新高考英語概要寫作示例與寫作訓(xùn)練 (二)

概要寫作示例與寫作訓(xùn)練2

【寫作示例】

【原文呈現(xiàn)】

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Threemilesisquickbycar,butwhenthosethreemilesconsistofanoldwoodenfenceona

cattlefarmthatrequiresafreshcoatofpaint,it'snotasshortofadistance.Forthefinalweekof

summerheadingintomysophomoreyearofcollege,paintingthisfencenearlywipedmy

existence.Luckily,Iwasn'taloneinthistask;IhadthehelpofRob,thefarmmanager.Whentwo

peoplearestuckundertherelentlessAugustsunfortenhoursaday,thereisn'tmuchtodotohelp

passthetime.ItwasinthismomentthatItrulylearnedtovaluetheartofconversation.

Standinginfrontofthisdilapidated（荒廢的）fencewasthelastplaceonEarthIwantedtobe.

Andspendingover50hourswithRobwithnothingtokeepyourmindbusybutamindless,

tedioustask,allwehadforamusementwasconversation-Nophone,nomusic,onlyyour

thoughtsandalittle施te-加儉te（促膝長談）.

Itstartedoutsimple,talksabouttheweather,sports,andthealike.Astheweekprogressed,so

didourtopicsofdiscussion.Fromfamilyandfunnychildhoodstoriestoourhobbiesandcareer

goals,webegantolearnmoreabouteachother.IknewRobforyears,butafterthisjob,IfeltI

knewhimonadifferentlevel.I'vespentplentyoftimewithpeoplewhetheritwasgoingto

sportingevents,movies,orconcerts,butneverhad1spentsomuchtimewithonepersonwith

absolutelynothingtobreakthesilence.Itwasuncomfortableatfirst,butbythetimethefinal

bucketofpaintwasemptied,IfeltlikeIhadmadeanewfriend.

Sometimeswegetcaughtupintryingtokeepourselvesbusy,entertained,orfromgetting

bored.Soseldomdowerealizethatthereisadeeperconnectionyougetwithpeoplewhenall

you'redoingistalking,forlifeisaconversation-Everysongyouhear,TVshowyouwatch,or

workofartyouobserve,atthesimplestlevel,someoneisjusttryingtocommunicatewithyou.

【思維路徑】

［核心內(nèi)容］

本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章，全文共四段。第一段主要介紹了事情起因，即作者在大學(xué)

二年級(jí)即將開學(xué)之前，要去和Rod一起粉刷一條長三英里的柵欄。第二段講述了除了與Rod

交談之外的工作中的乏味之處。第三段講述了作者在粉刷柵欄的過程中，與Rod交談之后

的感受。第四段是作者的評(píng)論，并點(diǎn)明了文章的主題，即生活就是對(duì)話的過程。

［寫作思路］

(1)理清文章的層次。本文有四段話，前三段敘述了作者的一次與Rob一起勞動(dòng)的經(jīng)過，

第四段總結(jié)了自己的感受。根據(jù)這一寫作順序，我們可以先確立縮寫部分的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，即需

要表述事實(shí)并同時(shí)說明作者的感受。

(2)把握敘述的特點(diǎn)。作者用了三段話來敘述自己的經(jīng)歷。第一段話是交代自己在工作

之前的想法，第二段為過程性的一段話，敘述了工作的乏味之處，第三段則敘述了在工作過

程中作者是如何與Rob一起克服工作的單調(diào)性的。作者的這一敘述方式能夠給我們提供一

條線索，即”工作之前的想法一工作之中的感受1…工作之中的發(fā)現(xiàn)一工作之中的感受2--

工作之后的總結(jié)”。

(3)提煉文章的主題。本文是夾敘夾議類的文章，其寫作方法是“先敘后議”，所以在

閱讀的過程中，我們需要先分清哪些是敘事，哪些是在講道理。根據(jù)文章的寫作特征，我們

可以發(fā)現(xiàn)作者在第四段中表達(dá)了文章的主題，即“生活就是對(duì)話”(Lifeisaconversation)。

(4)確立縮寫的結(jié)構(gòu)。由于本文“先敘后議”，所以在縮寫的時(shí)候，我們也要確定一定的

寫作順序與文本結(jié)構(gòu)。文章第一段強(qiáng)調(diào)“Paintingthisfencenearlywipedmyexistence"(要點(diǎn)

