2015年4月自考00830現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題及答案含解析

現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)年月真題

0083020154

1、【單選題】______grammarsattempttotellwhatisinthelanguagewhile______

peoplewhatshouldbeinthelanguage.

Prescriptive,descriptive

Descriptive,prescriptive

A:

Synchronic,diachronic

B:

Diachronic,synchronic

C:

答D:案：B

2、【單選題】Whentheobstructioncreatedbythespeechorganiscomplete,the

speechsoundproducewiththeobstructionaudiblyreleasedandtheairpassingout

againiscalleda（n）______.

fricative

stop

A:

affricate

B:

liquid

C:

答D:案：B

3、【單選題】Initshistoryofdevelopment,Englishhasdroppedquiteafewof

its______affixes；thusintermsofwordendings,itissimplerthansomeother

languagessuchasRussian,French,andGerman.

lexical

derivational

A:

inflectional

B:

morphological

C:

答D:案：C

4、【單選題】Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudiesthesentencestructureof

languageiscalled______

phonology

semantics

A:

morphology

B:

syntax

C:

D:

答案：D

5、【單選題】Thetwowordshorse"and"animal"areinthesenserelationof______.

homonymy

synonymy

A:

hyponymy

B:

antonymy

C:

答D:案：C

6、【單選題】AccordingtoPaulGrice,theCooperativePrincipleisnearlyalways

observedbutthemaximsareoftenviolated.Mostoftheseviolationsgiverise

to______.

conversationalimplicatures

speechacts

A:

illocutionarypoints

B:

constatives

C:

答D:案：A

7、【單選題】Thefollowingarethemajortopicsofhistoricallinguistics

EXCEPT______.

thehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguages

thenatureoflanguagechangeanditscauses

A:

languagevariationindifferentplacesatagivenpointoftime

B:

methodsandtechniquestoreconstructlinguistichistory

C:

答D:案：C

8、【單選題】______isabilingualcountrywhereFrenchandFlemishDutchare

recognizedasofficiallanguages.

Holland

Canada

A:

Finland

B:

Belgium

C:

答D:案：D

9、【單選題】Thefollowingutterance"Ieggsandeatanddrinkcoffeebreakfast

"ismostlikelyproducedbyapatientwhose______isdamaged.

Brocasarea

A:

Wemicke'sarea

angulargyrus

B:

motorarea

C:

答D:案：A

10、【單選題】Accordingtothe______viewoflanguageacquisition,childrenare

believedtograduallyassumecorrectformsofthelanguageoftheircommunity

whentheir"bad"speechgetscorrectedandwhentheirgoodspeechgets

positivelyreinforced

behaviorist

conceptualist

A:

mentalist

B:

nativist

C:

答D:案：A

11、【判斷題】Modernlinguisticsregardsthespokenlanguageasprimary,notthe

written.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分：正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全分

12、【判斷題】Tonescandistinguishmeaningjustlikephonemes.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分：正識(shí)判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全分

13、【判斷題】Prefixesoccuratthebeginningofawordandmodifythemeaning

ofthestem,butdonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FPrefixesoccuratthebeginningofawordandmodifythemeaningof

thestem,butusuallydonotchangethepartofspeechoftheoriginalword,

Thereareexceptionstotherule評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分；正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全分。糾

正錯(cuò)誤不當(dāng)，酌情扣分

14、【判斷題】Traditionally,twomajortypesofsentencesaredistinguished,

namely,simplesentenceandcomplexsentence.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FTraditionally,threemajortypesofsentencesaredistinguished,

namely,simplesentence,coordinate/compoundsentence,andcomplexsentence.評(píng)

分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分：正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全分。糾正錯(cuò)誤不當(dāng)，酌情扣分。

15、【判斷題】Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzesentencemeaning.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分；正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全評(píng)分。

16、【判斷題】Stating,believing,swearingandhypothesizingareamongthemost

typicaloftherepresentatives

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分；正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全評(píng)分。

17、【判斷題】TheOldEnglishword"Engla-land"cametobe

pronounced"England"throughthetionof"la-la”so

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分；正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全評(píng)分。

18、【判斷題】Socialvariationoflanguageisthemostdiscemibleanddefinable

speechvariation.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FRegionalvariationoflanguageisthemostdiscernibleanddefinable

speechvariation.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分；正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全分。糾正錯(cuò)誤不當(dāng)，酌情

扣分

19、【判斷題】Ingeneral,thelefthemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementof,

andrespondstosignalsfrom,theleftsideofthebody.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FIngeneral,therighthemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementof,and

respondstosignalsfrom,theleftsideofthebody或Ingeneral,theleft

hemispherecontrolsvoluntarymovementof,andrespondstosignalsfrom,the

rightsideofthebody.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分：正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全分。糾正錯(cuò)誤不

當(dāng)，酌情扣分。

20、【判斷題】InlearningEnglishasasecondlanguage,manyactualerrors,

suchas"goed"and“datas”,areattributabletonegativetransfer.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FInlearningEnglishasasecondlanguage,manyactualerrors,

suchas"goed"and"datas,areattributabletoovergeneralizationinsteadof

negativetransfer評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得2分；正誤判斷錯(cuò)誤扣全分。糾正錯(cuò)誤不當(dāng)，酌情

扣分.

