2023-2024學(xué)年安徽合肥市華泰高中英語(yǔ)高三第一學(xué)期期末檢測(cè)模擬試題含解析

2023-2024學(xué)年安徽合肥市華泰高中英語(yǔ)高三第一學(xué)期期末檢

測(cè)模擬試題

請(qǐng)考生注意：

1.請(qǐng)用2B鉛筆將選擇題答案涂填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上，請(qǐng)用0.5毫米及以上黑色字

跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將主觀題的答案寫(xiě)在答題紙相應(yīng)的答題區(qū)內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在試題卷、草稿紙上

均無(wú)效。

2.答題前，認(rèn)真閱讀答題紙上的《注意事項(xiàng)》，按規(guī)定答題。

第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

1.Daviddidn'tattendhisdaughter'sgraduationceremony,buthedoeswishhe

there.

A.shouldbeB.wouldbe

C.hadbeenD.were

2.NotuntilIwentupfurtherthatunderthetree,obviouslysound

asleep.

A.thatIsaw;didaboylieB.Isaw;layaboy

C.didIsee;didaboylieD.didIsee;layaboy

3.Thelackofeco-friendlyhabitsamongthepublicisthoughttobeamajor

ofglobalclimatechange.

A.ResultB.cause

C.warningD.reflection

4.Whydoesshealwaysdrivetoworkshecouldeasilytakethetrain?

A.unlessB.until

C.beforeD.when

5.-Whenwillyoucomehomefordinner?rilprepareitforyou.

?■Don'tit.Tileatoutwithmyfriends.

A.careaboutB.worryaboutC.botheraboutD.talkabout

6.—Wherecanweparkcar?

一Don'tworry.There'ssuretobeparkinglotnearby.

A.the;theB.the;a

C.不填；aD.不填；the

7.Everygreataccomplishmentrestsontheofwhatcamebeforeit;whenyou

traceitback,you'llseeonesmallstepthatstarteditall.

A.reputationB.expectation

C.recreationD.foundation

8.Theexplosioninthechemicalplantavoidedhadthecountyauthorities,

aimingtoomuchatshort-terminterests,performedtheirdutiesfromthebeginning.

A.shouldbeB.mightbeC.musthavebeenD.couldhavebeen

9.Butforthemetalcagetopulltheminerstosafety,theminersinChileinless

thantwenty-fourhours.

A.wouldnotberescuedB.wouldnothavebeenrescued

C.wouldberescuedD.wouldhavebeenrescued

10.-Lateagain!Where?

-Sorry,Iintheheavytraffic,orIwouldhavebeenhereearlier.

A.wereyou；havegotstuckB.haveyoubeen；havegotstuck

C.wereyou；gotstuckD.haveyoubeen；gotstuck

11.Thewitnessanimportantdetailwhendescribingtheaccident.

A.broughtoutB.keptoff

C.leftoutD.raninto

12.Someanalystssuspectedthattherebellionwasandfinancedbyawestern

country.

A.launchedB.backedC.evaluatedD.crushed

13.Lastsummerwesawaverygoodfilm,wasabouttheAnti-Japanesewar.

A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where

14.Fredletthathewaspreparedtoleavecompanywhenthenewmanager

tookoffice.

A.secretB.slip

C.promiseD.standard

15.publicbicycleswithamobileappismoreconvenientforusers.

A.TounlockB.UnlockC.UnlockedD.Unlocking

16.Richardsaveduphismoneyhemightgoabroadforhissummerholiday.

A.incaseB.nowthat

C.asifD.sothat

17.Mymotherangrywithme,butIcouldn'tshutmymouthbefore1shoutedat

her!

A.wasn'tB.wouldn'tbe

C.wouldn'thavebeenD.hadn9tbeen

18.—Whatabouttheprotectionofthesenewmachines?

一Let'skeepthesurfacedustbyputtingacoveroverthem.