1)；第二段進(jìn)一步闡述工作的乏味之處，即"Allwehadforamusementwasconversation"(要

點(diǎn)2)；第三段則交代了作者與Rob談話的內(nèi)容及感受，即“Astheweekprogressed,sodidour

topicsofdiscussion"(要點(diǎn)3),以及"Bythetimethefinalbucketofpaintwasemptied,Ifeltlike

IhadmadefriendswithonepersonwithwhomIoncenearlyhadabsolutelynothingtobreakthe

silence(要點(diǎn)4)；第四段則表明了作者的寫作主題，即"Thereisadeeperconnectionyougetwith

peoplewhenallyou'redoingistalking,forlifeisaconversation”(要點(diǎn)5)。在抓住各部分的中

心后，我們就要確立各個(gè)要點(diǎn)的表述順利，以理清它們之間的關(guān)系。

［參考范文1

Beforemysophomoreyearofcollege,Iwenttopaintathree-milefencewithRob,with

whomIoncenearlyhadnothingtobreakthesilence（要點(diǎn)4）,whichnearlywipedmy

existence.（要點(diǎn)l）Thatwasbecauseallwehadforamusementwasconversation.（要點(diǎn)2）However,

asourtopicsofdiscussionprogressed,（要點(diǎn)3）,IfeltlikeIhadmadeanewfriend.（要點(diǎn)4）Finally,

Irealizedthatthereisadeeperconnectionyougetwithpeoplewhenallyou'redoingistalking,

forlifeisaconversation.（要點(diǎn)5）（78words）

［范文解析］

范文把要點(diǎn)1與要點(diǎn)4的一部分進(jìn)行整合，保持了敘事的連續(xù)性，即“時(shí)間--地點(diǎn)一

人物一經(jīng)過…”這樣一個(gè)連貫的表達(dá)，從而使行文更加流暢。范文用"thatwasbecause..."

把要點(diǎn)2與第一句話進(jìn)行銜接，這種表述顯得非常自然、流暢。范文把要點(diǎn)3與要點(diǎn)4的另

外一部分進(jìn)行了整合，同時(shí)也對(duì)要點(diǎn)3進(jìn)行了壓縮，這樣處理也符合事情發(fā)展的順序；此外

“however”一詞也使范文第三句與前半部分實(shí)現(xiàn)了表述的銜接。范文最后一句是結(jié)合要點(diǎn)

5對(duì)整個(gè)事情進(jìn)行點(diǎn)題，其中用“finally”實(shí)現(xiàn)了意義的連貫性。

［提煉歸納］

1、準(zhǔn)確把握敘事的方式。在縮寫的時(shí)候，要對(duì)敘事部分進(jìn)行有效的整合和取舍，保留

中心部分。例如，范文中的前兩句話就實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)原文前半部分的壓縮。同時(shí)，在保持原文的

中心不變的情況下，也要適當(dāng)?shù)恼{(diào)整文章的敘述的結(jié)構(gòu)。例如，縮寫部分的開頭就不是采用

原文的開頭，而是從原文敘述中的某個(gè)部分開始的。

2、恰當(dāng)進(jìn)行要點(diǎn)的重組?！爸亟M”策略是縮寫過程中必須使用的策略。由于篇幅有限，

所以縮寫不可能完全按照原文的順序展開，因而重組就顯得尤為重要。例如，范文中的第一

與第三句就實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)要點(diǎn)的重組。

3、實(shí)現(xiàn)表述的有效銜接。語義連貫性始終是縮寫的核心之一。在縮寫的過程中，要實(shí)

現(xiàn)語義的連貫，我們就必須使用一些銜接手段。例如，范圍中的before,which,however,finally

以及thatisbecause等都是有效的銜接方式.語義連貫在敘事的過程中顯得更為重要，特別

是對(duì)事件發(fā)展的各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的準(zhǔn)確把握，這在一定程度上將決定縮寫某件事情的成敗。

【寫作演練】

1.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Sugarsarepopularintheprocessedfoodindustrybecausetheyaddtaste,colourand

thicknesstofoodproducts.Thestudieshaveshownthatsugarscanprovideasourceofenergy.

Thebodybreaksdownthesugarintosimpleformsthatcanbereadilyusedinthebody.Buttoo

muchsugarcancontributetohealthproblemslikeobesityandtoothdisease.

Havingtoomuchsugarisnottheonlyreasonforobesityorbeingoverweight,butitdoesadd

totheamountofkilojoulesinfood.Eatingtoomuchofanyfood,withoutdoingenough

exercise,willcauseyoutobecomeoverweight.

