高三英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀每日練習(xí)導(dǎo)學(xué)案59（適合基礎(chǔ)一般的學(xué)生）

閱讀理解每日練59十一Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughannualsubscriptionsinAmerica,usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.Buttherevolutionthatwastakingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears,streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbemonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsinglecopieswasseldomapennyusuallytwoorthreecentswaschargedandsomeoftheolderwellknownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventures(企業(yè))wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowereownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesnewspapersinAmericabeforethe1830s?A.Academic. B.Unattractive. C.Inexpensive. D.Confidential.2.Whatdidstreetsalesmeantonewspapers?A.Theywouldbepricedhigher. B.Theywoulddisappearfromcities.C.Theycouldhavemorereaders. D.Theycouldregainpublictrust.3.Whowerethenewspapersofthenewtrendtargetedat?A.Localpoliticians. B.monpeople.C.Youngpublishers. D.Richbusinessmen.4.Whatcanwesayaboutthebirthofthepennypaper?A.Itwasadifficultprocess. B.Itwasatemporarysuccess.C.Itwasarobberyofthepoor. D.Itwasadisasterforprinters.十二WhocaresifpeoplethinkwronglythattheInternethashadmoreimportantinfluencesthanthewashingmachine?Whydoesitmatterthatpeoplearemoreimpressedbythemostrecentchanges?Itwouldnotmatterifthesemisjudgmentswerejustamatterofpeople'sopinions.However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.ThefascinationwiththeICT(InformationandmunicationTechnology)revolution,representedbytheInternet,hasmadesomerichcountrieswronglyconcludethatmakingthingsisso"yesterday"thattheyshouldtrytoliveonideas.Thisbeliefin"postindustrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業(yè))withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.Evenmoreworryingly,thefascinationwiththeInternetbypeopleinrichcountrieshasmovedtheinternationalmunitytoworryaboutthe"digitaldivide"betweentherichcountriesandthepoorcountries.ThishasledpaniesandindividualstodonatemoneytodevelopingcountriestobuyputerequipmentandInternetfacilities.Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.Perhapsgivingmoneyforthoselessfashionablethingssuchasdiggingwells,extendingelectricitynetworksandmakingmoreaffordablewashingmachineswouldhaveimprovedpeople'slivesmorethangivingeverychildalaptopputerorsettingupInternetcentresinruralvillages,Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelongtermcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofmunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".Asaresult,inthelasttwentyyearsorso,manypeoplehaveetobelievethatwhateverchangeishappeningtodayistheresultofgreattechnologicalprogress,goingagainstwhichwillbeliketryingtoturntheclockback.Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncrossborderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.Understandingtechnologicaltrendsisveryimportantforcorrectlydesigningeconomicpolicies,bothatthenationalandtheinternationallevels,andformakingtherightcareerchoicesattheindividuallevel.However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybeemon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.1.Misjudgmentsontheinfluencesofnewtechnologycanleadto__________.A.alackofconfidenceintechnologyB.aslowprogressintechnologyC.aconflictofpublicopinionsD.awasteoflimitedresources2.TheexampleinParagraph4suggeststhatdonatorsshould__________.A.takepeople'sessentialneedsintoaccountB.maketheirprogrammesattractivetopeopleC.ensurethateachchildgetsfinancialsupportD.providemoreaffordableinternetfacilities3.Whathasledmanygovernmentstoremovenecessaryregulations?A.Neglectingtheimpactsoftechnologicaladvances.B.Believingthattheworldhasbeeborderless.C.Ignoringthepowerofeconomicdevelopment.D.Overemphasizingtheroleofinternationalmunication.4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldbeencouragedtomakemoredonations.B.Traditionaltechnologystillhasaplacenowadays.C.Makingrightcareerchoicesiscrucialtopersonalsuccess.D.Economicpoliciesshouldfollowtechnologicaltrends.