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HowDoWeDealwiththeDrugProblem?GoreVidalClarencePageCharlesKrauthammer1/67ReinforcementTextAnalysisBackgroundWarmingupHowDoWeDealwiththeDrugProblem?2/67Questions/ActivitiesObjectivesUnit6WarmingupHowDoWeDealwiththeDrugProblem?3/67WarmingupHowmuchdoyouknowaboutthedrugproblembeforereadingtheessays?Pleaselistthenamesofsomedrugsandspeakoutitseffectsonpeople?2.Whydoyouthinkpeoplestilltakedrugsinspiteoftheworldwideanti-drugcampaigns?Whatarepeople’smotivationsofabusing(taking)drugs?Whatkindofpeopleisthelargestgroup?3.WhatdoyouknowaboutthesituationinChina?Doyouthinkthedrugproblemisserious?
Questions/Activities4/67ObjectivesTrytoincreasemoreknowledgeaboutdrugproblemsandformcorrectandhealthyattitudetowardsdrug.Learnaboutthedifferentsolutionstothedrugproblemandunderstandtheprosandconsofeachofthem.Comparetheargumentsandfindouttheirlogicalpremisesandfallacies.Learnhowtoarguecoherentlyandconvincinglybystudyingthetechniquesemployedbythewriters.Warmingup5/67BackgroundHistoryAuthorsHowDoWeDealwiththeDrugProblem?6/671.GoreVidal
prolificAmericannovelist,andessayistpoliticalactivist:Democratic-LiberalThewarondrugshasnothingatalltodowithdrugs.Itispartofanall-outwarontheAmericanpeoplebyagovernmentinterestedonlyincontrol.—GoreVidalBackgroundAuthors7/67“ProbablynoAmericanwritersinceFranklinhasderided,ridiculed,andmockedAmericansmoreskillfullyandmoreoftenthanVidal.”(GordonS.Wood,TheNewYorkTimes,December14,)GoreVidalwasoftenpointedlycontroversial:hepublishedcommentsondemocracy,homosexuality,religion,anddruglegalization.BackgroundAuthors8/672.ClarencePagecolumnistandmemberoftheeditorialboardoftheChicagoTribune1972PulitzerPrizeforaChicagoTribuneTaskForceseriesonvoterfraud1989PulitzerPrizeforCommentaryBackgroundBackgroundAuthors9/673.CharlesKrauthammera
syndicatedcolumnist:The
WashingtonPostWritersGrouppoliticalcommentatorphysicianconservative(neoconservativeinforeignpolicy)BackgroundAuthors10/67Comparethethreeauthors’backgroundsandseeifyoucanexplainwhytheydisagreewitheachother.BackgroundAuthors11/67ProhibitionintheUnitedStates(theNobleExperiment)
1840s,spearheadedbysomereligiousdenominations1881,Kansasasthefirsttooutlawalcoholicbeverages1917,alcoholbannedasmandatedinthe18thAmendmenttotheConstitution1919-1933,nation-widemovement,plaguedbysmugglingandbootlegging1933,the18thAmendmentrepealedbythe21stAmendmentHistoryBackground12/67Waittillyouhearfromme--SarahConnorThissongisaboutMariaAclosefriendofmineWholostherselfindrugsShetoldmetowaitforherButguesswhat...ShenevercamebackAndI'mstillwaitingShetoldme13/67ChorusWait'tilyouhearfrommeMonday,Tuesdayitwon'tbeWednesday,ThursdaywewillseeIfonlyyoucanwaitbabyWait'tilyouhearfrommeFridayuseyourfantasySaturdayyougotovermeIfonlyyoucanwaitbaby14/67Verse1ShewascalledMariaandshereallywasafriendIrememberwhenwewerewalkinghandinhandShewastellingmethatsheunderstandsAlltheworldandeverythrillbytakinglittlepillsSoshewastryingeverythingandmore____