2021年10月自考00830現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)試題及答案含解析

現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)年月真題

00830202110

1、【單選題】Thedistinctionbetweenlangueandparolewasmadeby______early

ofthe20thcentury.

Chomsky

Hockett

A:

Saussure

B:

Sapir

C:

答D:案：C

2、【單選題】Whenthevocalcordsaredrawnwideapart,lettingairgothrough

withoutcausingvibration,thesoundsproducedinsuchaconditionarevoiceless.

OfthefollowingconsonantsinEnglish,______isvoiceless.

[f]

[d]

A:

[g]

B:

[n]

C:

答D:案：A

3、【單選題】Intermsofmorphemicanalysis,______canbeviewedasthe

additionofaffixestostemstoformnewwords,and______thecombinationoftwo

orsometimesmorethantwowordstocreatenewwords.

compounding...derivation

pounding

A:

back-formation...blending

B:

coinage...clipping

C:

答D:案：B

4、【單選題】A______sentencecontainstwo,ormore,clauses,oneofwhichis

incorporatedintotheother.

simple

complex

A:

compound

B:

coordinate

C:

D:

答案：B

5、【單選題】Thesenserelationbetween“furniture”and“desk”is______.

synonymy

antonymy

A:

homonymy

B:

hyponymy

C:

答D:案：D

6、【單選題】Speechacttheoryisanimportanttheoryinthe______studyof

language.

lexical

semantic

A:

pragmatic

B:

syntactic

C:

答D:案：C

7、【單選題】Theword"radar”iscreatedbythewordformationruleof

______,whichmeanscombiningtheinitialsofanumberofwords.

clipping

acronym

A:

abbreviation

B:

compounding

C:

答D:案：B

8、【單選題】Englishhasbecomea(n)______forinternationalscientific

journalsandinternationalscientificmeetings,acommonmeansofcommunicationby

whichscientificresultsarepresented.

standardlanguage

linguafranca

A:

officiallanguage

B:

vernacularlanguage

C:

答D:案：B

9、【單選題】BothBroca'sandWernike'sworkindicatedthatthelefthemisphere

structuresareessentialfor______.

hearing

A:

writing

speech

B:

intelligence

C:

答D:案：C

10、【單選題】Afterprelinguisticcooing,thenormalrouteoflanguage

developmentforchildrenfollowstheorderof______stages.

one-word,babbling,two-wordandmultiword

one-word,two-word,babblingandmultiword

A:

one-word,two-word,multiwordandbabbling

B:

babbling,one-word,two-wordandmultiword

C:

答D:案：D

11、【判斷題】ThedistinctionbetweencompetenceandperformancewasmadebyN.

Chomskyinthelate1950's.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T

12、【判斷題】AllvowelsinEnglisharevoiced.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T

13、【判斷題】Themorpheme“mate”intheword“classmate”isabound

morpheme.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FThemorpheme"mate"intheword"classmate"isafreemorpheme.

14、【判斷題】ThewidelyrecognizedandhighlyabstractX-barschemaiscapable

ofreducingtheredundanciesofindividualphrasalstructurerulesandmaywell

capturecertainbasicpropertiessharedbyallphrasalcategoriesacrossthe

languagesoftheworld.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T

15、【判斷題】Componentialanalysisisawaytoanalyzesentencemeaning.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FComponentialanalysisisawaytoanalyzelexicalmeaning.Or

Predicationanalysisisawaytoanalyzesentencemeaning.

16、【判斷題】Ofthethreespeechacts,linguistsaremostinterestedinthe

illocutionaryact.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T

17、【判斷題】TheNormanConquestmarkedthedawningoftheMiddleEnglish

period.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T

18、【判斷題】Alldialectsofalanguageareequallyeffectiveinexpressing

ideas.

正確

A:

錯(cuò)誤

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T

19、【判斷題】Languageisalwaysanecessaryconditionforthought.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：B

解析：FLanguageisnotalwaysanecessaryconditionforthought.

20、【判斷題】Languageacquisitionisageneticallydeterminedcapacitythatall

normalhumanbeingsarebornwith.

