2016年4月自考00832英語詞匯學試題及答案含解析

英語詞匯學年月真題

0083220164

1、【單選題】Lexicologyisabranchoflinguistics,inquiringintotheorigins

and____ofwords.

sounds

meanings

A:

forms

B:

spellings

C:

答D:案：B

解析：詞匯學是語言學的一個分支，研究詞匯的起源和意義。

2、【單選題】ThedefinitionofawordcomprisesthefollowingpointsEXCEPT____.

asoundunity

aunitofmeaning

A:

thesmallestformofalanguage

B:

aformthatcanfunctionaloneinasentence

C:

答D:案：C

解析：從結(jié)構(gòu)上講，詞并不是最小的單位，詞素（morpheme）才是。

3、【單選題】Englishwordsmayfallintocontentwordsandfunctionalwords

by____.

notion

usefrequency

A:

origin

B:

form

C:

答D:案：A

解析：不同的分類標準，就有不同的分類。按照origin來分，可以分為本族語詞

（nativewords）和外來語（borrowedwords）；按照usefrequence來分，可以分為基

本詞匯（basicwordstock)和非基本詞匯（nonbasicvocabulary）；按照意義

（notion）來分，詞語可以分為實意詞（contentwords）和功能詞（functionalwords）,

因此，答案是A。

4、【單選題】TheIndo-Europeanismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofthe

followingareasEXCEPT

Europe

theMediterranean

A:

theNearEast

B:

India

C:

答D:案：B

解析：印歐語系的構(gòu)成有歐洲大部分語言，近東和印度的語言。

5、【單選題】Inthe9thcentury,EnglandwasinvadedbyNorwegianandDanish

Vikingsandmany____wordscameintotheEnglishlanguage.

Celtic

Latin

A:

Scandinavian

B:

Greek

C:

答D:案：C

解析：9世紀時，挪威人和丹麥維京人入侵英國。挪威和丹麥均位于斯堪的納維亞半島，

入侵英國后，他們也將大量的斯堪的納維亞詞匯帶入英國。

6、【單選題】Newwordsorexpressionslikeastrobiology,earthrise,openheart

surgerycomeintopresent-dayEnglishvocabularydueto____.

thegrowthofglobalization

social,economicandpoliticalchanges

A:

rapidgrowthofscienceandtechnology

B:

theinfluenceofotherculturesandlanguages

C:

答D:案：C

解析：天體生物學、地出、心內(nèi)直視手術(shù)，這些詞匯都是由于科技的發(fā)展而產(chǎn)生的新詞

匯。

7、【單選題】Rootwordslikeman,earth,angerarealsocalled____.

allomorphs

freemorphemes

A:

basicwords

B:

boundmorphemes

C:

D:

答案：B

解析：彼此之間相互獨立的詞素叫做自由詞素，其本身具有完整的意義，在句子中用作自

由語法單位。

8、【單選題】Thereare____morphemesinthewordscollection,idealistic,

prisoner.

3

6

A:

7

B:

8

C:

答D:案：C

9、【單選題】Whichofthefollowingisasteminthewordinternationalists!

inter

nation

A:

al

B:

ist

C:

答D:案：B

10、【單選題】TheexpansionofvocabularyinmodemEnglishdependschiefly

on____.

borrowing

semanticchange

A:

word-formation

B:

blending

C:

答D:案：C

11、【單選題】Ofthefollowingprefixes,____isaprefixofdegree.

un-(unwrap)

super-(superfreeze)

A:

pseudo-(pseudo-friend)

B:

anti-(anti-nuclear)

C:

答D:案：B

解析：super-是一個表示程度是前綴，有超出、超過的意義。

12、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingwordsisNOTacompound?

honey-bee

without

A:

clockwise

B:

blueprint

C:

答D:案：C

13、【單選題】____explainstheconnectionbetweentheliteralsenseand

figurativesenseofaword.

Onomatopoeicmotivation

Morphologicalmotivation

A:

Semanticmotivation

B:

Etymologicalmotivation

C:

答D:案：C

14、【單選題】Frommuchmoney,manybooks,wecanseethateveninthesame

languagethesame____canbeexpressedindifferentwords.

reference

concept

A:

motivation

B:

type

C:

答D:案：B

解析：much和many表示的概念意義相同，但是由于修飾不同類型的名詞，它們的用法和

拼寫不同。

15、【單選題】AssociativemeaningcomprisesthefollowingtypesEXCEPT____.

connotativemeaning

affectivemeaning

A:

conceptualmeaning

B:

collocativemeaning

C:

答D:案：C

解析：associativemeaning包含四個類型，connotative,stylistic,affective和

collocative。不包含C選項，而conceptualmeaning和associativemeaning是并列的

關(guān)系，而非包含關(guān)系。

16、【單選題】Whenawordiscoined,itisalwaysmonosemic.Butinthecourse

ofdevelopment,thesamesymbolmustbeusedtoexpressmoremeanings.The

resultis____.

polysemy

homonymy

A:

synonymy

B:

antonymy

C:

答D:案：A

解析：同一個符號表達了多種意思，其結(jié)果就是形成了多義詞）（polysemy）。

17、【單選題】Inthesenserelations,thewordsrightandwritebelongto____.

perfecthomonyms

homographs

A:

homophones

B:

homolog

C:

答D:案：C

解析：right和write是同音異形異義詞。

18、【單選題】Asaresultof____—oneofthesourcesofsynonyms,gaintheupper

handbecomesthesynonymofwin.

borrowing

dialectsandregionalEnglish

A:

figurativeandeuphemisticuseofwords

B:

coincidencewithidiomaticexpressions

C:

答D:案：D

解析：同義詞的來源有四種，題中考察的是與習語的巧合。gaintheupperhand是一句

習語，表示“贏；占上風”。

19、【單選題】Thewordsillyusedtomean“happy”，butnowmeans“foolish”.

Thisexampleshows____ofmeaning.

extension

narrowing

A:

degradation

B:

transfer

C:

D:

答案：C

解析：詞義從褒義變成貶義，意義上發(fā)生了降格。

20、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingwordshasNOTundergonenarrowingof

meaning?

voyage:journey->journeybywater

box:containermadeofboxwood—>anycontainer

A:

starve:die->diefromhunger

B:

girl:youngpersonofeithersex->femaleyoungperson

C:

答D:案：B

21、【單選題】Pursefor“money”，dishfor“food”areallinstances

of____transfer.

abstract

subjective

A:

associated

B:

objective

C:

答D:案：C

解析：錢包指代錢，盤子指代食物，用的都是詞匯聯(lián)想意義的轉(zhuǎn)移。

22、【單選題】Manyfamiliarwordshavedifferentmeanings,whentheyareusedin

differentcontexts.Studythefollowingsentencescarefullyanddecideinwhich

sentencefixmeans"predicamenf".

Janetisinaterribleflx!

Thedrugaddictwasdesperatefor

A:

Ifyoubringoveryourbicycle,I'llfixitforyou.

B:

Whentheradiosignalcomesonagain,I'lltakeafixonourposition.

C:

答D:案：A

解析：首先要了解predicament的意義，表示“困境，窘?jīng)r”，A選項中的句子符合。

23、【單選題】Heisahardbusinessman.Theabovesentencehasambiguitydue

to____.

polysemy

homonymy

A:

antonymy

B:

C:

grammaticalstructure

答D:案：A

解析：該句之所以會造成歧義是由于多義詞的存在。hard可以理解成（工作）努力的，或

者（對他人）苛刻的，等若干含義。

24、【單選題】____isusedascontextclueinthefollowingsentence:It'sjust

onemoreincredibleresultofthedevelopmentofmicroprocessors—thosetinyparts

ofacomputercommonlyknownas“siliconchips”.

Antonymy

Synonymy

A:

Explanation

B:

Wordstructure

C:

答D:案：C

解析：這段話通過“詮釋”的方式提供了猜測含義的線索。

25、【單選題】Theidiomdiamondcutdiamondisgrammaticallyincorrect,for

normallytheverbcutshouldtakethethirdpersonsingulars.However,weuseit

asitis.Thisshowsthat____.

manyidiomsaregrammaticallyunanalysable

thewordorderofidiomscannotbeinvertedorchanged

A:

thestructureofanidiomistoalargeextentunchangeable

B:

theconstituentsofanidiomcannotbedeletedoraddedto

C:

答D:案：A

解析：雖然這句習語從語法上分析是不正確的，但我們依然這樣在用，說明了習語的一個

特點就是不講究語法。

26、【單選題】TheEnglishidiom____means“relativesorfamily”.

whiteelephant

fleshandblood

A:

anappleofdiscord

B:

flyintheointment

C:

答D:案：B

27、【單選題】Therhetoricaldeviceofalliterationisusedintheidiom____.

toilandmoil

wearandtear

A:

hustleandbustle

B:

bagandbaggage

C:

答D:案：D

解析：alliteration押頭韻，即兩個詞開頭的輔音應(yīng)該一致。

28、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

Monolingualdictionariesarewritteninonelanguage.

Bilingualdictionariesinvolvetwolanguages.

A:

Anunabridgeddictionaryisashortenedone.