輔助學(xué)案十一(1).難詞難句1.annualadj.每年的，年度的；n.年刊subscriptionn.訂閱，訂購(gòu)asmallamountofmoney一小筆錢(qián)amountn.數(shù)量forbidforbadeforbbidenforbiddingv.禁止accordinglyadv.因此，于是politicsn.政治traden.貿(mào)易，商業(yè)；v.做買(mǎi)賣(mài)appealtosb吸引某人amassaudience大量的觀眾dulladj.沉悶的，呆笨的visuallyadv.在視覺(jué)上forbiddingadj.嚴(yán)厲的，令人生畏的，不友善的revolutionn.改革，革命takeplace發(fā)生Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimetheseamountswereforbiddingtomostcitizens.譯：Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.譯：Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtoamassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.譯：2.trendn.潮流termn.術(shù)語(yǔ)，專(zhuān)有名詞，學(xué)期papersn.報(bào)紙，論文beavailabletosb/sth對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)是可獲得的，可使用的publicn.公眾inexpensiveadj.不昂貴的singleadj.單一的copyn.影印本，復(fù)印件Thetrend,then,wastowardthe"pennypaper"atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.譯：Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.譯：3.overnightadv.一夜之間地godowntosp去某地theprinter'soffice印刷公司的辦公室purchasev.購(gòu)買(mǎi)salen.銷(xiāo)售seldom/hardly/scarcelyadv.幾乎不，很少chargev.要價(jià)，充電，控告，管理phrasen.短語(yǔ)fancyn.喜愛(ài)，喜好indeedadv.確實(shí)，的確Ithadbeenpossible(butnoteasy)tobuysinglecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntotheprinter'sofficetopurchaseacopy.譯：Butthephrase"pennypaper"caughtthepublic'sfancy,andsoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.譯：4.venture/enterprisen.企業(yè)pany/corporation/firmn.公司failuren.失敗publishern.出版商havelittledesiretodosth不太渴望去做某事traditionn.傳統(tǒng)youthfuladj.年輕的daringadj.大膽的gettheballrolling使球滾起來(lái)Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor"themanonthestreet"didnotbeginwell.譯：Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.譯：5.academicadj.學(xué)術(shù)的unattractiveadj.不吸引人的inexpensiveadj.不昂貴的confidentialadj.機(jī)密的6.regainpublictrust重獲公眾信任7.betargetedat以…為目標(biāo)8.politiciann.政治家monpeople普通老百姓9.birthn.出生，誕生processn.加工temporaryadj.短暫的robberyn.搶劫disastern.災(zāi)難printern.印刷業(yè)，印刷廠，印刷工(2).篇章結(jié)構(gòu)與邏輯第一大段(Para):Whowereavailabletonewspapersbeforethe1830s?第一段最后一句話功能是：第二大段(Para):Whatdoestheterm“pennypaper”referto?Whowereavailabletothe“pennypaper”?What’stheactualpriceof“pennypaper”?Whatdoestheauthorreallymeanbysaying“ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling”?十二(1).難詞難句1.influencen/v.影響；influentialadj.有影響的whydoesitmatterthat+句子？為什么…那么重要？matterv.重要impessv.使印象深刻2.misjudgmentn.錯(cuò)誤判斷amatterof關(guān)于opinion/view/perceptionn.觀點(diǎn)impact/effect/influencen.影響resultin/leadto/contributeto造成，導(dǎo)致，促成misguidedadj.誤導(dǎo)的scarceadj.缺少的，稀少的resourcen.資源However,theyhaverealimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseofscarceresources.譯：they指的是：3.fascinationn.入迷，著迷revolutionn.革命representv.代表，反映，呈現(xiàn)concludev.推斷出，做出結(jié)論；conclusionn.結(jié)論neglectv.忽視manufacturen.生產(chǎn)，制造negativeadj.消極的consequencen.后果，結(jié)果economyn.經(jīng)濟(jì)；economicadj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的Thisbeliefin"postindustrialsociety"hasledthosecountriestoneglecttheirmanufacturingsector(制造業(yè))withnegativeconsequencesfortheireconomies.譯：thisbelief指的是：4.worryinglyadv.令人擔(dān)憂(yōu)地是munityn.社區(qū)，社會(huì)，團(tuán)體，群體digitaldividen.數(shù)字鴻溝individualn.個(gè)人，個(gè)體donatesthtosb捐某物給某人developingcountries發(fā)展中國(guó)家equipmentn.裝備facilityn.設(shè)施fashionableadj.時(shí)髦的digdugdugdiggingv.挖welln.水井extendv.延伸electricitynetwork電網(wǎng)affordableadj.付得起的washingmachine洗衣機(jī)laptopn.筆記本電腦ruraladj.鄉(xiāng)村的；urbanadj.城市的villagen.村莊donatorn.捐贈(zèng)者fancyadj.昂貴的，華麗的，高難度的assessv.評(píng)估relativeadj.相關(guān)的longtermadj.長(zhǎng)期的benefitn.益處alternativeadj.可替代的，備選的；n.替代物Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.譯：this指的是：Iamnotsayingthatthosethingsarenecessarilymoreimportant,butmanydonatorshaverushedintofancyprogrammeswithoutcarefullyassessingtherelativelongtermcostsandbenefitsofalternativeusesoftheirmoney.