2019年10月自考00595英語(yǔ)閱讀一試題及答案含解析

英語(yǔ)閱讀（一）年月真題

00595201910

1、【單選題】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北歐人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfbrtheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."1.WhatcanwelearnfromthenewreviewgivenbyPHE?

Peopleliketokeepfitbydoingdancing.

Peopleenjoywalkingtoworkeveryday.

A:

Peopleneglectsomeformsofexercise.

B:

C:

Peopleovervaluetheroleofexercise.

答D:案：C

解析：文章第三段的第二句提到PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbone

strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuture

wellbeing,buttheyareneglected公共衛(wèi)生部門(mén)的評(píng)論說(shuō)，肌肉和骨骼的強(qiáng)化和平衡活

動(dòng)對(duì)健康和未來(lái)的福祉也至關(guān)重要，但它們被忽視了，故選C。

2、【單選題】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北歐人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfbrtheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."2\.Whatistheadvantageofwalkingaccordingto

paragraph3?

Promotingsleep.

Reducingrisksoffalls.

A:

Helpingkeepingbalance.

B:

Improvingbloodcirculation.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：文章第三段的第一句提到Aerobic（有氧的）exercise,suchaswalkingor

gardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthecirculation有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)，比如走路

或園藝。有益于心臟，改善血液循環(huán)，故選D；而選項(xiàng)A、B和C說(shuō)的都是加強(qiáng)和平衡活動(dòng)

的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

3、【單選題】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北歐人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfbrtheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."3.Whichofthefollowingisresistancetraining?

Takinglongwalks.

Goinginfortaichi.

A:

Playingtabletennis.

B:

Doingweightlifting.

C:

答D:案：D

解析：文章第五段開(kāi)頭提到Y(jié)oucanalsomakesureyougoupanddownstairsalot

insteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyisproviding

theresistance你也可以經(jīng)常上下樓梯，而不是坐電梯。這就是阻力訓(xùn)練。你的身體在提

供阻力；’以及文章第四段提到walkingandresistancetrainingusuallytraining

withweights.Theseexercisebotharmsandlegs,strengtheningmusclesand

helpinguskeepourbalance步行和阻力訓(xùn)練通常是負(fù)重訓(xùn)練。這些運(yùn)動(dòng)包括胳膊和腿，

加強(qiáng)肌肉，幫助我們保持平衡，說(shuō)明舉重是阻力訓(xùn)練。

4、【單選題】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北歐人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfbrtheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."4.WhatdoesAnsariliketodoforkeepingfit?

Walkwithheavythings.

Gotoadanceclass.

A:

Doyogainagym.

B:

Takeanelevator.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：文章第八段提到Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagymIdon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthings

around—consciouslyliftingweight."安薩里說(shuō)，她不去健身房，我也不去舉重，但我會(huì)

確保把買(mǎi)的東西帶回家，帶著東西到處跑——有意識(shí)地舉重，只有選項(xiàng)A與之相符，故選

A。

5、【單選題】Walkingisjustnotenough,accordingtoanewreviewofthe

evidencefromPublicHealthEngland（PHE）,whichrevealsamajordisconnect

betweentheexercisepeopleneedandwhattheyactuallydo.Thosewhothought

10,000stepsadayorabriskdailytrudge（跋涉）fromafurtherbusstopmeant

theyweredoingenoughtostayfitandhealthyhavegotitwrong.Peopleshould

alsoallbedoingtaichi,weightliftingorballroomdancing.Aerobic（有氧的）

exercise,suchaswalkingorgardening,isgoodfortheheartandimprovesthe

circulation.PHE'sreviewsaidthatmuscleandbonestrengtheningandbalance

activitiesarealsovitalforhealthandfuturewellbeing,buttheyareneglected.