andspeed,____and____andtriedtoscoreTragedy:shedidn'tfeelmuchbetterthanbeforeSoshegotawayherequicktofindabetterkick15/67Verse2WhenshearrivedinthecityofthestarsBlindedbythelights,aburningintheheartShebelievedtoplaywhatshecalledherpartAmemberofsocietytosatisfyherdreamsNoonepaidattentiononherskillsSoshefoundcrackisanotherwaytofillTheemptinessinsiderightnowshegotherthrillGuess,whogavehislifeaway?Shediditeveryday16/67Question:Whatarethedifferentargumentsbythethreeauthors?GoreVidal:arguedforlegalization,whichhebelievedcouldsolveallproblemsrightaway.ClarencePage:didnotagree,buthealsoopposedtheideaoffurthercriminalization,believingthataproblemcausedbymanyfactorshadtobedealtwithamultifacetedway.CharlesKrauthammer:disagreedwithlegalization,butheofferedabetterstragetywhichhecalled“deglamorization”17/67TextAnalysisEssay1Essay2Essay3StructureDetailedAnalysisStructureDetailedAnalysis
DetailedAnalysisStructureHowDoWeDealwiththeDrugProblem?18/67I.Thesis:plausibilityoflegalization(para.1)II.Reasoning(paras.2-8)A.rebuttalofthedangerofawhiffofopium(para2)B.Thefreedomtodowhatonewants(para3)C.rebuttalofthewarningrumblethatlegalizationwillleadustoenduparaceofZombie.(para4)D.aconsequenceofprohibition:makingpeoplewantitmore(para5)E.thenegativeeffectsoftheprohibition(paras.6-7)F.Theconsequencesofaslightreductioninthesupplyofmarujuana(para8)III.Conclusion:unlikelihoodoflegalization(9-10)TextAnalysisEssay1Structure
ofEssay119/67Trytofindoutthetopicsentenceineachparagraph,orevensomekeywords.20/67DetailedAnalysisofEssayOne21/671.Simplymakealldrugsavailableandsellthematcost.
Para:justsellmakeallthedrugseasytogetandsellthemwithoutprofit.
atcost:(atcostprice)e.g:Tom’suncleisacardealerandlethimbuythecaratcost.c.f:Theenemyfinallytookthecity,butataheavycost.Idon’tthinkyoushouldworksohardatthecostofyouryouth.Wewereinstructedthatman’slifebesavedatallcosts.(atanycost)atcost/atacost/atthecostof/atallcosts/atanycost
TextAnalysis:Argument1(para1-2)22/672.addict:napersonwhoisunabletostoptakingdrugs,alcohol,tobacco,etcaheroinaddict/achessaddict/aTVaddictAddictedadj通常做表語be/becomeaddictedtoGradually,hebecameaddictedto~.Addictiveadjcausingaddiction可做定語和表語Addiction:conditionoftakingdrugs,etcTextAnalysis:Argument1(para1-2)23/673.kick/breakthehabit(infml)slangtostopdoingsththathasbeenahabitforalongtime,esp.abadordangeroushabitThecenterprovideshelpforaddictswhohavekickedtheirhabitandwanttostayawayfromdrugs.Alexhaskickedcigarettes,heroin,andbooze.Crack/John/hooker/buttTextAnalysis:Argument1(para1-2)24/674.Fortherecord,Ihavetriedeverydrugandlikednone,disprovingthepopulartheorythatawhiffofopiumwillenslavethemind.Fortherecord:todeclareopenlyandofficially.鄭重說明Justfortherecord,Ididn’tvoteforhim.FortherecordI’djustliketosaythatItotallydisagreewiththisdecision.disprove/approve/approvalAwhiffof:asmallamountof;aslightsignorfeelingofsthAwhiffofonion/fear/danger/hypocisyEnslave:tobecomeslavedby,tobecontrolledbyTextAnalysis:Argument1(para1-2)25/675.Zombie:
(informal)someonewhodoesnotseemtoknoworcareabout whatishappeningaroundthemandmovesveryslowly,esp. becausetheyareveryupsetortired
“Zombie”isaprotestsong(反戰(zhàn)歌曲)bytheIrishbandTheCranberriesfromthe1994albumNoNeedtoArgue.The“Zombie”interpretedbytheSuperGirlLi-Yuchunstartedadebatewhetherthegirltrulyunderstandstheanti-warmeaninginthesong.僵尸,行尸走肉;行動呆板人,無精打采人26/67Alongwithsb:besidesInterferewithInpusuitof:pursueEndup:finallybecomeInadvanceTextAnalysisEssay16.WordsandExpressions27/677.Forbiddingpeoplethingstheylikeorthinktheymight…allthemore.Thispsychologicalinsight,forsomemysteriousreason,alwaysdeniedourgovernors.Allthemore:evenmorethanbeforeAllthebetter,alltheharderInsight:theabilitytoperceivesthE.g:Asachild,hehasshowedakeeninsight___people’scharacter.Deny:refuseordisagreeThismeansthatourgovernorsneverseemtounderstandthis.28/678.forbid/prohibit/preventforbidsbtodosth;prohibit/preventsbfromdoingsth
.9.stampout踩滅(火)Pleasestampoutthebuttofthecigaretteincaseitwouldcausefire.消除,毀滅,鎮(zhèn)壓Thelocalgovernmenthasmadeadrivetostampoutcorruption.TextAnalysisEssay129/6710.get(sb)hookedon:beaddictedtosth依據(jù)最近一份匯報,八歲小孩子就會吸海洛因成癮。
Accordingtoarecentreport,childrenasyoungaseightyearsoldcangethookedonheroin.小伙子是很輕易喜歡上這種音樂。
Youngmencaneasilygethookedonthiskindofmusic.TextAnalysisEssay130/6711.haveavestedinterestin(doing)sth:從中取得既得利益美國南北戰(zhàn)爭以前,要廢除奴隸制極難,因為奴隸主有既得利益。ItwasdifficulttoendthesystemofslaverybeforetheCivilWarbecauseslaveownershadavestedinterestinkeepingit.莫娜離開企業(yè)對他有利。HehasavestedinterestinMona’sleavingthefirm.TextAnalysisEssay131/6712.witheraway
to
dieoutordisappeargradually因為吸毒,她成為藝術家希望逐步幻滅。Asaresultofherdrugaddiction,herpromiseofbecominganartistwitheredaway.老年人埋怨,在現(xiàn)今社會,老價值觀念正在逐步消失Olderpeoplearecomplainingthattheoldvaluesarewitheringawayinthepresent
society.TextAnalysisEssay132/67QuestionstoEssay2WhatisthetoneofClarencePagewhenhementionedtheideaoflegalization?AccordingtoClarencePage,howwilldruglegalizationbenefitthesociety?Whataretheideasofdeepthinkers?WhatareSchmoke’sideas?andwhatareMiltonFriedman’sideas?WhatisWilliamBennet’srebuttal?Andhowdoestheauthorgivehisopinions?33/67WhatisthesolutiontothedrugproblemofferedbyPage?Neitherlegalizationnorcriminalizationwillwork.Itisinfactasocialproblem.Whatthenarehismainarguments?Legalizationisoversimplified:proponents’arguments.(paras.11-15)Legalization’sfailure:opponents’arguments.(paras.16-18)Criminalizationisneithertherightanswertothisproblem.(paras.19-20)TextAnalysisEssay2StructureofEssay234/67Legalizationisoversimplified:proponents’arguments.
1.commonwisdom:remove_____________pumpedintotheunder-worldreduce____________attractiontakeaway____________taxthesaleandusemoneyto____________________2.“deepthinkers”KurtSchmoke:_______________________________________MiltonFriedman:_______________________immenseprofitsforbidden-fruitcriminalstigmabuildmoretreatmentcentersProhibitionofdrugsisbailingouttheoceanwithateaspoon.Prohibitionmakesmattersworse.
