第07講名詞和數(shù)詞（核心考點）高考英語一輪復習（全國）

第07講名詞和數(shù)詞(核心考點精講精練)astytastepopulations(population)humanshumanerviewsrepresentativerepresent)diflerent(difference)Waming(Wam)butterfly改為butterfliesprotection(protect)aningfulmeaningwatchtowerswatchtowerswonder(wonder)；truthtrueresponsibilityresponsiblebicycle一bicyclesentdevelopactivitiesactivityntbenefitsdevelopmento3.HereIsincerelyexpressmy(appreciate)ifyoucouldhelpfindthelostsuitcase.yappreciate的名詞是appreciationo故填appreciationo有自己的淵源。分析句子可知，空格處應填入名詞作賓語。故填evolution61(accept)aroundtheworld.eietyenergy或完成某事的力量。還可以指“能源”。antheoldutofbedrThemanneroftheirmeetingmakesagoodstory相見的方式好像有些傳奇顏色。ctingymethod的詳細步驟或程序，也指系統(tǒng)的、抽象概念的原理。dmethodofteaching教學方法methodofstudy學習方法Inthiswayoverseveraldaystheartistandhismicebecamefriends.就這樣過了幾天，這位藝術家和他的老鼠成了Myparentsalwaysletmehavemyownwayofliving.3.cost;price;value;worth;expensecost指生產(chǎn)某種物品的本錢，包括生產(chǎn)中所支付的原料和勞動。一般要低于售hasChinaDailyhasplentyofadvertisementswhichhelptocutthecostsofmakingthenewspaper.?中國日報？刊登大量price常要高于商品的出廠本錢。也用于借喻，italInsteadtheyarewritingoncemoreaboutthingsthataremonfbreveryone:feelingaloneinthemodemworld,thegoodfriendsandsoonrancsatthemostland表示”陸地、土地、地”，是河流和海洋的相對用語。用于指土地或土壤時，著重指它的性質(zhì)、用途等。landtobebuiltonTotheseacaptain'ssurprise,hefoundthatlandtravelcouldalsobequitepleasant.使那位船長驚訝的是，他發(fā)覺陸地ground(n.)表示“地、土地”的意思。主要指大地外表，也可以指土壤、場地。也可用于借喻指”依據(jù)、理由”。foreplantingcropsThentheClass2runnerdroppedhisstickonthegroundwhenhewaspassingitontothefourthrunner.然而，當二班hesoilearth指“大地“，以別于天空。作“泥土“解時，常用于以別于堅硬的巖LaterinafewweekstimeIllputthelittleplantsintheearth里。xercisetrainingdrillngdrillThesefootballplayershadnostricttraininguntiltheyjoinedourclub.這些足球隊員直到參加我們俱樂部才受到嚴alproblemexercise定的”練習或體格熬煉Thebookcontainsaseriesofgradedexercisesadaptedtotheuseofbeginners.書中有一系列按難易排列的練習適于practice主要指正規(guī)的、有條理的、不斷反復的“練習”或把理論道理貫徹在行動中的”實踐Morepracticewillmakeyouspeakwithgreaterfluency.多練習會使你口語更流利。TheintegrationoftheoryandpracticeisoneofthebasicpointsofMarxism.理論和實踐的統(tǒng)一是馬克思主義的根本almarksymbolsign的用語，指一個具有公認意義的、簡潔的、隨便制定的代表Theretheelectricalsignalischangedbackintosound信號又變成聲音。mark跡、記號、商標、特征、分數(shù)”的意思。指印在物品上的記號，可用在好壞兩個方面。作動詞Hegotfullmarksinhismathstest.他在數(shù)學測試中得了總分值。symbol某一特定意義的東西，或成心構成的傳達某一特定意義的ucksymbolThelionisconsideredthekingoftheforestasitisasymbolofcourageandpower.獅子被看作百獸之王，是由于它eating.A.appetiteB.powerC.memoryD.sight【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當人們郁悶時，有些人會失去食欲，而有些人卻忍不住暴飲暴食。A..Trytounderstandwhat'sactuallyhappeninginsteadofactingontheyou'vemade.AassignmentB.associationC.acquisitionD.assumption。句意：試著去理解實際發(fā)生的事情，而不是依據(jù)你所做的假設行鍵詞actuallyhappening實際2.Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentsmayaffectyour.A.conditionB.ineC.creditD.status命題規(guī)律】數(shù)詞在高考中的考點并不多，主要涉及:0—90一fourtyirtyytyhundredand一位或兩位數(shù)字。dredandsevensevenhundredandsixtyfiveo2)1,000以上的數(shù)的讀法:先從后向前數(shù)，每三位數(shù)加一個逗號，第一個逗號前的數(shù)字用thousand(千)，其次個逗號前的數(shù)字用million(百萬)，用”幾十thousand”表示“幾萬“，以“幾百thousand"表示”幾十萬“，幾十million”表示“幾千萬",用"幾百million”表示“幾億"。如:13,789,653—>thirteenmillionsevenhundredandeightyninethousandsixhundredandfiftythreeotwenties9歲。依次類推，thirties表示"三十幾歲”，Hediedinhisthirties.Sheisinherteens.Greatchangestookplaceinthe1970s.Historyhasenteredtheeighties.3)表示不確定數(shù)目時,這時要在million,thousand,hundred等詞后加上s并與of連用,表示大約多至“數(shù)以計〃，但millionsof等前不能再加基數(shù)詞，卻可加some,several等表示不確定數(shù)目的修飾語，而million,thousand,ofMillionsofotherstarsareevenbiggerandbrighterthanthesun.Somehundredsofnewbuildingshavebeenputupherethisyear.Therearetwothousandstudentsinmyschool.組中時，也要用復數(shù)。如：Howmanysevensarethereinfortynine?49里面有多少個7?Theyarrivedbytwosandthrees.他們?nèi)齼蓛傻膩砹恕aitaminute.rilbefinishedintwotwos.請等一下，我立刻就來evenyearoldgirlatwothousandwordarticle文章Heisoneofthefirstfivestudents名的同學之一。Hewonthreefirstprizes得三次第一名。okedquitehealthythoughhewasAinseventyB.inhisseventiesC.atseventiesD.attheageofseventy【詳解】考查數(shù)詞的用法。句意：雖然他已經(jīng)七十多歲了，他看上去很健康。在某人多少多歲時，是在數(shù)2.Twodiedofcoldlastwinter.AhundredsoldpeopleB.hundredoldpeopleedsoldpeoplesDhundredoldpeoplesIttookusquitealongtimetogethere.Itwasjourney.reehourB.athreehourC.athreehourD.threehoursseventhfirst,secondthirdeighteighth母tlvetwelfththirty一thirtiethtyninesixtyninentytwtwentystyfbuhsixtynine一1,2,3特殊記(oneflrst,twosecond,threethird這三個詞變化沒有規(guī)律，需要單獨記)(eighteighth,nineninth,eight直接加h,nine需要去e再加th)ve要用f替(主要是five和twelve,ve變成f,再加th,fivefifth,twelvetwelfth)(主要是針對整十數(shù)，例如twentytwentieth)(變成第幾十幾，不用管十位，只變個位上的數(shù)就可以，例如twentyonetwentyfirst)th【考查點】序數(shù)詞前是需要加定冠詞the的，但也有不用定冠詞的狀況Athirdbulletpassed.物主代詞、名詞全部格或every時，不用定冠詞。如：2.Berlinin1929heldapubliccelebrationonEinstein'sfiftiethbirthday.FromthenonBashitouredthreefburthsofBeijing.Twothirdsoftheareaiscoveredbytrees.Thereisafirstclasshoteloverthere.Hewenttoasecondhandbookshop.Whydidthecaptainfirsthesitateinlettingtheboyriskclimbingthetree?Firste,firstserved.1.atfirst2.firstofall3.fromfirsttolast0課標全國I短文改錯改編)Inthesummerholidayfollowingmy(eighteen)birthday,Itookdrivinglessons.Then,whenIwasinthe(five)grade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachersomuch.【詳解】考查數(shù)詞。句意：那時，我上五班級，我想成為一名老師，由于我特別喜愛我的英語老師。表示“幾thefifth。①對于一些小序號可有序數(shù)詞也可用基數(shù)詞表達.FirstWorldWarWorldWarOne。er0ncesenvironment2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略命題規(guī)律】2.給其他詞性形式(通常為動詞、形容詞)提示詞，填寫名詞；分，確定名詞的恰當形式。