Strengtheningandbalanceactivitiesnotonlyhelppreventfalls,butalsohelp

improvemood,sleepingpatterns,increaseenergylevelsandreducetheriskofan

earlydeath.Musclestendtobeattheirpeakinour30s,saidLouiseAnsari

fromtheCentreforAgeingBetter,andthemuscletoneisgoingbythetimewe

reach40unlessweactivelyworkonit.Thebestformsofexercise,accordingto

thereviewofevidence,areballgames,tennis,dance,Nordic（北歐人的）walking

andresistancetrainingusuallytrainingwithweights.Theseexercisebotharms

andlegs,strengtheningmusclesandhelpinguskeepourbalance.Ansarisaidthe

typeofexerciserequireddependsonaperson'sfitness."Ifyouareareasonably

fitadultandyoudowalking,youshouldalsodoyogaortaichiortennisor

resistancetrainingwhichcouldbeinastructuredexerciseclass."Butexercise

doesn'thavetobeinagym,sheadded."Youcanalsomakesureyougoupanddown

stairsalotinsteadoftakingthelift.Thatisresistancetraining.Yourbodyis

providingtheresistance.Youdon'thavetogotothegym.Aslongasyouare

feelingtheacheinyourmuscles."Danceofallsortsisgoodformusclesand

balance,fromfolktoballroom."Ifyoudon'tfeelyoucangotoafull-ondance

classbecauseyouareabitweak,standingononelegfor30secondsadayortai

chiisverygood."Ansarisaidshedoesn'tuseagym."Idon'tgoandlift

weights,butImakesureI'mcarryingshoppinghomeandcarryingthingsaround—

consciouslyliftingweight."Theadviceisnotjustfortheelderly."Alongside

aerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaimingtodostrengtheningandbalancing

activitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari."Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerand

thismixtureofphysicalactivitieswillhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremain

independentasweage."5.WhatdoesAnsariadvisepeopletodo?

Doamixtureofexercises.

Exerciseinagymeveryday.

A:

Attendsomeexerciseclasses.

B:

Doaerobicexerciseonceaweek.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：文章最后一段提到Alongsideaerobicexercise,alladultsshouldbeaiming

todostrengtheningandbalancingactivitiestwiceperweek,”saidAnsari.

"Onaveragewe'realllivinglongerandthismixtureofphysicalactivities

willhelpusstaywellinouryouthandremainindependentasweage."除了有氧運(yùn)

動(dòng)，所有成年人都應(yīng)該以每周進(jìn)行兩次強(qiáng)化和平衡運(yùn)動(dòng)為目標(biāo)?！薄捌骄?，我們都活

得更長(zhǎng)了，這些體育活動(dòng)的結(jié)合將幫助我們?cè)谀贻p時(shí)保持健康，并在年老時(shí)保持獨(dú)立；因

此可知選項(xiàng)B、C和D均錯(cuò)誤，故選A。

6、【單選題】Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomendon't

likehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimplyquittheir

jobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.Researchshowsthatin

2016self-employedmenearnedanaverageof￡363perweek,whiletheir

femalecounterpartsearnedathirdlessat￡243.Therealityisthatwomenin

self-employmentrunintoexactlythesameproblemsthatthoseworkingforsomeone

else'sbusinessdo.First,numerousself-employedwomenareinsectorswhichare

traditionallylowerpaid,likecaringandcleaningprofessions.Then,thereisthe

beliefthatwomentendtoaskforlessthanmen,andsotheyaresimplypaidless.