B:

Specialdictionariesconcentrateonaparticularareaoflanguageorknowledge.

C:

答D:案：C

29、【單選題】Whenyousee“theatreAmEtheater”inadictionary,youcanget

informationof____.

grammar

pronunciation

A:

usage

B:

spelling

C:

答D:案：D

30、【單選題】WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheproperChineseequivalentfor

itsEnglishitem?

吃軟不吃硬--opentopersuasion,butnottocoercion

布衣素食--wearcottonclothesandeatvegetablefood

A:

她很會哄孩子--Shehasawaywithchildren.

B:

沒詞兒--besuckforananswer

C:

答D:案：B

31、【問答題】Whatdoesthefollowinggroupofwordsshowusasregardsthemain

sourcesofnewwords?soymilk,familymovies,telequiz,Watergate,open

university

答案：(Thesewordsshowusthat)Social.economicandpoliticalchangesbring

aboutanincreasingnumberofnewwords.

32、【問答題】Groupthefollowingwordsintodenominalnouns,deverbalnounsand

de-adjectivalnouns,accordingtothenounsuffixesfixedattheendofeachword.

cigarette，slavery,productivity，protection,assistant，trainee,largeness，

friendship

答案：Denominalnouns:cigarette,slavery,friendshipDeverbalnouns:trainee,

assistant,protectionDe-adjectivalnouns:productivity,largeness

33、【問答題】Howpoliceman,constable,bobbyandcopdifferinthesenseof

connotation?

答案：Amongthem,policemanandconstablearestylisticallyneutral,yetthe

formerisusedbothinBritishEnglishandAmcricanEnglishwhilethelatteris

onlyinBritish.Bubbyiscolloquial,usedonlyinBritishEnglishandcop

isslang.

34、【問答題】Explaincontextinanarrowsense.Hewasinamoodofcomplete

euphoria,hishappinessbeingtheresultofanannouncementthathehadwonthe

sweepstakes.

答案：Inanarrowsense,contextreferstothewords,clauses,sentencesin

whichawordappears.Thisisknownaslinguisticcontexi,whichmaycovera

paragraph,awholechapterandeventheentirebook.

35、【問答題】Illustratethedifferencesbetweenblendingandclippingbytaking

motel,medicare,quake,fluasexamples.

答案：Blendingistheformationofnewwordsbycombiningpartsoftwowords

orawordplusapartofanotherword,asisshownbymotelandmedicare.Motel

iscombinationofmotor+hotelandmedicareacombinationofmedical+care.

Clippingisanotherwayofmakingawordwhichistoshortenalongerword

bycuttingapartofftheoriginalandusingwhatremainsinstead,asisshown

byquakeandflu.Quakeistheshortenedformofearthquakeandfluis

theshortenedformofingfluenza.

36、【問答題】Commentonthefollowingpairofsentencesintermsof

superordinatesandsubordinates.A)Treessurroundthewaternearoursummerplace.

B)Oldelmssurroundthelakenearoursummercabin.

答案：ItisnotdifficulttojudgethatsentenceBisbetterthansentence

A,becauseinthewriterusessubordinates,whichareconcreteand

precise,presentingavividverbalpicturebeforethereaderwhereasinAthe

wordsusedaresuperordinates,whichconveyonlyageneralandvagueidea.

However,thisdoesnotmeanhypoaymsarebetterthansuperordinates.A

goodpieceofwritingoftenneedsbothworkingmutuallytoachievethe

desitedeffect.

37、【填空題】Technicaltermsusedinparticulardisciplinesandacademicareas

arecalled____.

答案：terminology

38、【填空題】WiththeNormansinvadingEnglandin1066,theNormanConquest

startedacontinualflowof____wordsintoEnglish.

答案：French

39、【填空題】Inthewordsmachines,harder,worked,-s,-er,-edare

called____affixes.

答案：inflectional

40、【填空題】Accordingtothe____thataffixesoccupyinwords,affixationfalls

intoprefixationandsuffixation.

答案：positions

41、【填空題】____istherelationshipbetweenlanguageandtheworld.For

example,theformcatismeaningfulbecausethelanguageuseremploysit

conventionallytorefertothe“animal”concerned.

答案：Reference

42、【填空題】Thedevelopmentofword-meaningfrommonosemytopolysemyfollows

twosources,traditionallyknownas____andconcatenation.

答案：radiation

43、【填空題】Thewordcomputerformerlymeanta“personwhocomputes”.At

present,itreferstoan“electronicmachine”ratherthanaperson.Thisexample

showsthefactthatitoftenhappensawordisretainedforanamethoughthe____

haschangedbecausethereferenthaschanged.

答案：meaning

44、【填空