TextAnalysisEssay2Argument1:FillintheBlanks35/67Para.11:Unfortunately,legalizationsoundstoogoodtobetrue.Para.12:Itsoundsgoodbecauseitissimple…Para.13:Deepthinkers…Para.15:Hewas
notaloneinhissentiments.Para.16:Thesimplicity…Unfortunately,thesimple
beauty…h(huán)asanuglygapinghole.TextAnalysisEssay2Argument1:Transition36/671.Satire/Irony:
Ifyoucan’twinthegame,changetherules.…deliciouslyconvenient…Deepthinkers…2.Understatement:…soundstoogoodtobetrueandprobablyis.Quotationfromauthority:
para.15TextAnalysisEssay2Argument1:WritingTechniques37/671.pump…into…
toputalargeamountofsthinto,usu.atahighrate;pumpsthintosb強行向…灌輸;投入資金(1)一位好老師絕不能在課堂上向學生灌輸大量知識。
Agoodteachershouldnotpumpabundantofideasintostudents.(2)很多學生在考試前極力灌輸一些知識在腦海里。Manystudents
triedtopumpsomefactsintotheirmindsbeforetheexamination.(3)那個商人將全部錢都投入到了那個大工程。TextAnalysisEssay2Argument1:WordsandExpressions(1)38/672.bailouttoremovewater;(從…中)往外舀水
bailoutsth:
跳傘,擺脫,逃避
bailsbout(of)sth:tohelpsboutoftroubleWecan’texpectthegovernmenttobailoutallthefailingcompanies.bealonein(doing)sth不是只有我一個人這么認為。
Iamnotaloneinthinkingso.TextAnalysisEssay2Argument1:WordsandExpressions(2)39/67forty-fold:fold后綴“乘以,或者…倍”manifold2.rebuttal:thenounformofrebut,orrefute;theactionofcontradicting.反駁
Atoplawyerisabletoproveandgiverebuttalinthelawsuit.v:rebutsimilarwords:refute,contradictTextAnalysisEssay2Argument2:WordsandExpressions40/673.Repeal:n&Vanofficialorlegalcancellation廢除,撤退,撤消等Cf:repeal/abolish/cancelDuetotherainydays,wehaveto_____thefootballgame.Afterthecivilwar,Americangovernment_____thesystemofslavery.TheCongressisdiscussingwhetherto_____thislaw.41/67Repeal為書面用語,用來撤消立法機關所經過協(xié)議、法案、法律等Abolish正式用語,指經過法律或暴力徹底廢除制度等。
cancel使用范圍最為廣泛,多用來取消會議、計劃比賽等Analogy:makeananalogy;drawananalogy42/674.misstheboat:failtogetthekeytotheproblem5.symptom:sthshowingthatyouarenothealthy;asignthatalargerproblemexistsThesymptomofthechildren’sHFMDistheappearanceofherpsandlowfever.6.Segment:部分,區(qū)間,階層等
7.impoverished:verypoor;poorinqualityimpoverishedfamily/areas/landimpoverish/impoverishment
43/67Criminalizationisneithertherightanswertothisproblem.
Thenwhatistheansweraccordingtotheauthor?Thequickfixisillusorybecause…Theslowfixisillusorybecause…TextAnalysisEssay2Argument3:Discussion44/67QuestionsforDiscussionAccordingtotheauthor,whatistheultimatecauseofthedrugproblem?Doyouagree?Doestheauthorproposeapossiblesolutiontothedrugproblem?Whatsolutionscanyoupropose?TextAnalysisEssay245/67Questionsforessay3:WhatisCharlesKrauthammer’sattitudestowardslegalizationofdrugs?Whatdidtheauthormakeananalogywithinordertosaythatdrugsshouldbedeglamorized?Whatarehisideaofthedrugproblemandwhatarehissuggestedsolutions?46/67WhatisthesolutiontothedrugproblemofferedbyKrauthammer?