21、【問(wèn)答題】Explainthefollowingdefinitionoflanguage:isasystemof

arbitrarysymbolsusedforhumancommunication.

答案：1）Firstofall,languageisasystem,i.e,elementsoflanguageare

combinedaccordingtorules.Thisexplainswhy"ibik"isnotapossible

soundcombinationinEnglish.2）Second,languageisarbiiraryinthesense

thatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweentheword"pen"andthethingweuse

towritewith.Thefactthatdifferentlanguageshavedifferentwordsforthe

sameobjectisagoodillustrationofthearbitrarynatureoflanguage.3）

Third,languageisvocalbecausetheprimarymediumissoundforalllanguages,

matterhowwelldevelopedtheirwritingsystemsare.4）Theterm"human"in

thedefinitionismeanttospecifythatlanguageishuman-specific,i.e,itis

verydifferentfromthecommunicationsystemsotherformsoflifepossess,such

asbirdsongsandbeedances.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：每個(gè)要點(diǎn)占2.5分；解釋不當(dāng)，酌情扣

分。

22、【問(wèn)答題】Explainthethreeactsaspeakermightbeperformingwhenspeaking

accordingtoJohnAustinsnewmodelofspeechacttheory.

答案：1）AccordingtoAustin,aspeakermightbeperformingthree

actssimultaneouslywhenspeaking；locutionaryact,illocutionaryact

andperlocutionaryact.Aperlocutionaryactistheactperformedbyor

resultingfromsayingsomething:itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebrought

aboutbytheutterance；itistheactperformedbysayingsomething.2）A

locutionaryactistheactofutteringwords,phrases,causes.Itistheactof

conveying【itera】meaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.3）An

illocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker'sintention；itisthe

actperformedinsayingsomething.4）Aperlocutionaryactistheact

performedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething；itistheactperformedby

sayingsomething.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：每個(gè)要點(diǎn)占2.5分。解釋不當(dāng)，酌情扣分。

23、【填空題】Designfeaturesrefertothedefiningpropertiesofhumanlanguage

thatdistinguishitfromany_a_______systemofcommunication.

答案：animal

24、【填空題】A_p_______isaphoneticunit.Itdoesnotnecessarily

distinguishmeaning.

答案：phone

25、【填空題】Phonetically,the_s_______ofacompoundalwaysfallsonthe

firstelement.

答案：stress

26、【填空題】Structurally,asentenceisanindependentunitwhichusually

containsanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.

Normallyasentenceconsistsofatleastasubjectandits_p_______

答案：predicate

27、【填空題】_C_______analysisisawayproposedbythestructural

semanticiststoanalyzewordmeaning.

答案：Componential

28、【填空題】WhenXisa_c_______itisinvariablyfalse,forexample,My

unmarriedsisterismarriedtoabachelor.

答案：contradiction

29、【填空題】ThehistoryofEnglishlexicalexpansionisonethatis

characterizedwithheavy_b_______andwordformation.

答案：borrowing

30、【填空題】_S_______variationinaperson’sspeed,orwriting,usually

rangesonacontinuumfromcasualtoformalaccordingtothetypeof

communicativesituation.

答案：Stylistic

31、【填空題】Thenotionthatspeakersofdifferentlanguagesperceiveand

experiencetheworlddifferentlyiscalledlinguistic_r_______

答案：relativism

32、【填空題】Atsomepointinthelatepartofthefirstyearortheearlypart

ofthesecondyear,thebabblingstagegraduallygiveswaytothe

earliestrecognizablestageoflanguage,oftenreferredtoasthe_o_______stage.

答案：one-word

33、【名詞解釋】parole

答案：ParoleisatermproposedbytheSwisslinguistSaussureearlylast

century,whichisusedtorefertotherealizationoflangueinactualuse.評(píng)

分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得3分：解釋不當(dāng)，酌情扣分

34、【名詞解釋】tone

答案：Tonesarepitchvariations,whicharecausedbythedifferingrates

ofvibrationofthevocalcords.

35、【名詞解釋】freemorpheme

答案：Freemorphemesareindependentunitsofmeaningandcanbeusedfreely

allbythemselves,forexample,moon,table,androom.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得3分；

解釋不當(dāng)或舉例出錯(cuò)，酌情扣分

36、【名詞解釋】combinationalrule

答案：Combinationalrulesrefertotherulesintemalizedinthemindofa

nativespeakerthatgroupwordsandphrasestoformgrammaticalsentences.評(píng)

分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得3分：解釋不當(dāng)，酌情扣分，

37、【名詞解釋】reference

答案：Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physical

world；itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthe

non-linguisticworldofexperience.評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：答對(duì)得3分：解釋不當(dāng)或舉例出

錯(cuò)，酌情扣分

38、【名詞解釋】context

答案：Contextisgenerallyconsideredasconstitutedbytheknowledgeshared

bythespeakerandthehearer.Thesharedknowledgeisoftwotypes:the

knowle