譯：thosethings指的是：5.technologyn.技術(shù)；technologicaladj.技術(shù)的municationn.交流transportationn.運(yùn)輸revolutionaryadj.革命性的，大變革的borderlessadj.無(wú)邊界的asaresult因此progressn.進(jìn)步againstprep.反對(duì)，違反，映襯，倚靠turntheclockback時(shí)間倒退governmentn.政府putanendtosth結(jié)束某事regulationn.規(guī)定，條例crossborderadj.跨邊界的flown.流動(dòng)capitaln.資金，首都，省會(huì)城市，重鎮(zhèn)，大寫(xiě)字母labourn.勞動(dòng)力goodsn.商品，貨物Inyetanotherexample,afascinationwiththenewhasledpeopletobelievethattherecentchangesinthetechnologiesofmunicationsandtransportationaresorevolutionarythatnowweliveina"borderlessworld".譯：Believinginsuchaworld,manygovernmentshaveputanendtosomeoftheverynecessaryregulationsoncrossborderflowsofcapital,labourandgoods,withpoorresults.譯：suchaworld指的是：6.policyn.政策，方針nationaladj.國(guó)家的internationaladj.國(guó)際的leveln.水平individualadj.個(gè)人的valuationn.估價(jià)allsortsof各種各樣的directionn.方向However,ourfascinationwiththelatest,andourundervaluationofwhathasalreadybeemon,can,andhas,ledusinallsortsofwrongdirections.譯：7.alackof/ashortageof缺乏conflictn.沖突awasteof浪費(fèi)limitedadj.有限的8.takesthintoconsideration/account把…列入考慮當(dāng)中essentialadj.基本的，必要的ensure/makesure/guaranteev.確保financialadj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的，財(cái)政的；financen.經(jīng)濟(jì)，財(cái)政9.removev.去除advancen.進(jìn)步，前進(jìn)neglect/ignorev.忽視overemphasizev.過(guò)度強(qiáng)調(diào)10.crucialadj.關(guān)鍵的，至關(guān)重要的personaladj.個(gè)人的(2).篇章結(jié)構(gòu)與邏輯第一大段(Para):Whatdoesthe“Internet”and“washingmachine”mentionedinPara1standfor?whatdothemisjudgmentofthemostrecentchangesresultin?第二大段(Para):WhatdoesthefascinationwiththeICTleadto?WhatdoesthefascinationwiththeInternetleadto?Whatdoesthefascinationwiththenewleadto?第三大段(Para):Accordingtothelastparagraph,whatshouldwedowhendesigningeconomicpolicies?答案十一本文為記敘文。文章敘述了“便士報(bào)紙”的誕生歷史。1.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Before1830s，...Accordinglynewspaperswerereadalmostonlybyrichpeople.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwouldappealtomassaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyforbidding.”可知，在19世紀(jì)30年代之前,只有富人才能讀報(bào)紙，而且大多數(shù)報(bào)紙中幾乎沒(méi)有能吸引大眾的內(nèi)容，讓人感覺(jué)無(wú)聊，，視覺(jué)上令人望而卻步。由此可得出那時(shí)的報(bào)紙沒(méi)有什么吸引力。分析選項(xiàng)，A.Academic學(xué)術(shù)的；B.Unattractive沒(méi)有吸引力，無(wú)魅力的；C.Inexpensive廉價(jià)的，不貴的；D.Confidential機(jī)密的，保密的。可知A.C和D是錯(cuò)誤的，只有B符合題意，故選B。2.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段提到“便士報(bào)紙”針對(duì)大眾，很便宜的。更重要的是，在街上可以買(mǎi)的到報(bào)紙。結(jié)合第三段中間的“streetssalesofnewspaperswouldbemonplacedineasterncities”可知，報(bào)紙的街頭銷(xiāo)售隨處可見(jiàn)。由此可推斷出，街頭銷(xiāo)售意味讀報(bào)紙的多了。分析選項(xiàng)可知C符合題，故選C。3.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Thetrend,then,was‘pennypaper’—atermreferringtopapersmadewidelyavailabletothepublic.perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeantnewspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.”可知，這種“便士報(bào)紙”針對(duì)大眾的，在街上可以買(mǎi)的到報(bào)紙。分析選項(xiàng)可知，選項(xiàng)B符合題意，故選B。4.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。第二段“Thetrend,then,was‘pennypaper’”及最后一段“Thenewtrendofnewspapersfor‘themanonthestreet’didnotbeginwell.Someoftheearlyventureswereimmediatelyfailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhoownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesirestochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfulanddaringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.”可知，“便士報(bào)紙”新趨勢(shì)一開(kāi)始并不好，一些早期的嘗試立即失敗了。已經(jīng)進(jìn)入商業(yè)領(lǐng)域的成功的出版商，并不想改變這一傳統(tǒng)。后來(lái)一些年輕而大膽的商人才推動(dòng)了這件事。由此可推斷出“便士報(bào)紙”的誕生是一個(gè)困難而曲折的過(guò)程。分析選項(xiàng)可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意，故選A。十二本文屬于議論文，講述對(duì)信息技術(shù)的過(guò)分迷戀對(duì)國(guó)家，對(duì)個(gè)人，對(duì)慈善事業(yè)都會(huì)有不利的影響。1.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段However,theyhavereakimpacts,astheyresultinmisguideduseof