試論心理學(xué)在思想政治工作中的應(yīng)用中英文對照

////試論心理學(xué)在思想政治工作中的應(yīng)用中英文對照OntheapplicationofpsychologyintheideologicalandpoliticalworkinChineseandEnglish馬克思主義心理學(xué)認(rèn)為,人的心理是由客觀事物引發(fā)的,又會在人的行為中表露出來。通過仔細(xì)觀察人的行為變化,了解人的心理活動(dòng),把握人的思想動(dòng)態(tài),有助于增強(qiáng)思想政治工作的預(yù)見性和科學(xué)性。思想政治工作要深入人的內(nèi)心,尤其是利用社會心理學(xué)知識,才能了解和理解人的思維活動(dòng),從而走進(jìn)人的心理。如果不掌握一般的心理知識,思想政治工作就難以具有生命力。ThinkMarx'spsychology,humanpsychologyiscausedbytheobjectivethings,butalsowillberevealedinhumanbehavior.Throughcarefulobservationofbehaviorchangepeople,understandpeople'spsychologicalactivity,tograsptheideaofdynamicpeople,contributetothepredictabilityandenhancethescientificnatureofIdeologicalandpoliticalwork.Ideologicalandpoliticalworkshouldgodeepintothehumanheart,especiallytheuseoftheknowledgeofsocialpsychology,toknowandunderstandpeople'sthinkingactivity,whichenteredthepeople'spsychology.Ifyoudonotgraspthegeneralknowledgeofpsychological,ideologicalandpoliticalworkisdifficulttohavevitality.1心理學(xué)在思想政治工作中的應(yīng)用Applicationof1psychologyintheideologicalandpoliticalworkinthe抗戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,中國共產(chǎn)黨牢牢把握群眾的心理感受和心理體驗(yàn),運(yùn)用民歌民謠、街頭劇等形式教育人、鼓舞人、激勵(lì)人、凝聚人。如陜北民歌《騎白馬》,一句“有心回家看看姑娘,呼兒嘿喲,打鬼子就顧不上”,將國家存亡與兒女情感聯(lián)系在一起,讓人同時(shí)體味到八路軍的人格與人性。又如《黃河大合唱第五樂章:河邊對口曲》,通過黃河岸邊,兩位老漢的對唱,把家仇國恨進(jìn)行回放和再現(xiàn),曉之以理,動(dòng)之以情,從而達(dá)到全民動(dòng)員的目的。所有這些,都是心理學(xué)在群眾發(fā)動(dòng)中具體而成功的應(yīng)用。DuringtheperiodofAnti-JapaneseWar,theChineseCommunistPartyfirmlygraspthepsychologicalfeelingsandpsychologicalexperience,useoffolksongsandballads,streettheatreformeducation,encouraging,motivatingpeople,unitepeople.SuchastheNorthShaanxifolksong"rideawhitehorse",a"determinedtogohomeandhavealooktotheboygirl,hey,youdidn'tplaythedevil",thenationalsurvivalandchildrenemotiontogether,letpeopleappreciatepersonalityandhumanityoftheEightRoutearmy.Suchas"theYellowRivercantatafifthmovement:Rivercounterpartssong",bytheshoreoftheYellowRiver,twooldduet,putGuqiucountrieshateplaybackandreproduction,Daniel,move,soastoachievethepurposeofnationalmobilization.Allofthese,arethepsychologyinthemassesinthespecificapplicationofsuccess.2心理學(xué)的動(dòng)機(jī)和需要是思想政治工作的出發(fā)點(diǎn)2psychologicalmotivationandneedisthestartingpointoftheideologicalandpoliticalwork把人們的一切思想和行為引導(dǎo)到正確的出發(fā)點(diǎn)上來,是思想政治工作者在全面了解一個(gè)人的政治歷史、思想覺悟、道德品質(zhì)和個(gè)性心理特征的基礎(chǔ)上,首先要做的工作。思想和行為的出發(fā)點(diǎn),也就是心理學(xué)上的動(dòng)機(jī)。心理學(xué)認(rèn)為,動(dòng)機(jī)是指引和維持個(gè)體的活動(dòng),并使活動(dòng)朝向某一目標(biāo)的內(nèi)部心理過程或內(nèi)部動(dòng)力。人的各種活動(dòng)是在動(dòng)機(jī)的指引下,并向著某一目標(biāo)進(jìn)行的。例如,一個(gè)干部像孔繁森那樣對待群眾和工作,是因?yàn)樗行Х掳駱拥膭?dòng)機(jī);動(dòng)機(jī)具有指向功能,在它的推動(dòng)下,個(gè)體的行為總是指向一定的目標(biāo)或?qū)ο?動(dòng)機(jī)還有維持和調(diào)整功能,當(dāng)活動(dòng)產(chǎn)生以后,人們是否堅(jiān)持進(jìn)行這種活動(dòng),同樣要受到動(dòng)機(jī)的調(diào)節(jié)和支配。