A2016academicstudyshowedthatinemploymentbothmenandwomenwouldtreata

femaleaskingforapayrisedifferentlyfromamale.Althoughtheymightgetthe

raise,thecompanywouldtendtoholditagainstthemandseethemasdifficult

ordemanding.Thisinstinctivereactionteacheswomenthattheycanaskfor

moneybutit'sgoingtobeadifficultexperienceandthey'regoingtobe

resentedforit.Forme,however,thegreatestreasonforthepaygapinself-

employmentisthemotivationbehindstrikingoutonyourown.Formen,themost

commonreasonisbecausetheywanttobetheirownboss,forwomenit'sbecause

theywantabetterwork-lifebalance.Womenhavealevelofcaring

responsibilitiesthattraditionalemploymentdoesn'tallowthemtomeet.There's

alsotherealitythatchildcareisexpensive,andsupportforthisdoesn'tkickin

forafewyears.Womenlookingatsacrificingtheirentiresalarysimplytopay

someoneelsetolookaftertheirchildmightthinkthey'rebetteroffworking

forthemselves.We'reonlygoingtoseemoreofthisascaringresponsibilities

grow.Weknowthatwomenarehitbyadouble-bind（雙重約束）ofchildrenand

ageingparents,thatit'smoredifficultforthemtore-entertheworkplaceafter

takingtimeoutforchildren,andthatthey'remorelikelytoprioritize

flexibilityovermoney.Youmightsaythatthesearechoicesthatwomenmake,and

thatiftheychoosetomakethemthentheyhavetoaccepttheyearnless.Butwhat

wouldhappeniftheydidn'tmakethesechoices?Ifnoonelookedaftertheir

childrenorageingparents?Self-employedwomenaredoingthesamejuggling（同

時(shí)做多件事情的）acttheiremployedpeersaredoing,andthey'rebeingpunishedfor

itinthesameway.Thegenderpaygapdoesn'tdisappearbecauseyouworkfor

yourself-itonlywidens.6\.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheproposedsolution

tothegenderpaygap?

Itisdangerous.

Itisridiculous.

A:

Itisinnovative.

B:

Itishelpful.

C:

答D:案：B

解析：文章第一段提到Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomen

don'tlikehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimply

quittheirjobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.解決性別

薪酬差距的一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單辦法是，如果女性不喜歡雇主付給她們的工資，她們應(yīng)該辭掉工作，

為自己工作。這讓我笑出聲來(lái)，說(shuō)明作者認(rèn)為解決性別薪酬差別是很荒謬的。選項(xiàng)A是危

險(xiǎn)的，文章沒(méi)有提到；選項(xiàng)B是荒謬的，符合文意；選項(xiàng)C是創(chuàng)新的，文章也沒(méi)有提

到；選項(xiàng)D是有幫助的，這種說(shuō)法是錯(cuò)誤的；故選B。

7、【單選題】Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomendon't

likehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimplyquittheir

jobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.Researchshowsthatin

2016self-employedmenearnedanaverageof￡363perweek,whiletheir

femalecounterpartsearnedathirdlessat￡243.Therealityisthatwomenin

self-employmentrunintoexactlythesameproblemsthatthoseworkingforsomeone

else'sbusinessdo.First,numerousself-employedwomenareinsectorswhichare

traditionallylowerpaid,likecaringandcleaningprofessions.Then,thereisthe

beliefthatwomentendtoaskforlessthanmen,andsotheyaresimplypaidless.