GovernmentsintheUnitedStatesandUnitedKingdomarewagingawaronsugarinthe

interestsofpublichealth.Bothcountriesclaimthattheoverconsumptionofsugarbymuchofthe

populationisharmfultopeople'shealth.OnThursday,theU.Sgovernmentissuednewdietary

guidelinesthatstronglyrecommendpeoplereceivelessthan10percentoftheirdailycalorie

intakefromaddedsugar.Onthesameday,BritishPrimeMinisterDavidCameronsaidhehasnot

ruledouttheideaofataxonsugartoencourageconsumerstobuyfoodwithreducedlevelsofthe

sweet.PoliticiansintheU.K.aredebatinghowareductionintheintakeofsugarcouldhelp

reduceBritain'srisingratesofobesity.

TheAmericanandBritishgovernmentsbothrefertoastudyconductedinMexicothat

showedataxonsugary,carbonateddrinksledtoareductioninconsumption.Thetaxwascarried

outonJanuary1,2014andpurchasesofthetaxeddrinkswentdownby12percentbyDecember

ofthatyear.Salesofmineralwaterincreasedby4percentoverthesameperiod.Analternative（可

替代物）totaxingsugareddrinksistoreducethelevelofsugarinthem.ResearchersatQueen

MaryUniversityinLondonsaythatreducingthesugarcontentinsugar—sweeteneddrinksby40

percentoverfiveyearscouldpreventonemillioncasesofobesityintheU.K.Researcherssay

peoplemightnotevennoticethechanges.

2.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

“DidyouhearwhathappenedtoAdamLastFriday?,,LindseywhisperstoTori.Withhereyes

shining,Toribrags,“YoubetIdid,Seantoldmetwodaysago."WhoareLindseyandToritalking

about?Itjusthappenedtobeyourstruly,AdamFreedman.Icantellyouthatwhattheyaresaying

is(a)notniceand(b)noteventrue.Still,LindseyandToriaren'tverydifferentfrommost

studentshereatLintonHighSchool,includingme.Manyofourconversationsaregossip.

Animportantnegativeeffectofgossipisthatitcanhurtthepersonbeingtalkedabout.

Usually,gossipspreadsinformationaboutatopic-breakups,troubleathome,evendropping

out—thatapersonwouldratherkeepsecret.ThemoreembaiTassingorshamefulthesecretis,the

juicierthegossipitmakes.Probablytheworsttypeofgossipistheabsolutelie.Peopleoftenthink

ofgossipersasharmless,butcruelliescancausepain.

Ifweknowthatgossipcanbeharmful,thenwhydosomanyofusdoit?Theanswerliesin

anothereffectofgossip:thesatisfactionitgivesus.Sharingthelatestrumor(傳言)canmakea

personfeelimportantbecauseheorsheknowssomethingthatothersdon't.Similarly,hearingthe

latestrumorcanmakeapersonfeellikepartofthe"ingroup.,,

Gossipalsocanhaveathirdeffect:itstrengthensunwritten,unspokenrulesabouthow

peopleshouldact.ProfessorDavidWilsonexplainsthatgossipisimportantinpolicingbehaviors

inagroup.Translatedintohighschoolterms,thismeansthatifeverybodyyouhangaroundwith

islaughingatwhatJohnworeorwhatJanesaid,thenyoucanbetthatwearingorsaying

somethingsimilarwillgetyouthesamekindofnegativeattention.Thispressurewillcertainly

forceyoutopayspecialattentiontoyourownwordsanddeeds.Thedosanddon'tsconveyed

throughgossipwillnevershowupinanystudenthandbook.

Theeffectsofgossipvarydependingonthesituation.Thenexttimeyoufeeltheurgeto

spreadthelatestnews,thinkaboutwhyyouwanttogossipandwhateffectsyour'juicystory”

mighthave.

3.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Beforethe1830s,mostnewspapersweresoldthroughyearlysubscriptions（訂閱）inAmerica,

usually$8to$10ayear.Today$8or$10seemsasmallamountofmoney,butatthattimethe

amountswereunaffordabletomostcitizens.Accordingly,newspaperswerereadalmostonlyby

richpeopleinpoliticsorthetrades.Inaddition,mostnewspapershadlittleinthemthatwould

appealtoalargeaudience.Theyweredullandvisuallyunpleasant.Buttherevolutionthatwas

takingplaceinthe1830swouldchangeallthat.