A.farfromB.apartfrom

C.freefromD.awayfrom

19.MartinLutherKing,Jr.putitthatpeaceisnotmerelyadistantgoalthatweseek,

butameanswearriveatthatgoal.

A.thatB.whereC.bywhichD.withwhich

20.Goodnews!Wedidn'tspendwehadexpected.

A.ashalf*muchmoneyasB.muchmoneyashalfas

C.asmuchmoneyashalfD.halfasmuchmoneyas

第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)

中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

21.（6分）I.M.Pei,theChinese-American,whowasregardedasoneofthelast

greatmodernistarchitects,hasdiedattheageof102.

AlthoughheworkedmostlyintheUnitedStates,Peiwillalwaysberememberedfor

aEuropeanproject:HisredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseuminParisinthe1980s.He

gaveustheglassandmeta!pyramidinthemaincourtyard,alongwiththreesmaller

pyramidsandavastsubterranean（地下的）additiontothemuseumentrance.

PeiwasthefirstforeignarchitecttoworkontheLouvreinitslonghistory,

andinitiallyhisdesignswerefiercelyopposed.Butintheend,theFrench—and

everyoneelse—werewonover.WinningthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize

in1983,hewasthoughtasgivingthe20thcentury“someofitsmostbeautifulinside

spacesandoutsideforms...HistalentandskilliotheuseofmaterialsaDproachthe

levelofpoetry.”

AfterstudyingarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyand

Harvard,PeisetuphisownarchitecturalpracticeinNewYorkin1955.

DesigningtheJohnF.KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museumin1964established

himasaname.HisEastBuildingoftheNationalGalleryofArtinWashingtonin1978

changedpeople'sideasofamuseum.Thesitewasanoddtrapezoid（梯形）shape.Pei's

solutionwastocutitintwo.Theresultingbuildingwasdramatic,lightandelegant—

oneofthefirstcrowd-pleasingcathedralsofmodernart.

Thoughknownasamodernist,andnotableforhisformsbasedonarrangementsof

simplegeometric（幾何的）shapes,heonceurgedChinesearchitectstolookmoreto

theirarchitecturaltraditionratherthandesigninginawesternstyle.

Inperson,I.M.Peiwasgood-humored,charmingandunusuallymodest.His

workingprocesswasevolutionary,butinnovation創(chuàng)新）wasneveranintendedgoal.

“Stylisticoriginalityisnotmypurpose,9,hesaid."Iwanttofindtheoriginalityin

thetime,theplaceandtheproblem.”

1、WhatcanwelearnabouttheresultofredevelopmentoftheLouvreMuseum?

A.ItwascriticizedbytheFrench.

B.Itwasasuccess.

C.ItmadetheLouvreMuseumlooksstrange.

D.ItchangedthefunctionoftheLouvreMuseum.

2、Whatcanwelearnfromtheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph4?

A.Heisamasterinapplyingmaterials.

B.Heisskilledinwritingpoems.

C.Heoftencombinespoetryandconstruction.

D.Hegetsinspirationfrompoetryindesigning.

3、What'sthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?

a.DesigntheJohnF.KennedyPresidentialLibrary&Museum.

b.StudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandHarvard.

c.DesigntheNationalGalleryofArt.

d.WinthefifthPritzkerArchitecturePrize.

A.abedB.bacdC.beadD.dacd

4、WhatcanwelearnaboutLM.Pei?

A.Innovationwashisfirstgoalindesign.

B.Hewastalentedandserious.

C.Hepreferredwesternstyletotheeast.

D.Helikedsimplegeometricshapes.

22.（8分）Lately,my90-year-oldmomhasbeenmoreandmorequietand

sleepy.Thisisveryoddanddisturbing.Atthesametime,my92-year-oldfatherhasbeen

sufferinghisownhealthproblems.ltisterribletoseemyfatherstruggletogetherto

talk,saysomething,whenshedoesn'thavetheenergy.