Deglamorization.Drugproblemcanonlybesolvedculturally.Whatthenarehismainarguments?Islegalizationagoodsolution?(paras.21-26)Whatshouldwedo?(paras.27-31)Conclusion:foursolutions.(para.32)TextAnalysisEssay3StructureofEssay347/67Islegalizationagoodsolution?1.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardslegalizationonthefollowingissues?druglawenforcementcomparison:illegaldrugsvs.alcoholrelationshipbetweenlegalizationanddruguse2.Islegalizationagoodsolution?√TextAnalysisEssay3Argument1:Discussion48/671.enforcement:enforce2.smuggle/smuggler3.toboot:inaddition;too;furthermoreItwasalongfilmandanuninterestingonetoboot.Heisdishonest,andacowardtoboot.TextAnalysisEssay3Argument1:WordsandExpressions49/673.minimize:toreducesthtothelowestlevel
minimum(min);minimal
maximize/maximum:toincreasesthtothelargestlevel4.catastrophic:adjcausingdestructionorseriousdamage;extremelyharmfulcatastrophicresults/war/nuclearweaponssimilarwords:disastrous/ruinous/devastating
50/675.outweigh:vtobecomeimportantorgreaterthansthOnthewhole,hisaccomplishmentsoutweighhisfaults.6.permanent:adjlastingorexistingforalongtimepermanentjob;permanentstaff
同義詞:everlasting;反義詞:impermanent,temporary51/677.dwarf:vtomakesthseemsmallorunimportant;nverysmallpersonsShakespearedwarfsotherdramatists.8.undercut:tosellgoodsatalowerpricethanone’scompetitors;tomakesthweakerorlesseffectiveOnlinebookstorescanundercutretailersby40%.undercutone’sauthority.52/67Whatshouldwedo?1.Whydoestheauthormentionsmoking?changedimageofsmokers?measurestaken?2.Weshoulddothesametodrugs…attitudetowardsthe“JustSayNotoDrugs”campaign?Whatdoeshemeanby“crackingdownhardonusers”?TextAnalysisEssay3Argument2:Discussion53/67relentless:adj(1)notstoppingorgettinglessstrong(2)refusingtogiveuporbelessstrictorsevere
盡管出生于一個貧窮家庭,不過他永無止境地勤奮學習。
Bornintoanimpoverishedfamily,hekeptarelentlessdeligenceinhisstudy.相關詞匯:
relent(v)減弱,變溫和近義詞:persistent;unrelentingTextAnalysisEssay3Argument2:WordsandExpressions(1)54/672.
deglamorize:vtomakesthlessattractivethanitseemsWord-building:de+glamorizeMoreexamples:decrease,degrade,degenerationDeglamorizescigarettes/computergames/qqchatGlamorizeVtomakesthattractiveCharming/attractive55/673.segregate:(1)toisolatesthfromanother;(2)toseparatepeopleofdifferentraces,sexesorreligiousfromothers;be~from翻譯:應該把吸煙和非吸煙區(qū)隔開。按照法律,黑人被實施種族隔離Extendedvocabulary:Segregatedadj/SegregationnOppositeword:integrateCf:segregate&separate56/674.goafter:(1)seekafter尋求(2)tohuntorsearchTheyarebothgoingafterthisjob.Thepolicewentafterthemurderer.5.reverse:(v)tochangesthcompletely;tochangeadecision,lawtotheopposite;tomakethevehiclegobackwards;(adj)oppositetosthmentionedrelatedwords:reversal;reversible可逆轉,可翻轉,可兩面穿
phrases:asharpreversal/thereversesideofthecoin/reversiblesituation/reversiblecoat57/676.crackdown(hard)on:盡力取締,嚴厲打擊
tobestrictinmakingagroupofpeopleobeyrulesorlaws嚴厲打擊,鎮(zhèn)壓他們正在嚴厲查處酒后駕車。
Theyarecrackingdownhardondrunkdriving.政府承諾嚴厲懲治官員受賄行為。
Thegovernmentpromisedtocrackdownhardontheofficial’sbribery.58/677goaround(1)tobesharedamongagrouportodoallthethingsneeded
Eventually,wewillnothaveenoughwatertogoaround.Arethereenoughbookstogoaroundthewholeclass?(2)gohereandthere;tr
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