正確

錯(cuò)誤

A:

答B(yǎng):案：A

解析：T【評(píng)分說(shuō)明】T：判斷正確2分。F：判斷正確1分，錯(cuò)誤糾正1分。

21、【問(wèn)答題】“FromnowonIwillconsiderlanguagetobeaset(finiteor

infinite)ofsentences,eachfiniteinlengthandconstructedoutofafiniteset

ofelements.”P(pán)leasecommentontheabovedefinitionoflanguage.

答案：（1）ThisdefinitionoflanguagewasproposedbyChomskyin1957．(2)

Itfocusesonthepurelystructuralpropertiesoflanguagesandsuggeststhat

thesepropertiescanbeinvestigatedfromamathematicallyprecisepointof

view．．But，(3)Itsaysnothingaboutthecommunicativefunctionofnatural

ornon-naturallanguagesand,（4）itsaysnothingaboutthesymbolicnature

oftheelementsoflanguage．【評(píng)分說(shuō)明】舉例合理，適當(dāng)給分；解釋意思相近，

酌情給分。

22、【問(wèn)答題】Enumeratethreemajorcausesthatleadtothesystematic

occurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisition.

答案：（1）Interferencefromthemothertongue：Mothertongueinterferenceis

foundatthelevelofpronunciation,morphology,syntax,vocabularyandmeaning,

andcanbepredictedbycontrastingthegrammaticalorothersystemsofthe

nativeandtargetlanguages，（2）Interlingualinterferencewithinthetarget

language：Interlingualinterference，orcross-association,occurswhenthe

learnermixesrulesandpatternsofthetargetlanguageandproducehybrid

structures．（3）Overgeneralization：Theuseofpreviouslyavailable

strategiesinnewsituations，i.e.theapplicationofaparticularpatternor

ruleofthetargetlanguageinmanyotherlinguisticsituations．

23、【填空題】Thereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweentheword“rose"andthe

flowerthatsmellssweet,whichshowsthedesignfeatureofa______ofhuman

language.

答案：arbitrariness

24、【填空題】Astwoallophonesofthesamephoneme/p/,[p]and[p'],whichoccur

indifferentphoneticenvironments,aresaidtobeinc______distribution.

答案：complementary

25、【填空題】Words,suchaswater,go,book,tree,whichcontainonlyone

morpheme,arecalledf______morphemes.

答案：free

26、【填空題】Asentenceisconsideredgrammaticalwhenitconformstothe

grammaticalknowledgeinthemindofn______speakers.

答案：native

27、【填空題】Contextualismisbasedonthepresumptionthatonecanderive

meaningfromorreducemeaningtoobservablec______.

答案：contexts

28、【填空題】Semanticsandp______arebothlinguisticstudiesofmeaning.

答案：pragmatics

29、【填空題】Historicallinguisticsisthesubfieldoflinguisticsthatstudies

1______changes.

答案：language

30、【填空題】Aformofd______existsinmostArabic-speakingcountrieswhere

thehighvarietyisusedinlectures,religiousspeechesandformalpolitical

speeches,whilethelowvarietyisthelocaldialectofcolloquialArabic.

答案：diglossia

31、【填空題】Languagefunctionsarebelievedtobelateralizedinthe1______

hemisphereofthebrain.

答案：left

32、【填空題】Itisestimatedthatduringthefirsttwoyears,achildhasa

verylimitedv______rangingfrom50to100words.

答案：vocabulary

33、【名詞解釋】culturaltransmission

答案：Culturaltransmissionreferstothedetailsofanylanguagesystemare

notgeneticallytransmitted,butinsteadhavetobetaughtandlearned.

34、【名詞解釋】phonetics

答案：Phoneticsisthestudyofthephonicmediumoflanguage；itis

concernedwithallthesoundsthatoccurintheworld'slanguages.

35、【名詞解釋】suffixes

答案：Suffixesaremorphemesaddedtotheendofstemsmodifyingthemeaning

oftheoriginalwordandinmanycaseschangingitspartofspeech.

36、【名詞解釋】parameters

答案：ParametersaresyntacticoptionsofUGthatallowgeneralprinciples

tooperateinonewayoranotherandcontributetosignificant

linguisticvariationsbetweenandamongnaturallanguages.

37、【名詞解釋】reference

答案：Referencemeanswhatalinguisticformreferstointhereal,physical

world:itdealswiththerelationshipbetweenthelinguisticelementandthe

non-linguisticworldofexperience.

38、【名詞解釋】CooperativePrin