海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)工程測(cè)量規(guī)程（NB-T 10104-2018）英文版

NBICS27.180NBP61RecordNumber:J18-2014EnergySECTORStandardofthePeople’sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國(guó)能源行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)PNB/T10104-2018SpecificationforSurveyingofOffshoreWindPowerProjects海上風(fēng)電場(chǎng)工程測(cè)量規(guī)程AnnouncementofNationalEnergyAdministrationofthePeople’sRepublicofChina[2018]No.16AccordingtotherequirementsofDocumentGNJKJ[2009]No.52,NoticeonReleasingtheEnergySectorStandardizationAdministrationRegulations(Tentative)anddetailedimplementationrulesissuedbyNationalEnergyAdministrationofthePeople’sRepublicofChina,204sectorstandardssuchasCodeforEngineeringGeologicalInvestigationofPhotovoltaicPowerProjects,including32energystandards(NB)and172electricpowerstandards(DL),areissuedbyNationalEnergyAdministrationofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaafterduereview.Attachment:DirectoryofSectorStandardsNationalEnergyAdministrationofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaDecember25,2018Attachment:DirectoryofSectorStandardsSerialNumberStandardNumberTitleReplacedstandard

No.AdoptedinternationalstandardNo.ApprovalDateImplementationDate…5NB/T10104-2018SpecificationforSurveyingofOffshoreWindPowerProjectsDecember25,2018May1,2019…

ForewordAccordingtotherequirementsofDocumentGNKJ[2015]No.12NoticeonReleasingtheSecondBatchofIndustrialStandardFormulation(Revision)PlaninEnergySectorin2014issuedbyNationalEnergyAdministrationofthePeople'sRepublicofChina,thisSpecificationisformulatedbythepreparationteamafterextensiveinvestigationandresearchthroughcarefullysummarizingpracticalexperiencesandreferringtorelevantdomesticandforeignadvancedstandardsonthebasisofextensiveconsultation.Themaintechnicalcontentsofthisspecificationinclude:controlsurvey,waterlevelcontrol,topographicsurvey,specialsurvey,spatialdataeditingandGISdevelopment,inspection,acceptanceanddataarchiving.NationalEnergyAdministrationofthePeople’sRepublicofChinaisinchargeoftheadministrationofthisspecification.ChinaRenewableEnergyEngineeringInstitutehasproposedthisspecificationandisresponsibleforitsroutinemanagement.WindFarmPlanningandDesignSubcommitteeofEnergySectorStandardizationTechnicalCommitteeonWindPowerisresponsiblefortheinterpretationofthespecifictechnicalcontents.Commentsandsuggestionsintheimplementationofthiscodeshouldbeaddressedto:ChinaRenewableEnergyEngineeringInstituteNo.2Beixiaojie,Liupukang,XichengDistrict,Beijing100120,ChinaChiefdevelopmentorganization:POWERCHINAHuadongEngineeringCorporationLimitedZhejiangHuadongSurveying,MappingandGeoinformationCo.,Ltd.Participatingdevelopmentorganization:ZhejiangHuadongConstructionEngineeringCo.,Ltd.Chiefdraftingstaff:YANZhanglin SHANZhigang SHIJianwei FENGLeiGAOHongqi WANGMingyuan ZHUChengrui SHIJinyangLUOXujia XUWeihong JIANGPeiwu XUZhongbiaoWENGPengfei LIXingkai ZHANGKunLIXiaofeiXUJian YANPengReviewpanelmembers:BAOJingyang GUOJiming WANGHuiming HUANGJingboLUEnfeng GOUShengguo XIAOShengchang XIENianshengLIUDongqing RENShaohua LIUGuiping YINGYuankangBAOJiang XIMinwei ZHAOShijun TANGWenyuLIShishengContents1GeneralProvisions 12Terms 23BasicRequirements 34ControlSurvey 54.1GeneralRequirements 54.2HorizontalControlSurvey 54.3VerticalControlSurvey 74.4Documentation 115WaterLevelControl 125.1GeneralRequirements 125.2SettingofTidalStation 125.3WaterLevelObservation 155.4DeterminationofMeanSeaLevel 165.5DeterminationofSoundingDatum 175.6Documentation 186TopographicSurvey 206.1GeneralRequirements 206.2CoastalTopographicSurvey 206.3BathymetricSurvey 226.4CompilationofTopographicMap 256.5Documentation 277SpecialSurvey 287.1ExplorationPointSurvey 287.2NavigationAidsSurvey 287.3SubmarineObstacleDetection 297.4SeabedPipelineRouteSurvey 297.5SeaAreaUseRegisterSurvey 307.6ConstructionSurvey 327.7As-BuiltSurvey 337.8DeformationMonitoring 338SpatialDataEditingandGisDevelopment 368.1GeneralRequirements 368.2SpatialDataEditingandStorage 368.3GisDevelopment 379Inspection,AcceptanceandDataArchiving 399.1InspectionandAcceptance 399.2DataArchiving 39AppendixAMeanSeaLevelDeterminationMethodsforShort-Term