另外,命題猜測】語法填空對名詞的考查仍舊會成為高考的重點，主要集中在給出詞根進行詞類轉(zhuǎn)化，依據(jù)習慣用法或固定短語確定名詞，名詞的復數(shù)形式，全部格形式的變化。主謂全都一般會與名詞、動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)放在一起考(1)規(guī)那么變化加一srsdoctorstablessdishesboxeswatchesTheyhavethreetimesasmanycowsaswedo.Thisropeisfourtimeslongerthanthatone.Theyproducedmoreproductsin2001thanthosein2000bytwice.Thisroomisthreetimesthesizeofthatone.Thecollegeistwicewhatitwas5yearsage.Youcan'timaginethatratseat40to50timestheirweight.Thegrainoutputis8percenthigherthisyearthanthatoflastyear.Thelittleboybuysdozensofpencilseveryterm.Thousandsofpeoplediedintheearthquake.EveryyeartensofthousandsofpeoplegotoworkinGuangdongProvince.HeisgoodatEnglish,sohecanfinishthepaperinlessthantwohours.PekingUniversityhasahistoryofmorethan100years.About50peoplewerepresentatthattime.Hissalaryrisesfrom20dollarsaweekto35dollarsaweek.〔1〕分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于1時，分母用復數(shù)。如：onethird三分之一，threesevenths七分t⑵分數(shù)和百分數(shù)后面不能直接接名詞或代詞，而用以下形式：分數(shù)/百分數(shù)+of+冠詞/限定詞+名詞/代詞，其Twothirdsofthemoneywasspentonfood.Aboutseventypercentoftheearthsurfaceiscoveredbywater.point,小數(shù)點后面的數(shù)讀成個位數(shù)，如：表示為ninepointsixfiveo表示為twohundredandeighteenpointthreenine。1.Itisnotrareinpeoplefiftiesaregoingtouniversityfbrfurthereducation.A90s;theB.the90s;/C.90s;theirD.the90s;their【詳解】考查數(shù)詞。句意：九十年月人們五十多歲時上高校深造并不希奇。在幾十年月，在數(shù)詞復數(shù)前加2.ofthestudentsinourclassgoingtothesummercampinBeijingnextweek.A.Twofifths,isB.Secondfifths,areC.Secondfifths,isD.Twofifths,are【詳解】考查數(shù)詞的用法。句意：我們班五分之二的同學下周要去北京參與夏令營。分數(shù)的構成：分子用ahalf22第七路公共汽車BusNumberSevenI0考點四、score(二十)，dozen(打；十二個)的用法第201房間Room20120+5=4twentydividedbyfiveisfour.muptoUptotenmencansleepinthistent.orHespentfourorfivedayswritingthearticle.orsoThedistanceistwentymilesorso.manymanyagoodgreat)many,manya(飾單數(shù)可數(shù)aboutIvisitedthatvillageaboutthreeyearsago.someTheirteamhassomefourorfiveplayers.alotof/lotsof,plentyof,修飾可數(shù)名詞dozensof過關檢測scoresofmillionsof數(shù)百萬4.Weallhavean(expect)thathecanpassthedrivingmillionsof數(shù)百萬5.Wehadno(hesitate)inhelpingthesuffererswhentheterribleearthquakehitthecountry.billionsof億萬much,agreat(good)dealof,alarge修飾不行數(shù)名詞很多、大量6.The(arrive)ofmuch,agreat(good)dealof,alarge修飾不行數(shù)名詞很多、大量amountof,largeamountsofamountof,largeamountsof8.paredtotheadvantagesoftheInternet,thoseofthetelevisionalonewillnotbeenoughtoensureits(survive),andmanypeoplethinkthelatterwillbereplaced.9.You'dbettertakeintoaccountyourown(strong)andweaknessesbeforechoosingamajor.Thelittleboywascuriousabouteverythingaroundhim,andhisparentsalwayssatisfiedhis(curious).1.11likediscoveringthe(different)betweendifferentcultures.eshouldhavebeensomuchdisagreeaboutthedecision13.Sorry,Ican!treadthe(express)onherface.14.Reachingthisagreementsoquicklywasagreat(achieve).15.Thevillagershereallrespecthimfbrhis(devote)tothehealthcare.16.Theywerenotintheleastworriedaboutthe(possible)thatsweetscouldrottheteeth.17.Thegirlkeptworkinghardandgained(admit)totheworldfamousuniversity.18.Anyhowtheydidn'ttrustme,sotheydidn'tdeservea(an)(explain).1.11explainedthateachpersonhasdifferentideasofwhat(free)is.20.Thevillagewherehewasbornhaschangedbeyond(recognize).21.Therehasbeenno(respond)tohisremarksfromthegovernment.22.Variationsofthisprogrammecanbearrangedtosuityour(require).Differentpersonshavedifferent(believe).24.Myparentsareinahuge(argue),andIamreallyupsetaboutit.Wehaveourfurnituremovedtothenewhousewhenthe(decorate)ofthehouseisfinished.Notonlyfoodandclothingbutalsomedicaltreathasbeenprovidedfbrthepeoplewhoneeditinthefloodedareas.giftandasaskill28.Helostthe(elect)byonevote.Nowadaysconcertsheldinsportsstadiumaremonanditseemsthateveryfew(year)thereisanewboybandtryingtobringbackthemagicoftheBeatles.truckbythenaturalsceneryherewhichwasbeautifulbeyonddescribe【解析】考查名詞。句意：我們特別感謝該領域?qū)＜业闹笇?。依?jù)句意可知，空處需用名詞作appreciateesy望,熱望，焦慮〃，是不行數(shù)名詞。故填anxiety.【解析】考查名詞。句意：我們都期盼著他下周能通過駕照考試。本空要使用名詞做賓語，名詞expectation^名詞，依據(jù)an可知，使用單數(shù)形式，故填expectation.【解析】考查名詞。句意：在很多方面，我的殘疾關心我在心理上變得更強大，變得更。形容詞性物主代詞【解析】考查名詞。句意：與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的優(yōu)勢相比，光靠電視的優(yōu)勢缺乏以保證其生存，很多人認為后者將被ry異，故填difference.對，不行數(shù)名詞。故填disagreement.【解析】考查名詞。結合句意〃對不起，我無法理解她臉上的表情。分析句子結構可知，空處需用名詞作賓【解析】考查名詞。句意：如此快速地達成這項協(xié)議是一項了不起的成就。great了不起的，形容詞，后需接名詞；achieve的名詞是achievement,成就，可數(shù)名詞，由空前不定冠詞a可知，空處名詞用單數(shù)形式。故填achievement.【解析】考查名詞。句意：他們一點也不擔憂糖果有可能會腐蝕牙齒。由空前的the可知，設空處應用提示詞【解析】句意：這個女孩連續(xù)努力學習，考上了那所世界聞名的高校。由后文theworldfamousuniversity可式，故填explanation.beyondrecognition無法識另U,故填recognition.【解析】考查可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)形式。different后跟名詞，believe的名詞是belief,意為“，信念〃，由different可gument填argument.【解析】考查名詞。句意：房子裝修完畢后，我們把家具搬到新居子里去了。定冠詞the后要使用其名詞形式，decoration裝飾，裝修，不行數(shù)名詞。結合句意，故填decoration.【解析】考查名詞。句意：不僅為受災地區(qū)的人們供應了食物和衣服，而且還為他們供應了醫(yī)療效勞。結合句意和空格前的形容詞medical可知，此處應是treat的名詞形式treatment,故填treatment.名詞,creativity制造性,為不行數(shù)名詞，故填creativity.【解析】句意：他因一票之差落選了。分析句子可知，空格處做lost的賓語，且前面有定冠詞，所以，要用名【解析】考查名詞單復數(shù)。句意：如今，在體育場進行音樂會是很常見的，好像每隔幾年就會有一個新的男beyonddescription是固定短語，意為"無法形容"，故填description.II.單項選擇(數(shù)詞專練)1.Aboutpeoplewereingtovisitourschool.A.twohundredofB.twohundredsofC.twohundredD.twohundreds2.——HaveyouheardoftheTwoChildpolicy?