懂得動(dòng)機(jī)產(chǎn)生的本質(zhì)和功能運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)制,有助于思想政治工作者深入了解和分析人們活動(dòng)的各種動(dòng)機(jī),從而根據(jù)正面引導(dǎo)的方針,采取不同方式,幫助人們建立良好的動(dòng)機(jī),使活動(dòng)收到預(yù)期的效果。心理學(xué)認(rèn)為,動(dòng)機(jī)是在需要的基礎(chǔ)上產(chǎn)生的。需要是人對某種客觀要求的反映,它可以來自有機(jī)體內(nèi)部,也可以來自個(gè)體周圍的環(huán)境。如人餓了需要吃飯,這就是由機(jī)體內(nèi)部的要求引起的;父母“望子成龍”,引導(dǎo)孩子好好學(xué)習(xí),積極向上,這種需要是由外部要求引起的,因此,需要是人活動(dòng)的基本動(dòng)力,是個(gè)體積極性的重要源泉。Thepeople'sthinkingandbehaviortoguidetothecorrectstartingpoint,istheideologicalandpoliticalworkersonthebasisofacomprehensiveunderstandingofaperson'spoliticalhistory,politicalconsciousness,moralcharacterandpersonalitytraits,thefirstworktobedone.Thestartingpointofthinkingandbehavior,alsoisthepsychologyofmotivation.Psychologythinks,motivationistoguideandmaintainindividualactivities,andmaketheactivitytowardsagoalofinternalpsychologicalprocessesorinternaldynamic.Allhumanactivityisundertheguidanceofthemotivation,andtowardatarget.Forexample,acadretotreatpeopleandworklikeKongFansen,becauseheistheeffectivesimulationexamplemotivation;motivationhasdirectivefunction,underitsimpetus,thebehavioroftheindividualisalwayspointingtothetargetorobjectcertain;motivationandmaintainandadjustthefunction,whentheactivityisproduced,ifpeopleinsistonthisactivity,thesamebythemotivationofadjustingandcontrolling.Theessenceandthefunctionmechanismofmovementthatmotivation,haveavarietyofmotivestotheideologicalandpoliticalworkersin-depthunderstandingandanalysisoftheactivitiesofthepeople,accordingtothepositiveguidance,toadoptadifferentapproach,tohelppeoplebuildupgoodmotives,tohavethedesiredeffect.Psychologythinks,motivationisproducedonthebasisofneed.Needistoreflecttheobjectiverequirementofacertain,itcancomefromwithintheorganism,canalsocomefromindividualsurroundings.Suchasthehungrypeopleneedfood,whichiscomposedofthebody'sinternalrequirementstocause;parents"ambitious",guidethechildrentostudyhard,positive,thisneediscausedbyexternalrequirements,therefore,needisabasicpowerofhumanactivity,isanimportantsourceofvolumepolarity.馬斯洛對自我實(shí)現(xiàn)的需要的定義為,指實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人的理想、抱負(fù),發(fā)揮個(gè)人的能力或潛能,并使之臻于完善。懂得這一點(diǎn),思想政治工作者就能自覺地引導(dǎo)人們在低級需要得到滿足后去追求高級需要,有意識地以科學(xué)的理論武裝人,以高尚的精神塑造人,使人們樹立崇高的共產(chǎn)主義理想并為之奮斗終身。這是因?yàn)閺膶?shí)質(zhì)上看,崇高理想對人的激勵(lì)作用很大,是鼓舞人們前進(jìn)的重要精神支柱。人們是依靠崇高理想投身于創(chuàng)造歷史的洪流,并推動(dòng)歷史前進(jìn)的。崇高理想使人具有為之奮斗的最高價(jià)值目標(biāo),并具有堅(jiān)韌不拔的斗爭精神及克服重重困難的勇氣。Maslowontheneedforself-actualizationisdefinedasameanstorealizetheideal,ambition,personal,anddeveloptheabilityorpotentialperson,andmakeitperfect.Tounderstandthispoint,ideologicalandpoliticalworkerscanconsciouslyguidepeopleinthelowerneedsaremettopursuehigh-levelneeds,consciouslyarmingthepeoplewithscientifictheories,moldingthepeoplewithnoblespirit,makepeopletosetandachievelifelongtheloftycommunistideal.Thisisbecauseinessence,loftyidealincentiveeffectonpeople,isanimportantpillarofspiritinspiredpeopleforward.Itistorelyontheloftyidealstoenga