Thetrend,then,wastowardthe“pennypaper”-atermreferringtopapersmaclewidely

availabletothepublic.Itmeantanyinexpensivenewspaper;perhapsmoreimportantlyitmeant

newspapersthatcouldbeboughtinsinglecopiesonthestreet.

Thisdevelopmentdidnottakeplaceovernight.Ithadbeenpossible（butnoteasy）tobuy

singlecopiesofnewspapersbefore1830,butthisusuallymeantthereaderhadtogodowntothe

printer'sofficetobuyacopy.Streetsaleswerealmostunknown.However,withinafewyears

streetsalesofnewspaperswouldbecommonplaceineasterncities.Atfirstthepriceofsingle

copywasseldomapenny---usuallytwoorthreecentswascharged-andsomeoftheolder

well-knownpaperschargedfiveorsixcents.Butthephrase“pennypaper“caughtthepublic's

fancysoontherewouldbepapersthatdidindeedsellforonlyapenny.

Thisnewtrendofnewspapersfor“themanonthestreet“didnotbeginwell.Someofthe

earlyventures（企業(yè)）wereimmediatefailures.Publishersalreadyinbusiness,peoplewhowere

ownersofsuccessfulpapers,hadlittledesiretochangethetradition.Ittookafewyouthfuland

daringbusinessmentogettheballrolling.

4.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

ManyChinesestudentshavestudiedEnglishforapproximatelytenyears,butmostofthem

cannotevenspeakEnglishcorrectlyorfluently.Inmyopinion,thereareseveralobstaclesthat

havecausedthistohappen.Themainobstacleisfear!Anotheristhehabitofmentallytranslating

fromChinesetoEnglishandthentochangethesethoughtsintospokenwordsandsentences.

ManyofthesedifficultiesarecausedbythewayChinesepeoplestudyandlearnthelanguage.

Wemustlearntospeakasachilddoes.Whenwearelearningasecondlanguage,weneedto

rememberhowwelearnedournativelanguage.Learningtounderstandandspeakalanguageis

oneofthefirstskillsachilddevelops.Howdoesachildlearnthelanguage?Helistensforatime

andthenhetriestorepeatthewords.Parentsgivegreatpraiseforthesmallesteffortandslightest

improvement.Therefore,thechilddevelopscourageandisexcitedaboutlearning.Ittakesalong

timebeforeheknowsanythingaboutgrammar,spellingorformalsentencestructures.

Asforlanguageteachers,theyshouldavoidcriticismandbeveryencouragingandgenerous

withpraise.Criticismorpointingoutfaultstoooftencausesstudentstoloseself-confidenceand

developafearofspeaking.Thebestwaytomotivateastudentisusingpraise.

Themostimportantaspectofspeakingishavinggoodself-esteem.Self-esteemishowyou

feelaboutyourself.WhenmostChinesepeopleareaskedhowtheirEnglishis,ortheyaretold

theirEnglishisverygood,theyimmediatelyrespondbysaying,HOhmyEnglishisverypoor."If

yousaythistoyourselfoftenenough,youwillbelieveit.Whensomeonecompliments（稱贊）you,

justsay"thankyou”.

5.閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。

Anewstudywarnsthataboutthirtypercentoftheworld'speoplemaynothaveenoughwater

bytheyear2025.

AprivateAmericanorganizationcalledPopulationActionInternational(PAI)didthenew

study.Itsaysmorethan335millionpeoplelackenoughwaternow.Thepeoplelivein28

countries.MostofthecountriesareinAfricaortheMiddleEast.

PAIresearcherRobertEngelmansaysbytheyear2025,about3,000millionpeoplemaylack

water.Atleast18morecountriesareexpectedtohaveseverewaterproblems.Thedemandfor

waterkeepsincreasing.YettheamountofwaterontheEarthstaysthesame.

MrEngelmansaysthepopulationincountriesthatlackwaterisgrowingfasterthaninother

partsoftheworld.Hesayspopulationgrowthinthesecountrieswillcontinuetoincrease.

Thereportsayslackofwaterinthefuturemayresultinseveralproblems.Itmayincrease

healthproblems.Lackofwateroftenmeansdrinkingwaterisnotsafe.MrEngelmansaysthere

areproblemsallovertheworldbecauseofdiseases,suchascholerawhicharecarriedinwater.

Lackofwatermayalsoresultinmoreinternationalconflict.Countriesmayhavetocompete

forwaterinthefuture.Somecountriesnowgetsixtypercentoftheirfreshwaterfromother

countries.Andthereportsayslackofwaterwouldaffecttheabilitytoimprovetheireconomies.