A2016academicstudyshowedthatinemploymentbothmenandwomenwouldtreata

femaleaskingforapayrisedifferentlyfromamale.Althoughtheymightgetthe

raise,thecompanywouldtendtoholditagainstthemandseethemasdifficult

ordemanding.Thisinstinctivereactionteacheswomenthattheycanaskfbr

moneybutit'sgoingtobeadifficultexperienceandthey'regoingtobe

resentedforit.Forme,however,thegreatestreasonfbrthepaygapinself-

employmentisthemotivationbehindstrikingoutonyourown.Formen,themost

commonreasonisbecausetheywanttobetheirownboss,forwomenit'sbecause

theywantabetterwork-lifebalance.Womenhavealevelofcaring

responsibilitiesthattraditionalemploymentdoesn'tallowthemtomeet.There's

alsotherealitythatchildcareisexpensive,andsupportforthisdoesn'tkickin

fbrafewyears.Womenlookingatsacrificingtheirentiresalarysimplytopay

someoneelsetolookaftertheirchildmightthinkthey'rebetteroffworking

fbrthemselves.We'reonlygoingtoseemoreofthisascaringresponsibilities

grow.Weknowthatwomenarehitbyadouble-bind（雙重約束）ofchildrenand

ageingparents,thatit'smoredifficultforthemtore-entertheworkplaceafter

takingtimeoutforchildren,andthatthey'remorelikelytoprioritize

flexibilityovermoney.Youmightsaythatthesearechoicesthatwomenmake,and

thatiftheychoosetomakethemthentheyhavetoaccepttheyearnless.Butwhat

wouldhappeniftheydidn'tmakethesechoices?Ifnoonelookedaftertheir

childrenorageingparents?Self-employedwomenaredoingthesamejuggling（同

時(shí)做多件事情的）acttheiremployedpeersaredoing,andthey'rebeingpunishedfbr

itinthesameway.Thegenderpaygapdoesn'tdisappearbecauseyouworkfbr

yourself-itonlywidens.7\.Whatcanwelearnfromparagraph2?

Itishardfbrwomentogetapayrise.

Womenlaylittleemphasisonmoney.

A:

Itisraretoseemenincaringprofessions.

B:

Malesearnmorethanfemalesincleaningprofession.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：文章第二段提到許多自雇女性從事的行業(yè)傳統(tǒng)上工資較低，比如護(hù)理和清潔行業(yè)。

此外，還有一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，女性往往比男性要求更少，因此她們的薪酬也更低。2016年的

一項(xiàng)學(xué)術(shù)研究表明，在就業(yè)方面，男性和女性都會(huì)以不同于男性的方式對(duì)待要求加薪的女

性。雖然他們可能會(huì)得到加薪，但公司往往會(huì)對(duì)他們懷恨在心，認(rèn)為他們很難相處或要求

太高。這種本能反應(yīng)告訴女性，她們可以開(kāi)口要錢(qián)，但這將是一次艱難的經(jīng)歷，她們會(huì)因

此而被憎恨。選項(xiàng)A女性很難得到加薪，符合文意；選項(xiàng)B女人不重視金錢(qián)，該說(shuō)法錯(cuò)

誤；選項(xiàng)C從事護(hù)理職業(yè)的男性很少見(jiàn)，文章中沒(méi)有提到；選項(xiàng)D在清潔行業(yè)，男性比女

性掙得多，文章中沒(méi)有提到；只有選項(xiàng)A符合文意，故選A。

8、【單選題】Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomendon't

likehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimplyquittheir

jobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.Researchshowsthatin

2016self-employedmenearnedanaverageof￡363perweek,whiletheir

femalecounterpartsearnedathirdlessat￡243.Therealityisthatwomenin

self-employmentrunintoexactlythesameproblemsthatthoseworkingforsomeone

else'sbusinessdo.First,numerousself-employedwomenareinsectorswhichare

traditionallylowerpaid,likecaringandcleaningprofessions.Then,thereisthe

beliefthatwomentendtoaskforlessthanmen,andsotheyaresimplypaidless.