andTemporaryTidalStations 41AppendixBOperationalRequirementsforBathymetricSurvey

byRtkwithoutTidalObservation 44AppendixCTestsonBerthingStabilityandNavigation

forSingle-BeamEchosounder 46AppendixDOperationalRequirementsforMultibeamSoundingSystem 47AppendixEOperationalRequirementsforSideScanSonarSurvey 50AppendixFOperationalRequirementsforSub-BottomProfilerSurvey 54AppendixGOperationalRequirementsforMarineMagneticSurvey 57ExplanationofWordinginThisSpecification 59ListofQuotedStandards 60PAGE151GeneralProvisions1.0.1Thespecificationisformulatedtostandardizethecontents,methodsandtechnicalrequirementsofoffshorewindpowerprojects,andensurethequalityofsurveyresults.1.0.2Thespecificationisapplicabletothesurveyofoffshorewindpowerprojects.1.0.3Inadditiontothisspecification,thesurveyofoffshorewindpowerprojectsshallalsocomplywiththecurrentrelevantstandardsofChina.

2Terms2.0.1soundingdatumtheinitialdepthsurfaceofchartsandvariousbathymetricdata.2.0.2lowestnormallowwaterthelowestpossiblewaterlevel,whichisthesoundingdatumcurrentlyusedinChina.2.0.3real-timekinematicrelativepositioning(RTK)Accordingtotheprincipleofcarrierphasedifferentialtechniques,thedifferentialdataofareferencestationaretransmittedtothesatellitepositioningreceiverofamovingstationusingradiocommunicationtechnology.Therelativepositioningofthereal-timetrajectoryofthesatellitepositioningreceiverantennacanbecalculatedanddetermined,whichistermedascarrierphasereal-timedynamicsurveyorRTKsurvey.2.0.4satellite-basedaugmentationGNSSsystemThepositioningsystemofthesatellites-basedGNSSpositioningcorrectioninformationandachievingimprovementofpositioningaccuracy.2.0.5tidalstationanobservationstationwhichrecordswaterlevelchangesbysettingupmarigraphsortidestaffsandfurtherknowsthelawoftidalchangesatselectedlocations.2.0.6bathymetricchartBathymetricchartsofunderwaterdepthsrecordedbysurfacefeaturesymbols,depthcontours,andwaterdepthannotationsaccordingtotheplanimetricpositionanddepthdataofsoundingpoints.2.0.7routeinvestigationtheinvestigationofsubmarinetopographyandgeomorphology,marinegeology,geophysics,andhydrologyfortheseaareastobepassedthroughbeforelayingsubmarinepipelines,