Theotherday,Irecalledhowmymotherusedtovisitawomannamed

Mrs.Demopolis9aGreekimmigrant,whomadethebestbaklava（果仁餅）！Shegave

lessonsonbakinghemtomymother.Also,mymomusedtobakebaklavaoftenforatime

andthatwasabsolutepleasure.AsIspokeofthisoverthephone,mysilentmomcheered

upandsaidhowmuchshe'dlikeohaveoneagain.

Now,theyliveinFloridaandIlikeinWales,UKwithmyhusbandandchildren,soI

can'tgoandbringhersomebaklavaorevenmakesomeinherkitchen.ButwhatIdid

suggestwasthatmyfatherorsistershouldbuysomebaklavaataGreekRestaurantand

Ishoulddoshesame,andwouldn'titbefuntoeatourbaklavaatexactlythesametime

andso,betogethersharingthemomentandthepleasure?Bothparentslovedtheidea

andwedecidedtodoit.ltwaslovelytohearalittlehappinessinhervoice.

Towdayslaterwebothhadourbaklavaandsharedtheexperience.ltmeantalotto

myparents,andtome,todothis.Mymothersaidshewantstodothisagain,maybewith

anotherfoodorevenbaklavaagain!Whynot?Andassheonlykeepslosingweight

insteadofgaining,itisgoodforhertofindfoodsthatappealtoherappetite.ltis

becominghardertofindwaystocommunicateoverthephone,butthiswasthiswasat

leastaverygoodwaytodoso.Anditwasnice,aswell,toremindusofpleasantmemories

ofourpast.

1、Whathasmainlyworriedtheauthorlately?

A.Herfatherissufferingfromillness.

B.Hermotherisbecominglessactive.

C.Hermotherrefusestotalkwithherfather.

D.Shehasdifficultyhelpinghersickparents.

2、Whatdidtheauthorsuggesttopleasehermother?

A.MrsDemopolisshouldbuysomebaklavaforhermother,

B.Hermothershouldmakesomebaklavainherkitchen.

C.Herfamilyshouldgettogethertocomforthermother.

D.Herfamilyshouldeatthesamefoodatthesametimeseparately.

3、Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'smother?

A.Sheisgettingthinner.

B.Sheisstillunconscious.

C.Shewillonlyeatbaklava.

D.Shehasfoundherfavouritefoods.

4、Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

A.Theauthor'sfatherhaslostabilitytotalktohiswife.

B.Theauthor'smotherlearnedtomakebaklavafromaGreekimmigrant.

C.Theauthor'smotherhadlittleexcitementwhenhearingthesuggestion.

D.Theauthor'sauthorandherparentsliveseparatelyindifferentcountiesintheUK.

23.（8分）Angeritselfisneithergoodnorbad.Ifswhatwedowhenwe'reangry

thatmatters.Angerisatoolthathelpsustoreadandrespondtothesocialsituations

thatbotherus.Buthowcanwekeepitundercontrol?

Ifsnormaltothinkthatgettingangryisbadandmanytimeswepunishourselves

fordoingso.Butcontrarytopopularbelief,researchindicatesthatangerincreases

optimism,creativityandefficiency.Inaddition,studiessuggestthatangercanleadto

moresuccessfulnegotiationsatwork,aswellasinourpersonallives.

Infact,suppressing（抑制）angercanbeverybadforyourhealth.Inthissense,Dr.

ErnestHarburgperformedastudybymonitoringagroupofadultsandtheircapacity

（最大容量）foranger.Whathefoundisthatthemenandwomenwhosuppressedtheir

angerasaresponsetoanunfairattackhadahigherriskofdevelopingbronchitisor

sufferingfromheartattacks,andweremorelikelytodiebeforetheircolleagueswholet

theirangersurfacewhentheyfeltbothered.