A2016academicstudyshowedthatinemploymentbothmenandwomenwouldtreata

femaleaskingforapayrisedifferentlyfromamale.Althoughtheymightgetthe

raise,thecompanywouldtendtoholditagainstthemandseethemasdifficult

ordemanding.Thisinstinctivereactionteacheswomenthattheycanaskfbr

moneybutit'sgoingtobeadifficultexperienceandthey'regoingtobe

resentedforit.Forme,however,thegreatestreasonforthepaygapinself-

employmentisthemotivationbehindstrikingoutonyourown.Formen,themost

commonreasonisbecausetheywanttobetheirownboss,forwomenit'sbecause

theywantabetterwork-lifebalance.Womenhavealevelofcaring

responsibilitiesthattraditionalemploymentdoesn'tallowthemtomeet.There's

alsotherealitythatchildcareisexpensive,andsupportforthisdoesn'tkickin

fbrafewyears.Womenlookingatsacrificingtheirentiresalarysimplytopay

someoneelsetolookaftertheirchildmightthinkthey'rebetteroffworking

forthemselves.We'reonlygoingtoseemoreofthisascaringresponsibilities

grow.Weknowthatwomenarehitbyadouble-bind（雙重約束）ofchildrenand

ageingparents,thatit'smoredifficultforthemtore-entertheworkplaceafter

takingtimeoutforchildren,andthatthey'remorelikelytoprioritize

flexibilityovermoney.Youmightsaythatthesearechoicesthatwomenmake,and

thatiftheychoosetomakethemthentheyhavetoaccepttheyearnless.Butwhat

wouldhappeniftheydidn'tmakethesechoices?Ifnoonelookedaftertheir

childrenorageingparents?Self-employedwomenaredoingthesamejuggling（同

時(shí)做多件事情的）acttheiremployedpeersaredoing,andthey'rebeingpunishedfor

itinthesameway.Thegenderpaygapdoesn'tdisappearbecauseyouworkfor

yourself-itonlywidens.8\.Whatwouldatraditionalemployerdotoafemale

employeewithcaringresponsibilities?

Tellherthenecessityofpersonalsacrifice.

Urgehertowellbalanceworkandfamily.

A:

Refusetogivehertheneededflexibility.

B:

Askhertoconsidergoingself-employed.

C:

答D:案：C

解析：文章第三段提到女性有一定程度的照顧責(zé)任，這是傳統(tǒng)職業(yè)所不允許的，說(shuō)明傳統(tǒng)

職業(yè)沒(méi)有靈活性，不會(huì)因?yàn)槭桥跃陀兴鶎捜?。題目問(wèn)的是傳統(tǒng)的職業(yè)會(huì)如何對(duì)待有照顧

責(zé)任的女性員工？選項(xiàng)A告訴她個(gè)人犧牲的必要性，文章沒(méi)有說(shuō)明；選項(xiàng)B督促她很好地

平衡工作和家庭，文中沒(méi)有提到；選項(xiàng)C拒絕給她必要的靈活性，符合文意；選項(xiàng)D讓她

考慮自己當(dāng)老板，文中也沒(méi)有提到；只有選項(xiàng)C符合文意，故選C。

9、【單選題】Onesimplesolutiontothegenderpaygapisthatifwomendon't

likehowmuchthey'rebeingpaidbytheiremployers,theyshouldsimplyquittheir

jobsandworkforthemselves.Thatmakesmelaughoutloud.Researchshowsthatin

2016self-employedmenearnedanaverageof￡363perweek,whiletheir

femalecounterpartsearnedathirdlessat￡243.Therealityisthatwomenin

self-employmentrunintoexactlythesameproblemsthatthoseworkingforsomeone

else'sbusinessdo.First,numerousself-employedwomenareinsectorswhichare

traditionallylowerpaid,likecaringandcleaningprofessions.Then,thereisthe

beliefthatwomentendtoaskfbrlessthanmen,andsotheyaresimplypaidless.

A2016academicstudyshowedthatinemploymentbothmenandwomenwouldtreata

femaleaskingfbrapayrisedifferentlyfromamale.Althoughtheymightgetthe

raise,thecompanywouldtendtoholditagainstthemandseethemasdifficult

ordemanding.Thisinstinctivereactionteacheswomenthattheycanaskfor

moneybutit'sgoingtobeadifficultexperienceandthey'regoingtobe

resentedforit.Forme,however,thegreatestreasonforthepaygapinself-

employmentisthemotivationbehindstrikingoutonyourown.Formen,themost

commonreasonisbecausetheywanttobetheirownboss,forwomenit'sbecause

theywantabetterwork-lifebalance.Womenhavealevelofcaring

responsibilitiesthattraditionalemploymentdoesn'tallowthemtomeet.There's

alsotherealitythatchildcareisexpensive,andsupportforthisdoesn'tkickin

fbrafewyears.Womenlookingatsacrificingtheirentiresalarysimplytopay

someoneelsetolookaftertheirchildmightthinkthey'rebetteroffworking

fbrthemselves.We'reonlygoingtoseemoreofthisascaringresponsibilities

grow.Weknowthatwomenarehitbyadouble-bind（雙重約束）ofchildrenand

ageingparents,thatit'smoredifficultforthemtore-entertheworkplaceafter

takingtimeoutforchildren,andthatthey'remorelikelytoprioritize

flexibilityovermoney.Youmightsaythatthesearechoicesthatwomenmake,