnamedatabasefileHOSTS.IfthecommandisPRINTorDELETE.Destinationorgatewaycanbeawildcard,(wildcardisspecifiedasastar'*'),orthegatewayargumentmaybeomitted.IfDestcontainsa*or?,itistreatedasashellpattern,andonlymatchingdestinationroutesareprinted.The'*'matchesanystring,and'?'matchesanyonechar.Examples:157.*.1,157.*,127.*,*224*.DiagnosticNotes:InvalidMASKgeneratesanerror,thatiswhen(DEST&MASK)!=DEST.Example>routeADDMASKIF1Therouteadditionfailed:Thespecifiedmaskparameterisinvalid.(Destination&Mask)!=Destination.Examples:>routePRINT>routeADDMASKMETRIC3IF2destination^^mask^gatewaymetric^^Interface^IfIFisnotgiven,ittriestofindthebestinterfaceforagivengateway.>routePRINT>routePRINT157*....Onlyprintsthosematching157*>routeCHANGEMASKMETRIC2IF2CHANGEisusedtomodifygatewayand/ormetriconly.>routePRINT>routeDELETE>routePRINT5、地址解析工具－ARP.EXE（1）顯示當(dāng)前ARP項(xiàng)C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>routeDELETETheroutespecifiedwasnotfound.C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-aInterface:5---0x2InternetAddressPhysicalAddressType200-e0-4c-75-22-3adynamic700-e0-4c-75-22-5ddynamic5400-19-aa-e7-0a-46dynamic（2）添加一個(gè)靜態(tài)入口C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-s1200-aa-00-62-c6-09C:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-s1200-aa-20-a2-25-58-aeC:\DocumentsandSettings\Administrator>arp-aInterface:5---0x2In