Whenangerarises,wefeeltheneedtoeitherpreventorputanendtothispowerful

feelingforthebenefitofourwelfareorthewelfareofthosewecareabout.Butthisact

ofkindness,mercy,loveorjusticeisn'tbeneficialinthisway.However,it'scertainlya

goodthingtobecautiouswhenangerbeginstosurface.Expressingyourangercanbe

appropriatewithcertainpeopleatcertaintimes.Thequestionliesinhowtodoit

withoutlosingcontrol.Thekeytoexpressingyourangerisflndingtheappropriatetone

forexpressingwhatitisthatupsetsyou.Buttoavoidunnecessaryshouting,hitting,or

otherviolentreactions,it'sworthtakingamomenttostepbackandthink,eventhough

wemaybeinthemiddleofanargumentwithsomeone.

1、Whatdopeoplegenerallythinkofanger?

A.Itisanimportanttool.B.Itisabadfeelingstate.

C.Itincreasesourhappiness.D.Ithelpsinsocialsituations.

2、WhatdoesDr.ErnestHarburg'sstudyimplyaboutanger?

A.Itneedsawayout.B.Itshouldbeavoided.

C.Itcancausesuddendeath.D.Itmustbekeptundercontrol.

3、Whatdoestheauthorsuggestwedowhenwe'reangry?

A.Findoutitscause.B.Pretendtoignoreit.

C.Reacttoitviolently.D.Expressitreasonably.

4^Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.WaystoControlAngerB.BenefitsofMildAnger

C.ShowingAngerProperlyCountsD.AngerDoesAffectHealth

24.（8分）TakeatriptooneofLondon*sthemeparksforanadrenaline-packedday

out.Fromthrillingridesthroughhistory,towildanimals-bothmythicalandreal-

London*sthemeparksoffergreatentertainmentforfamiliesandgroups.

UnlikemostLondonattractions,someamusementparksaren'tincentralLondon,

butareeasilyreachedbytrain,coachorcar.

ChessingtonWorldofAdventures

Whetherit*sadrenaline-pumpingrides,wildanimalsorunderwateradventures

you'reafter,Chessingtondelivers.Therearethreemainsections:theThemeParkhas

10themedlandswithmorethan40ridesandattractionsincludingrollercoasters,

dodgemsandridessuitableforyoungerchildren.ChessingtonZoohouses1,000animals

includingtigers,lions,giraffes,penguinsandapettingzoo.

Shrek'sAdventure

BoardtheDreamworks.TourBusfora4DexperiencewithcheekyDonkeyasyour

guide.You'llbetakenthrough10live,fairy-tale-themedshowsincludingShrek*s

Swampandamirrormaze（迷宮）.Suitableforallages,butparticularlythoseaged6to

12yearsold.

LondonDungeon

Takeascarybuthumorous90-minutejourneythrough1,000yearsofLondon's

historyattheever-popularLondonDungeon.Thereare18interactiveshowswith20

livetheatreactorsandtworidestoguideyouthroughthecity'smurkypast.Walkthe

WhitechapelMazewithJacktheRipper,visitamedievaltorturechamber,andbe

carefulnottoloseyourheadonTheTyrantboatridewithKingHenryVlH!

KidZania

SetyourimaginationfreeatKidZaniaatWestfieldLondon-thenewrole-playing

parkforchildrenthat'stakingtheworldbystorm.Achild-sizecitycompletewithshops

andlocationsincludingafirestation,abankandatheatrestagewherechildrencan

role-playaround60differentjobsandprofessions,KidZaniaaimstoteachlifeskills

suchasfinancialliteracy,teamworkandindependence.

l、600.Ifvistorswanttoenjoytheexcitementofrollercoasters,theycangoto?

A.KidZaniaB.Shrek^Adventure

C.LondonDungeonD.ChessingtonWorldofAdventures

2、602.WhomightbemostlikelyinterestedinLondonDungeon?

A.Studentsstudyinghistory.B.Underwateradventurers.

C.Policeofficers.D.Animallovers.

3、604.Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom?

A,Asciencetextbook.B.Anewsreport.

C.Atravelguidebook.D.Ageographymagazine.

25.（10分）Haveyoueverspentanafternooninthebackyard,maybegrilling

orenjoyingabasketballgame,whensuddenlyyounoticethateverythinggoesquiet?