Thisisbecausenewindustriesoftenneedlargeamountsofwaterwhentheyarebeginning.

ThePopulationActionInternationalstudygivesseveralsolutionstothewaterproblem.One

way,itsays,istofindwaystousewaterformorethanonepurpose.Anotherwayistoteach

peopletobecarefulnottowastewater.Athirdwayistouselesswaterforagriculture.Thereport

alsosayslong-termsolutionstothewaterproblemmustincludecontrolsonpopulationgrowth.

答案與解析

I.【參考范文】

Sugarispopularinfoodindustryforitstaste,colorandthickness.Buttoomuchsugarcan

causehealthproblems.Therefore,governmentintheUSandtheUKtakemeasurestoreducethe

useofsugar,suchashavingataxonsugar,reducingthelevelofsugarinthem.Researcherssay

thatthereductionofsugarplayagreatroleinpreventingobesity,whichisnotnoticedbypeople.

【解析】

這是一篇說明文，文章主要說了吃大量糖對(duì)人類身體的危害，因此美國和英國政府采取

措施來減少人們購買糖。

第一步：概括每個(gè)段落的大意

第一段主要說明了糖在食物領(lǐng)域很受歡迎，但同時(shí)也對(duì)人類的健康帶來了許多危害，可以用

Sugarispopularinfoodindustryforitstaste,colorandthickness.Buttoomuchsugarcancause

healthproblems.表示。第三段和第四段美國和英國政府開始采取措施來減少人們對(duì)糖的使用,

糖的使用減少對(duì)抑制人類肥胖有很大的作用，但是人們很難注意到。即GovernmentintheUS

andtheUKtakemeasurestoreducetheuseofsugar,suchashavingataxonsugar,reducing（he

levelofsugarinthem.Researcherssaythatthereductionofsugarplayagreatroleinpreventing

obesity,whichisnotnoticedbypeople.

第二步：連句成篇（銜接詞）

1.表文章結(jié)構(gòu)順序:Firstofall,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second...Andthen,Finally,Intheend.At

last

2.表并列補(bǔ)充關(guān)系：Whatismore,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,InadditionAswellas,not

only...but(also),including,

3.表轉(zhuǎn)折對(duì)比關(guān)系:However,Onthecontrary,but,Although+clause(從句)，Inspite

of+n/doing,Ontheonehand...,Ontheotherhand...Some...,whileothers...,asfbr,so...that...

4.表因果關(guān)系：Because,As,So,Thus,Therefore,Asaresult

連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進(jìn)行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰

2.【參考范文】

Highschoolconversationsaremainlygossip.Threeeffectsarefound.Oneisthatgossip

harmspeoplebecauseitisoftenembarrassingorevenfalse.Also,thegossipersgetasenseof

belongingorevensuperioritythroughtheirgossip.Thethirdeffectisthatgossipcausepressurein

sociallife,forcingpeopletoavoidthosewordsandbehaviorsintherumor.Therefore,weare

advisedtothinktwicebeforewegossip.(70words)

【解析】

這是一篇說明文。介紹了說閑話的消極影響。

第一步：閱讀

1.認(rèn)真閱讀給定的原文材料，如果一遍不能理解，就多讀兩遍；閱讀次數(shù)越多，你對(duì)原文的

理解就越深刻。

2.劃出那些能概括文章主題思想的單詞、短語或短句子；決定原文中哪些部分重要，哪些部

分次重要了；對(duì)重要部分的主要觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行概括。

3.簡(jiǎn)要地記下主要觀點(diǎn)——主題、標(biāo)題、細(xì)節(jié)等你認(rèn)為對(duì)概括概要寫作重要的東西。

第二步：寫作步驟

1.瀏覽課文，找出主題：介紹了說閑話的消極影響。

2.分析文章的結(jié)構(gòu)，把它分成幾個(gè)部分，找出每個(gè)部分的主要思想，用你自己的文字簡(jiǎn)短地

寫出來。本文主要分為一部分：Highschoolconversationsaremainlygossip.Threeeffectsare

found.

3.寫下每個(gè)主要思想的支持點(diǎn)，不涉及細(xì)節(jié)。支持點(diǎn)：1.Oneisthatgossipharmspeoplebecause

itisoftenembarrassingorevenfalse.2.Also,thegossipersgetasenseofbelongingoreven

superioritythroughtheirgossip.3.Thethirdeffectisthatgossipcausepressureinsociallife,

forcingpeopletoavoidthosewordsandbehaviorsintherumor.