一Ofcourse.AndIknowmanycoupleshavenewbabiesintheir.A.fortiesB.fortiethC?thefortiethD.forty3.TheOlympicGamesisheldA?eachfouryearsB.everyfouryearsC.eachfouryearD.everyfouryear4.Theboyfailedfourtimes,buthesaidhewouldtryA.afivetimeB.afifthtimeC.thefivetimeD.thefifthtimeeesandgrassA.threefifths;isB.threefifths;areC.threefifth;areD.threefifth;is6.oftheboysinourclassgoingtojointhearmy.A.Twofifths;isB.Secondfifths;areC.Secondfifths;isD.Twofifths;are7.peoplepreferHUAWEIphones,andaboutofthemareadults.A.Thenumberof;fburfifthsB.Anumberof;fourfifthC.Anumberof;fburfifthsD.Thenumberof;fburfive8.Mostofthedoctorsinthishospitalwereborn,andtheyarenow.Ainthe70;intheirfiftiesB.in1970s;inthefiftiethC.inthe1970s;infiftiethD.inthe1970s;intheirfifties9.ItwasthefirsttimeinthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface.A.ayearandhalfB?ayearandahalfC?ahalfandayearD.halfandayear10.Theearthisaboutasthemoon.A.asfiftytimebigsbiesarmiesbodies加一sboys,toys,pianos,photosv-esthieveswives,knives,shelves,livesbeliefs,proofs,roofs,chiefsradiosvideoszoos,tobaccosheroespotatoes,tomatoesegroesheroesechoespotatoestomatoesosolcanosvolcanoesjklllof一fe結尾的以下名詞需要把f或fe去掉，加一ves,。selveswifewivesknifeknivesloaflovesshelfshelveswolfwolves偷thief—thieves;生feliveso信任(beliefbeliefs)；懸崖[cliffcliffs)證據(jù)(proofproofs)上頂房(即房頂、屋頂roofroofs)以上兩種狀況均可的：碼頭侏儒圍圍巾，手絹復數(shù)變二心。在這些詞中，由單數(shù)變復數(shù)時，以上兩種狀況均可，即：碼頭(wharf)侏儒(dwarf)圍圍巾(scarf),手絹(handkerchief)復數(shù)變二心[即以上兩種狀況均可。manwoman復數(shù)時，作定語的man或woman和后面的名詞都要變成復數(shù)。如:womandoctors尾，即fishes,fruitsosasbigD.fiftyastimesbig11.ItisreportedthatAmericanseattoomuchproteineveryday,astheyactuallyneed.A.astwicemuchB.twicemuchasC.asmuchtwiceD.twiceasmuch12.Ittookcourageforthegirltotellthetruth.A.alargenumberofB.agoodmanyC.aplentyofD.agreatdealof13.Thoughinher(seventy),shestillworked8hoursadayinthepetshop.14.Osakaisthe(two)largestcityinJapan.15.Wehopeairpollutionwilldecreaseagreatdealwhenwecelebratethe10.(hundred)birthdayofourcity.16.Afterlookingatthemap,hefindsthisstreetisfourtimesthe(long)ofthatstreet.17.Thenumberofstudentsnowinthisschoolisfourtimesitwastenyearsago.18.It'ssaidthatthepowerplantisnowtwice(large)thanwhatitwas.19.Linda'shairistwiceaslongheryoungersister's.20.Theworld'spopulationhasgrownbysixtimesitwasin1800.―2023年fastpaceddevelopmentofmodernlifewithstcenturyarchitecturalwonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.詞形式；依據(jù)下文的"historicalbuildingsofthepast，z可知，空JiaoQingIhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorefortableand57confident(confidence)speakingEnglish....Theyalsoneedtobereadytogive6](interview)inEnglishwithinternationaljournalists.【56題詳解】開頭，就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌〃和“嬌青〃到來之前，我始終在關心動物園語。