presentation-英語小組演講

ThefourbeautiesinancientChinaandtheaestheticalstandard(審美標(biāo)準(zhǔn))oftheancientwomenXiShi,alsocalledXiZi,whowasbornintheSpringandAutumnPeriod,theYuestate,istheheadofthefourbeautiesofancientChina,sheisheavenlybeautyandhasgracefulcharm.TheYuestatewasdefeatedbyWu,thekingofYuewantedtostate,soXiShiandZhengDanwerededicatedto(獻(xiàn)給)thekingofWu.LaterXiShibecametheKing'sfavoriteconcubine,disrupting(破壞)theorderofWu.YuestatecrossingtheopportunityandbeattheWustate.XiShi'sbeautywassaidtobesoextremethatwhileleaningoverabalconytolookatthefishinthepond,thefishwouldbesodazzledthattheyforgottoswimandsankawayfromthesurface.沉魚醉——翎翼玉指撥弦萬籟衰，姑蘇臺外水波開。美人笑靨驚天色，惹醉魚兒沉下來。Thesmileofthebeautifulwomanmakesthecoloroftheskychanged,thefishinthewateralsosanktothebottomduetoseeingthissmilingface.WangZhaojun,whowasborninZigui,Hubei

Province.InthefirstyearofEmperorHanJian

Zhao,Wangwasselectedwhentheemperorcallintothebeautyintheworld.Later,shemarriedbeyondtheGreatWalltobuildfriendshipbetweenHanandHunandstopthewarforhalfacentury.WangZhaojunleftherhometownonhorsebackonabrightautumnmorningandbeganajourneynorthward.Alongtheway,thehorseneighed,makingZhaojunextremelysadandunabletocontrolheremotions.Asshesatonthesaddle,shebegantoplaysorrowfulmelodiesonastringedinstrument.Aflockofgeeseflyingsouthwardheardthemusic,sawthebeautifulyoungwomanridingthehorse,immediatelyforgottoflaptheirwings,andfelltotheground.Fromthenon,Zhaojunacquiredthenickname"fellsgeese"or"dropsbirds."李白《王昭君》另一昭君拂玉鞍，上馬蹄紅顏。今日漢宮人，明朝胡地妾。Zhao

wipe

jadesaddle

and

then

ride

west.

Today

she

is

awomen

belong

to

palace,but

tomorrow

she

will

be

the

wife

of

hun.DiaoChanwasaShanxi

Xinzhouperson.ShewasofficialWangYun’ssingerintheEasternHanDynasty.Shewasprettybeautifulandheavenlyfragrance–peony(國色天香),herbeautycouldoverthrowthecountriesandcities.EasternHan，thedynastywasmanipulated（操縱）byatraitor（逆賊），DongZhuo.Wang

YunworriedthatDongZhuowouldusurp（篡奪）theEasternHanDynasty,sohethoughtaseriesofstratagems（計謀）.FirsthesentDiaoChantoLvBusecretly,thensenthertoDongZhuoinpublic.DiaoChanmovedinthetwoperson.Thetwomanwasdeeplyfascinated.OnedaywhenDiaoChanenjoyedthemooninthegarden,thelightwindsuddenlycame,thebrightmoonwascoveredbyapieceofcloud,whichwasseenbyWangYun.Inordertopublicizedhowbeautifulhisdaughteris,WangYunalwayssaidtootherpeoplethathisdaughterwasmorebeautifulthanthemoonbecausethemoonquicklyhiddenbehindthecloudswhencomparedwithDiao

Chan.Therefore,DiaoChanisalsoknownas"outshining

themoon".美人為計凝眉愁，思前想后無心休。一心思報王公恩，無意為國雪恨仇。高貴典雅應(yīng)為貂，歌聲婉約當(dāng)屬蟬。貂蟬之貌使月閉，不知王公情何堪？——《貂蟬賦》Sheisasnoble

andelegant

asamink(貂),hersangisasgracefulasacicada(蟬).DiaoChan’sgoodlooksmakethemoonhid,peopledon’tknowMrWang’sfeeling.YangYuhuan(719-756),alsocalledTaiZhen,theancestralhomeofPuzhou