Thereisanoldphrase“calmbeforethestormM,oftenusedinasituation—aquietperiod

justbeforeagreatactivityor.excitement.Accordingtoourownexperience,weknow

thereisactuallycalmbeforethestorm.Butwhatcausesthiscalm?Andisitalwayscalm

beforethestorm?Let'shearwhatscientistshavetosay..

Aperiodofcalmhappensinaparticularkindofstorm,thesimplestkindof

storm—asingle-cellthunderstorm.Inthistypeofthunderstorm,thereisusuallyonly

onemainupdraft,whichiswarm,dampairanddrawnfromplacesneartheground.

Stormsneedwarmanddampairasfuel,sotheytypicallydrawthatairinfrom

surroundingenvironment.Stormscandrawintheairthatfittheirneedfromall

directions—evenfromthedirectioninwhichthestormistraveling.

Asthewarm,dampairispulledintoastormsystem,itleavesalow-pressure

vacuum（真空）comingafter.Therisingairmeetsthecolddryairthathasalready

existedinthestormclouds,thusthetemperatureofthewarm,dampairdrops,andthe

watervapour（水蒸汽）initchangesintotinydropsthatareapreconditionofrain.

Thesedropsaccumulateandbuildonlargerparticleslikedust,untiltheygrowlarge

enoughtoformraindrops.

Thiswarm,dampairkeepsmovingupwards,butitbecomescooleranddrier

duringitstripthroughcloud.Whenitreachesthetopofthecloud,theairgetsspitout

（被擠出）atthetop.Thisairissentrollingoutoverthebigthunderclouds.Fromthere,

theairgoesdown.Warmanddryairisrelativelystable,andonceitcoversaregion,

thatair,inturn,causesthecalmbeforeastorm.

Mostthunderstorms,though,don'tstartwithcalm.That*sbecausemostare

actuallygroupsofstormswithcomplexwindpatterns.There'ssomuchairmovingup

anddownstormgroupsthatthecalmbeforethestormneverhappens.Instead,before

thestorm,Utmightbereallywindy!

1、Whichbestfitsthedescriptionofaparticularkindofstorm?

A.Athunderstormwithasingleshape.

B.Athunderstormwithoutstrongwinds.

C.Astormwithairdrawnfromeverydirection.

D.Astormfueledbymovingairfromtheground.

2、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph3referto?

A.Coldanddryair.B.Warmanddryair.

C.Coldanddampair.D.Warmanddampair.

3、Whichdoesthewritermostlikelyagreeto?

A.Presenceofthecalmreliesonstableair.

B.Notallthunderstormsstartwiththecalm.

C.Thedriertheairis,thebiggerthestormwillbe.

D.Stormhappenswithoutairmovingupanddown.

4、Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Causesandeffectsofaheavystorm.

B.Abriefdescriptionofapeacefulstorm.

C.Apersonalexperienceofaheavystorm.

D.Anexplanationofthecalmbeforeastorm.

第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，

從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).

26.（30分）SteveMorriswasnotatypicalchild.Butwhenhewasnine,his1to

betypicalwasverystrong.OfallthepeopleSteveremembered,onewoman,his

primary-schoolteacher,MrsBeneduci,2inhismind.MrsBeneduciwasawise

person.Sherealizedthatmerewordstoakid3notcarrymuchweight.So

instead9withthesecretaidofalittlemouse,shefounda4toshowStevehisreal

talent.

OnedayMrsBeneducibeganher5withthequestion:whowasAbrahamLincoln?

Amywasrequiredtoanswerit.Shesaidina6voice,“Uh???he,uh,hada

beard.Thestudentsburstinto7^Steve?99saidtheteacher.Stevestoodupand

8confidently9“Hewasthe16thPresidentoftheUnitedStates.”