分析句子結構可知，空前是冠詞，空后是介詞，所以空處應填名詞作interview,應用復數(shù)形式。故填interviews?！?9題詳解】是對環(huán)境破壞的更嚴峻警告。形容詞weighty后接名詞形式。依據(jù)句中不定rningtampserflieso6.考查形容詞。句意：蜜蜂、蝴蝶和很多其他昆蟲在郵票上看起來可愛而漂亮。系動詞lovely后跟形容詞beautiful,作表語。故beautifully改為beautifulo2022年populationandhomesofgiantpandasandeventuallyeventualachieveadesiredlevelofpopulationinthewild.答andhomes名詞population(種群)的復數(shù)的teaproducingcountry,Chinahasa65(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.。句意：中國是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國，作為國際茶日的主要推動者，中國有責任與其他國a接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。他挽救了我兒子的生命。依據(jù)句意，life與提示詞son之間是所屬關系，故應當cars。故將bicycle改為bicyclesotopeating.A.appetiteB.powerC.memoryD.sight【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當人們郁悶時，有些人會失去食欲，而有些人卻忍不住暴飲暴食。A.2021年e(human)are.ansopictures...alowimpactonthenaturalenvironment.【解析】考查可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)?？崭袼钤~作主語，同時謂語動詞range為非三單形式，因此應使用名詞復數(shù)形geandcanunderstandeachother.【解析】考查名詞的單復數(shù)。主語為Manystudents,"theirfriendorclassmates"中or前后全都,故前面應當把healthyMImarryceremonyin42....【解析】考查名詞。此題考查動詞變名詞,marry—>marriage,這里表示結婚儀式。句意:CharlesDresser于1842【解析】考查名詞。依據(jù)此句中的aftermeals可知，此處指多種菜品，應當用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故把dishbothintermsofgeographicalconditionsandculturalcharacteristics,andoftenprovidesmoneyfbrconservationandbenefitsthe2(develop)ofthelocalareas.science.A.traditionsB.advancesC.pressuresD.examplesA.systemB.methodC.investmentD.environment【解析】考查名詞。句意：在試驗室里，保持物品的清潔和有序有助于供應一個更平安的環(huán)境。A.system體系，Dchildchildrenmanmentoothteethfbot英尺一色etmouse老鼠一micephenomenon現(xiàn)象一phenomenamedium傳播媒介—mediationaljournalists.【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：他們還需要預備好用英語接受國際記者的采訪。分析句子結構可知，空前是interviewso【解析】考查名詞的數(shù)。蜜蜂、蝴蝶和很多其他昆蟲在郵票上看起來可愛而漂亮。句意：依據(jù)上文Thebees可butterfliesactivewastematerialcanalsocausepollutionhersubstances2.〔單句語法填空)Theworkerscutoffsome(branch)ofthebigtreetokeepthepassersbysafe.【解析】考查名詞。句意：工人們砍斷大樹的一些樹枝，以此確保路人平安。依據(jù)some可知，橫線處應當用spleasurebeautyprideeventahugesuccessdrinktwodrinkscoffeeacoffeechalkachalkhairahair一Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeafortinthosetoughtimes.在那些困難的時期，能夠買得起一杯酒會是一件欣【69題詳解】是對環(huán)境破壞的更嚴峻警告。形容詞weighty后接名詞形式。依據(jù)句中不定rning2.(2020?新課標II卷語法填空)ChineseNewYearisa61(celebrate)markingtheendofthewinterseasonandthebeginningofspring.ongtimetofindasolvetotheproblemion2.(單句改錯)WewillarrangeameetingwithmyrelativeatmyhousebecauseIhaven'tseenthemfornearlysixmonthssincetheCOVID19startedtospread.relativerelatives和我的親戚見面，由于自新冠肺炎開頭傳播以來，我已經(jīng)有近6個月沒有(1)一'S全部格STorresandJim'srooms.湯姆和吉姆(各自)的房間。TomandJim'sroom.湯姆和吉姆(共同)的房間。eb