越軌社會學 第12版 課件 第14、15章 Privileged Deviance、Underprivileged Deviance

DeviantBehaviorTwelfthEditionChapter14PrivilegedDevianceLearningObjectives(1of2)14.1:Comparewhite-collarandblue-collardeviance14.2:Analyzethecharacteristicsofthetypesofcorporatedeviance14.3:Describethesocialprofileofcorruptcorporateexecutives14.4:Analyzethedifferenttypesofwhite-collaroccupationaldeviance14.5:Distinguishwhite-collardeviancefromcommoncrimeLearningObjectives(2of2)14.6:Analyzethereasonsforengaginginwhite-collardeviance14.7:Explainthetypesofgovernmentaldeviance14.8:Characterizeofficialcorruptionfromaglobalstandpoint14.9:Describeneutralizationtechniquesusedbygovernmentofficials14.10:AnalyzethecausesofgovernmentaldevianceIntroductionWhatIsWhite-CollarDeviance?Objective:Comparewhite-collarandblue-collardevianceEdwinSutherland’sconceptofwhite-collarcrimeCharacterizationofwhite-collarcrimeCorporateDeviance(1of2)Objective:AnalyzethecharacteristicsofthetypesofcorporatedevianceDevianceagainstemployeesThreereasonsforcorporations’tendenciestoneglecttheiremployees’healthandsafetyCorporateDeviance(2of2)DevianceagainstcustomersTherearemanydifferentformsofcorporatedevianceagainstcustomersDevianceagainstthegovernmentDevianceagainsttheenvironmentASocialProfileofCorporateCrooks(1of2)Objective:DescribethesocialprofileofcorruptcorporateexecutivesRecently,manycorporateexecutiveswerereportedtohaveengagedinillegalbusinessactivitiesExamplesASocialProfileofCorporateCrooks(2of2)TypicallegalpracticesOccupationalDeviance(1of3)Objective:Analyzethedifferenttypesofwhite-collaroccupationaldevianceEmployeetheftWhydopeoplesteal?EmbezzlementOccupationalDeviance(2of3)ThreephasesofembezzlementFinancialfraudsOccupationalDeviance(3of3)DevianceintheprofessionsMedicalmisconductLawyerlylawlessnessAccountingabuseWhatMakesWhite-CollarDevianceUnique?Objective:Distinguishwhite-collardeviancefromcommoncrimeThedeviant’srespectableself-imageThevictim’sunwittingcooperationSociety’srelativeindifferenceCausesofWhite-CollarDevianceObjective:Analyzethereasonsforengaginginwhite-collardevianceDeviantmotivation:fearoflossandgreedforgainDeviantopportunity:thebenefitofhighpositionandpowerWeaksocialcontrol:LaxlawenforcementGovernmentalDeviance(1of2)Objective:ExplainthetypesofgovernmentaldevianceThetypesofpoliticalcorruptionthatoccurmoreofteninthiscountryincludekickbacks,managementofpublicfundsforpersonalgain,andillegaluseofmailprivilegesElectionimproprietiesDenialofvotingrightPoliticaldirtytricksGovernmentalDeviance(2of2)ElectionimproprietiesCampaignfinanceabusesOfficialviolenceAGlobalPerspectiveonOfficialCorruptionObjective:CharacterizeofficialcorruptionfromaglobalstandpointOfficialcorruptionisverycommonaroundtheworldResearchinvariouscountrieshasindicatedatleastthreemajorcausesofofficialcorruptionOfficialWaysofNeutralizingDevianceObjective:DescribeneutralizationtechniquesusedbygovernmentofficialsDenyingtheobviousIgnoringthedevianceAccusingtheaccuserPromisingtotakeactionJustifyingthedevianceOthermethodsofneutralizationCausesofGovernmentalDevianceObjective:AnalyzethecausesofgovernmentaldevianceSuperabundanceofambiguouslawsGovernmentalcomplexityandpowerCopyrightDeviantBehaviorTwelfthEditionChapter15UnderprivilegedDevianceLearningObjectives15.1:Explaintheelementsassociatedwithrobbery15.2:Contextualizecrimerelatedtocarjacking15.3:Describethecausesofburglary15.4:Describethemotivationsofshoplifting15.5:Explainthetypesoforganizedcrimes15.6:AnalyzetheprevalenceoforganizedcrimeinvariouscountriesagainstUnitedStatesIntroductionRobbery(1of5)Objective:ExplaintheelementsassociatedwithrobberyRobberyasapropertycrimeDecidingtorobformoneyDecidingwhichtargettorobDecidinghowtorobRobbery(2of5)RobberyasaviolentcrimeUnarmedrobberyandactualviolenceArmedrobberyandpotentialviolenceRobbery(3of5)PatternsofrobberyRobbery(4of5)AmateurandprofessionalrobbersAmateurrobbersProfessionalrobbersRobbery(5of5)CausesofrobberyRelativedeprivationEconomicabundanceFigure15.1RobberyLocationFigureTheDifficultyofExplanationCrimesince1980hasdecreasedbymorethan50percent.Why?Table15.1PropertyCrimes,1990–2015Rateper100,000populationCrime19902015Changefrom1990to2015Autotheft655.8223.4?65.9%Robbery256.3103.1?59.8%Burglary1292.2478.1?63%Source:FederalBureauofInvestigation,UniformCrimeReport(2015).AutoTheftandCarjackingObjective:ContextualizecrimerelatedtocarjackingCharacteristicsandtrendsCausesBurglaryObjective:DescribethecausesofburglaryModusoperandiCausesofburglaryShopliftingObjective:DescribethemotivationsofshopliftingAsocialprofileofshopliftersCausesofshopliftingOrganizedCrime(1of4)Objective:ExplainthetypesoforganizedcrimesOrganizationalstructureOrganizedCrime(2of4)OrganizedcrimeactivitiesSellingillegalgoodsands