4.按照邏輯順序組織主要和相關(guān)的支持點(diǎn)，使用最短的連接詞進(jìn)行連接。如：also,therefore

第三步：修改成文

草稿擬好以后，對(duì)它進(jìn)行修改。首先，與原文比較看是否把所有重要的觀點(diǎn)都概括了，概要

寫作中的觀點(diǎn)是否與原文中的完全一致。其次，如果出現(xiàn)了不必要的詞匯、短語或長句子，

刪除它們，保持語言簡(jiǎn)單明了。最后，檢查拼寫、語法和標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的錯(cuò)誤。

【范文點(diǎn)評(píng)】

范文內(nèi)容完整，要點(diǎn)全面，語言規(guī)范，語篇連貫，詞數(shù)適當(dāng)，上下文意思連貫，符合邏

輯關(guān)系。作者在范文中使用了較多主從復(fù)合句，如：Oneisthatgossipharmspeoplebecauseit

isoftenembarrassingorevenfalse.這句話運(yùn)用了because引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和that引導(dǎo)的表語從

句；本文也使用了一些固定詞組，如asenseofbelonging;intherumor等。全文中沒有中國

式英語的句式，顯示了很高的駕馭英語的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、層次分明，上下句轉(zhuǎn)

換自然，為文章增色添彩。

3.參考范文】

The1830ssawtherevolutionthatwashappeninginthenewspaperindustry.Justbeforethen,

mostnewspapershadbeensufferingfromalackofsalesduetothehighpricesandboringcontent

inthem.（要點(diǎn)一）The“pennypaper”wasbornattherightmomentthoughitexperiencedalong

process.（要點(diǎn)二）Soonthepublicwerefancinatedbythephrase“pennypaper“fortherewouldbe

paperssoldatsuchalowpriceindeed.（要點(diǎn)三）Traditionsneedtobechanged,andthosefew

youthfulanddaringbusinessmenfelttheobligationtodoso.（要點(diǎn)四）

【解析】

寫作步驟

1)細(xì)讀原文，掌握文章主旨。本文為說明文。本文介紹了十九世紀(jì)三十年代美國報(bào)紙的

一次重要變革，使報(bào)紙變得大眾化，普及開來。19世紀(jì)30年代發(fā)生在報(bào)紙上的革命，在此

之前，大多數(shù)報(bào)紙由于價(jià)格高和內(nèi)容乏味而銷量低迷。雖然經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)漫長的過程，但“便

士報(bào)”的誕生恰逢其時(shí)很快被公眾所接納，因?yàn)樗娴闹毁u一便士，是那些少數(shù)年輕勇敢的

商人推動(dòng)了這項(xiàng)變革。

2)弄清結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納段意。概要寫作是寫全文概要，不是寫某一部分的概要，或者就某些

問題寫出要點(diǎn)。因此一定要弄清文章結(jié)構(gòu)，歸納文章各段大意。

3)列出原文要點(diǎn)。分析原文的內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，將內(nèi)容分項(xiàng)扼要表述并注意在結(jié)構(gòu)上的順序。

在此基礎(chǔ)上選出與文章主題密切相關(guān)的部分。

4)在寫作時(shí)要特別注意下面幾點(diǎn)：

(1)概要應(yīng)包括原文中的主要事實(shí)，略去不必要的細(xì)節(jié)。

(2)安排好篇幅的比例，概要應(yīng)同原文保持協(xié)調(diào)，即用較多的文字寫重要內(nèi)容，用較少的文

字寫次要內(nèi)容。

(3)注意要點(diǎn)之間的銜接，要用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞語貫通全文，切忌只簡(jiǎn)單地寫出一些互不相干

的句子，但也不要每兩句之間都加關(guān)聯(lián)詞語，以免顯得生硬。

(4)不排斥用原文的某些詞句，但不要照搬原文的句子，如果不能完全用自己的話語表達(dá)，

至少對(duì)原文句子做一些同義詞替換，如果結(jié)構(gòu)上也能有一些轉(zhuǎn)換會(huì)更好。

(5)計(jì)算詞數(shù)，看是否符合規(guī)定的詞數(shù)要求。

4.【參考范文】

Causedbytheirfearandwayoflearning,manyChinesestudentscannotspeakEnglish

fluentlyevenafterten-years'learning.(要點(diǎn)1)ActuallyweshouldlearntospeakEnglishasa

childlearnshisnativelanguagebylisteningandrepeatinga