9withSteve'sperformance,theteacherthenaddedthatAbrahamLincolnhad

beenPresidentduringtheCivilWar...Thenshestopped?10shewaslisteningto

something.Itsoundedlikeamouse.Thelittlegirlsscreamed.Somestoodontheir

chairs.MrsBeneducitriedto11thestudentsdown,andaskedStevetofindthe

poorlittlecreature.

Stevesatstraightupinhischairandaskedeverybodytobe12Inthesudden

stillnessheraisedhishead,hesitatedforamoment,and13tothe

wastebasket."He'srightoverthere!”saidSteve14"Icanhearhim!^^

Andsohewas:afrightenedlittlemousethatwas15beneaththewastepaper,

hopingtogo16Naturegavehimaremarkablepairof17tomakeupfor

hisblindness.Intheheartofsmall,sightlessSteveapridewasborn,andthatprideis

withhimstill.18theincident,MrsBeneduciwouldcontinueto19his

talent,andshealwaysremindedSteveofthelittlemouse.

Alittlemousegaveasmallboy20SteveMorrisisnowasingerwhoispopularall

overtheworld.

1、A.limitB.desireC.directionD.courage

2、A.standsoutB.turnsupC.getsthroughD.givesaway

3、A.willB.shallC.mightD.must

4、A.controlB.chanceC.powerD.choice

5、A.restB.holidayC.studyD.class

6、A.lowB.proudC.longD.wide

7^A.tearsB.laughterC.cheersD.applause

8、A.decidedB.predictedC.answeredD.required

9、A.SatisfiedB.ConfusedC.ThrilledD.Surprised

10>A.evenwhenB.sothatC.justbecauseD.asthough

11、A.calmB.lieC.keepD.settle

12>A.relaxedB.anxiousC.quietD.active

13、A.pointedB.walkedC.fellD.rushed

14>A.slowlyB.proudlyC.carefullyD.luckily

15、A.runningB.escapingC.fightingD.struggling

16、A.undiscoveredB.unexplainedC.untreatedD.unhurt

17、A.armsB.handsC.legsD.ears

18、A.BeforeB?InC.AfterD.For

19、A.testB.encourageC.inspectD.feel

20、A.excitementB.patienceC.warmthD.confidence

第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或

括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

27.（15分）DoyouDouyin?

Gotamoment-or,perhaps,15seconds?Intheageoffragmented（碎片化的）time,

Douyin,whichisamassivehitinChinarightnow,canperfectlyfillinthegapswhen

peoplehavenothingL（good）todobetweentwoevents;itsdailyplays2?（spread）

overonebillioninthepastfewyears.TheMeipai（美拍Alikeappallowsuserstoproduce

creativeshortvideosthatcombinemusicwithmouthshapesorbodymoves.Theycan

dance,sing,cookordo3,theirheartsdesire.

LaunchedinSeptember2016,Douyin4?（own）byZhangYiming,oneofChina's

toptechleaders;hechairsByteDance.SimilartohowMeipaiworked51_atime-limited

videoplatform（平臺(tái)），Douyinisa6,（collect）ofbrief15-secondmusicvideos,mainly

focusedonyoungpeople,7.it'scertainlysuitableforallages.

Ontheplatform,childishandstrangebehaviorsare8,（total）acceptable.In

high-pressureworld,itisnosurprisethatDouyinhasbecomesosuccessful-allyou

needtodoispickupyourphoneandopentheapptorelievesomestressandhave

9.laugh.Theapppushesrelatedvideosandproductsbasedonusers*preferencesand

consequently,Douyincanbequiteaddictive-manypeoplejustwanttoenjoyafew

minutesatfirst,butendup10?（consume）severalhours*videotime.

第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（滿分10分）

28.（10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下

作文。文中共有10處錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修

改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)（A）,并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。

注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2、只允許修改10處，多者（從第U處起）不計(jì)分。

Oneyearago,IhadaspecialEnglishlessonholdattherailwaystation.Itwasquite

differentfromtheregularEnglishclasseswewerefamiliarto,forwehadnotextbooks,

noblackboardandnofixedseats.

Gatheredattheentranc