Yongle(nowShanxi

Yongjicounty),wasborninSichuanChengdu(nowSichuanChengdu).AfterbeingShouwang

Limao’s

rani(王妃),shebecameLiLongji’shigh-rankedimperialconcubine(貴妃).。Afterenteringthepalace,Yangmissdhome.Shecried”WhencanIhavemyday?”Whenshetouchedtheflower.Petalsshrinkedinstantlyandleavesrolled.Then,amaidsawandsaideverywherethatYangYuhuancomparedbeautywithflowers,flowershungitsheadshamefacedly.That'swhyYangalsocalled"xiuhua".長安回望繡成堆，山頂千門次第開。一騎紅塵妃子笑，無人知是荔枝來?！哆^華清宮絕句》杜牧天生麗質(zhì)難自棄，一朝選在君王側(cè)?；仨恍Π倜纳?，六宮粉黛無顏色?！堕L恨歌》白居易Endowedwithnaturalbeautytoohardtohide,Onedayshestoodselectedforthemonarch’sside.Turningherhead,shesmiledsosweetandfullofgraceThatsheoutshoneinsixpalacesthefairestface.Anyaesthetictasteofaneraandwascloselyrelatedwiththepolitical,economic,socialandculturalbackgrounds,andthefactorstothemisthechangeofsocial,whichmeansthatsocialenvironmentconstraintspeopleappreciatingbeautyandactsofpursuitingbeauty.Atonetime,theancientChineseaestheticandideologicalconnotationaren’tjusthappenwithoutfoundation,itmustberootedinaspecificera.商紂先秦兩漢魏晉隋唐宋元明清Rouge(胭脂),akindofhairdressingcosmeticstheancientwomenmostwidelyused,comesfromflowerscalledYanZhi(燕支),soitalsocalledYanZhi(燕支).DatedfromZhouperiod,itcondensedwith(凝結(jié))flowers(紅藍(lán)花)tocleanfaceatfirst.Inancienttimes,thepalacearecommonlyusedrougetomakeup.Rubbingcheekstoothickwascalled“winedizzymakeup“(酒暈妝),alightshinewascalled”peachmakeup”（桃花妝）andfirstthinrougethenawhitepowdercoatwascalled“flychardonnaymakeup”（飛霞妝）.Later,itcanalsowiperougeonthelip,whichistheprototypeofthelipstick.桃花妝Intheearlytime,peopleoftenuse“fair“(粉黛)todescribewomen.Infact,powderisancientwomen‘scosmetics（化妝品）.IntheperiodofShangZhou(商紂時期),thefemalehasthepursuitofbeauty.Peopleknewtoburnleadpowder（燒鉛坐粉）toapplyontheface,makingtheskinsmooth.

InnerbeautyclothingDelicate,obedientandgentle

KingChuperformswaistandtherearemanypeoplestarvetodeathinthepalacemoralityandtalentSimplicitynodecorationTheappearancePre-QinandHanDynastiesWomenthroughfoodintake(食物攝入),themaintenanceofdrugs(藥物的保養(yǎng)),tocondition(護(hù)理)theirlook,bodyandskinfromtheinside.Andatthattimewomenwererespected(推崇)drinkingthedonkey-hidegelatinsoup,whichhavebeendevelopedasahabit,particularlyinthewinter,womenwilldrinkeveryday.Therefore,thewomeninthepalaceallhaveabeautifulface.ThemostinterestingisthefacemakeupofHandynastywomen:Womenarecoatedwithwhitemakeupontheirface,usetheredcoatinginthemouthandtheoutlineoflipsisprettysmall.Thismeansthatfromthenonthe"lookingpale(面如凝脂)","cheerylips(櫻桃小口)"willbecomethebasicstyleofancientfeminine(婦女的)beauty.Thereisnouniformstandardforpeopleofaestheticbeautyofwomen,coupledby（加之）materialconditions,peoplearemorestressedonwomen‘sinnerbeauty,whichisatemperament

beautycultivatedbylyre-playing,chess,calligraphyandpainting.StartingfromtheWeiandJinperiod,thebeautyofwomenbegantogetthevalueoftheindependenceandtobeappreciatedandcherished(珍視).Xuncharmoncesaid“Comparedwithmoralcharacter,thegirl'sappearanceismoreimportant”.Inspiredbyvirtueofthedeclarationofindependence,womenconsciouslybegantohavethepursuitofbeauty.魏晉Mostofthewomeninthisperiod,worewidesleeve,short

Ru(廣袖短襦)andfloor-lengthdress.Herwaistboundedwith"baoyao",andusedclothingtodecorate,andinsertingflowerand"buyao(步搖)"wasalsopopular,whichfurtheremphasizedthewomen'scharmand

grace.Whenmakingup,womenoftenornamentedapointofredoryellow"flower"includingavarietyofshapesbetweentheforehead,andthe"flower"isgivenprioritytotneshapeofleavesorflowers.InthestoryofHua

mulan，theverse(詩句）"combingladyisbeautifulhairbesidethewindow,pastingyellowappliqueinfroutofthewindow"wasjusttheembodiment(體現(xiàn))ofthedecoration.Therearethreetimeschangeofwomen'sclothingstyleduringWei,JinandtheNorthernandSouthernDynasties.First,inthelateofTheThreeKingdoms,peoplecreatedanewstylenamed"shangchangxiaduan(上長下短）"whichisbreakthroughinthetriditionalclothingstyle.Second,thechangehappenedintheJindynasty）.peoplecalled"shangjianxiafeng（上檢下豐）"namelyRu（短襦）becameshortandsummerdresswaslengthenedandwidened.Itmadewomenmoreslim,beautifulandelegantduetofitness.Thethirdgreatchangeoccuredinthesoutherndynasty,song,qiandliang.Duetothepromotionofthenobilityandlandlords(士族地主）,thestyleofbigsleeveandlongdressreacheditszenith（盛極一時）.TotheSui,TangDynasties,therewasabigchangeinthefemaleaesthetic.TheperiodofSuiandTangDynastiesinChina'sfeudal（封建的）societywasaheyday（鼎盛期）,femininebeautyalsoreflectedthesocialfashionofbeingplump（豐腴的）andgorgeous(華貴的).隋唐說到主流，胖就是唐朝女人的主流。唐朝女人以肥為美，因為李姓家族本是突厥的后代，少數(shù)民族整天喝奶吃肉，長得豐滿壯碩。大家都豐滿壯碩，所以看多看慣自然覺得順眼，再加上最高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)也剛好喜歡這一款的，所以玉環(huán)則天之流，就成了主流。主流一旦成為主流之后，大家就很難再理性地問聲為什么，閉了眼睛跟著走就是了。TangDynasty'sdressembodiesthestrongnationalcustomsandextremepioneeringconsciousness,TangDynastyfemale'sdailyclothingexpressfullywomeninTangDynasty'sboldandopen,thepursuitoftheirownbeautyshowthespiritofthetimesofideologicalconceptandtothenewthingstheyhaveagreatenthusiasmonclothing,theypursuittochangesandinnovation,wearingboldlymen'sandHudress.AbigsocialTangDynastyhadbeendressedupverybeautifully.Topless

clothesThebondage(束縛)ofthetraditionalfeudal（封建）thoughtforwomenisverylarge,andthewomen'sclothingisveryelegantinTangdynasty,willdaretobaretheirchestandfullyshowsthetheircurvaceousbody.Likethepoem“giveforbeauty”ofFangGan:“thehalf-hiddenchestlookslikesnow”,and“thechestlookslikesnowandthefacelookslikeacloud"arethebestexpressionsofthisdress.HufuDuring

the

Tang

dynasty,

the

northern

nomadic

people

associated

with

the

central

plains

frequently,which

had

great

influence

on

the

tang's

costumes.Thehufuculturemadetang'swomenfindeverythingnewandfresh.Hence(因此）,aboomofhufufashionswepttheTangdanasty,aswellasitsaccessoriesstandingforhu'slifestyle.Muliandweimao(幕籬和帷帽)aredesignedforwomentocovertheirfacesoutside.ThefeatureofHuihuclothesincludedcollarfolded,narrowsleeve,andlongandwidedressmatchingwaistband.

RuqundressRuqundresswasawomen‘straditionalcostumewhichtheTangdynastywomenoftenwore.Itcontainsashortjacket,askirt,andadecoratedtippet.Thejacketshouldbeshortandsmallwhiletheskirtshouldbefatandlong.Skirtwashightochest,evenwasunderthearmpit(腋).Aftertyingaribbon（絲帶）,neckandchestwereexposed,whichgivespeopleafeelingofelegant（優(yōu)雅）andslender(修長).RuqundevelopedtothetopintheTangDynasty,ithadnovel(新穎的)styles,abundant(豐富的)colorsandgorgeous(華麗的)patterns.Becauseoftheinfluenceofpolitics,economy,cultureandsoon,peoplebegantoadvocateasimpleelegantbeauty.Femalebeautychangedopentoelgant（清雅的）andintroverted(內(nèi)斂的).RoughlyaBuddism

godness

GuanyinBodhisattva(菩薩)offemalebeautyintheap