3BasicRequirements3.0.1Beforeoperation,relevantdatashallbecollectedandanalyzed,fieldsurveyshallbeperformed,andtechnicaldesigndocumentshallbecompiled;duringoperation,qualitycontrolshallbedone;afteroperation,generaltechnicalreportsshallbecompiled.3.0.2TheselectionorestablishmentofplanecoordinatesystemsandheightdatumshallcomplywiththecurrentnationalstandardGB50026CodeforEngineeringSurveying.3.0.3Soundingdatumshallusethelowestnormallowwater;theareaswiththedeterminedsoundingdatumshallusethedeterminedvalue,whiletheareaswithoutthedeterminedsoundingdatumshallusethevaluejointlycalculatedwithadjacentlong-termtidalstations.3.0.4TheselectionofamapscaleshallcomplywithTable3.0.4.Table3.0.4SelectionofamapscaleEngineeringstageEngineeringareaMapscalePlanningWindfarm1:10000,1:25000,1:50000Pre-feasibilitystudyWindfarm1:5000,1:10000FeasibilitystudyWindfarm1:2000,1:5000DetaildesignforbiddingandconstructionSeabedcablelayoutarea1:500,1:1000Onshorecentralizedcontrolcenterandstep-upsubstationlayoutarea1:500,1:1000Offshorestep-upsubstationlayoutarea1:500Windturbineslayoutarea1:200,1:5003.0.5Topographicmapswithascaleof1:200and1:500shallusethebasiccontourintervalof0.5m,whileoneswithotherscalesshouldusethebasiccontourintervalof1.0m.3.0.6Topographicmapswithascaleof1:500-1:50000shouldbesubdividedandnumberedaccordingtotherelevantprovisionsofthecurrentnationalstandardGB/T13989SubdivisionandNumberingfortheNationalPrimaryScaleTopographicMaps;topographicmapswithascaleof1:200andtheareasusingindependentcoordinatesystemsmaybesubdividedintoasetofsquaresorrectangles,andthennumberedaccordingtothesequenceofsurveyareas;whereastheareaswithzonalandirregularshapesmaybesubdividedfreely.3.0.7Relatedinstrumentsandequipmentshallbeinspected,calibrated,andmaintainedwithmoreefforts.Theusedsoftwareshallbecertifiedorinspected.3.0.8Surveyingaccuracyshallusemeansquareerrorasthestandard,andlimiterrorsshallbetwotimesofmeansquareerror.3.0.9Existingtopographicmapsshallfirstbetestedandthenmodified,orretestedaccordingtothetestresults.3.0.10Electronicbooksanddataterminalsshouldbeusedforfieldobservationrecords.3.0.11Beforeperformingsitesurveyofoffshorewindpowerprojects,identificationofhazardsourcesatworkingseaareasandassessmentofsecurityrisksshallbecarriedout,andsafetyriskcontrolmeasuresandemergencyplansshallbedeveloped.Inaddition,operatorsorworkersshallbeeducatedandtrainedaboutmaritimesafety.3.0.12Thewastesandsolidwastesgeneratedshallbedisposedofwhilesurveyoperationofoffshorewindpowerprojectsisongoing.4ControlSurvey4.1GeneralRequirements4.1.1ThefourthorfirstorderplanecontrolnetworksshallbeestablishedastheprimaryplanecontrolinsurveyareasaccordingtothecurrentnationalstandardGB50026CodeforEngineeringSurveying.4.1.2TheplanecontrolsurveyshoulduseGNSSsurveyortraversesurvey.4.1.3Thefourthorfifthorderverticalcontrolnetworksshallbeestablishedastheprimaryverticalcontrolinsurveyareas.4.1.4Verticalcontrolshoulduselevelingortrigonometriclevelingbasedonelectromagneticdistancemeasurement(EDM).ThefifthorderverticalcontrolmayalsouseGNSSelevationsurvey.4.2HorizontalControlSurvey4.2.1TherequirementsofGNSScontrolnetworkaccuraciesandtheaveragesidelengthsofadjacentpointsshallcomplywithTable4.2.1.Table4.2.1RequirementsofGNSScontrolnetworkaccuraciesandaveragesidelengthsofadjacentpoints.OrderAveragesidelengthofadjacentpoints(km)FixederrorA(mm)ProportionalerrorB(ppm)RelativemeansquareerrorofsidelengthsoftheweakestadjacentpointsForth2-4≤10≤10≤1/40000First0.5-2.0≤10≤20≤1/20000NOTE:Whenthesidelengthofacontrolnetworkislessthan0.5km,theaccuracyiscalculatedas0.5km4.2.2MaintechnicalindexesofstaticGNSScontrolnetworksurveyshallcomplywithTable4.2.2.4.2.3ThefirstorderGNSSsurveymayuseRTKsurvey.Theareaswiththecontinuousoperationreferencestation(CORS)networkshoulduseCORSforRTKsurvey.MaintechnicalrequirementsofRTKsurveyshallcomplywithTable4.2.3.Table4.2.2MaintechnicalindexesofstaticGNSScontrolnetworksurveyOrderForthFirstReceivertypeDoublefrequencyorsinglefrequencyInstrumentnominalaccuracy10mm+5ppmStaticSatellitealtitudeangle(o)≥15≥15Numberofobservationperiods(#)≥1≥1Timeofobservationperiods(min)≥45≥30ContinuedTable4.2.2Numberofeffectiveobservationsatellites≥4≥4Datasamplinginterval(s)5-155-15FaststaticSatellitealtitudeangle(o)-≥15Timeofobservationperiods(min)-10-15Numberofeffectiveobservationsatellites-≥4Datasamplinginterval(s)-5-15Positiondilutionofaccuracy(PDOP)≤6≤8NOTE:Whenthefourthorfirstorderindependentnetworkistheprimarycontrolofthesurveyarea,thenumberofobservationperiodsshallnotbelessthan1.6,thatis,thenumberofrepeatedstationsshallnotbeless60%oftotalstations.Table4.2.3MaintechnicalrequirementsofRTKsurvey.Meansquareerrorofpointposition(cm)RelativemeansquareerrorofsidelengthDistancebetweenamovingstationandareferencestation(km)ObservationnumbersOrderofinitialpoints≤5≤1/20000≤5≥4FourthorderandaboveNOTE:WhenusingCORSforRTKsurvey,thesurveyingdistancebetweenthemovingandreferencestationsisunlimited,butitshallbewithintheeffectiveservicerangeofCORS.4.2.4Thelayout,observation,anddataprocessingofaGNSSnetworkshallcomplywithbothArticles4.2.1-4.2.3ofthisspecificationandthecurrentnationalstandardGB50026CodeforEngineeringSurveying.4.2.5Maintechnicalrequirementsoftraversesurveyshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:1 MaintechnicalindexesofthefourthandfirstordertraversesurveyshallcomplywithTable4.2.5.

Table4.2.5MaintechnicalindexesofthefourthandfirstordertraversesurveyOrderLengthoftraverse(km)Averagesidelength(km)Meansquareerrorofangleobservation(")Meansquareerrorofranging(mm)RelativemeansquareerrorofrangingNumberofobservationsetofhorizontalangleobservationMisclosureinazimuth(")Relativemisclosureoftraverse1"orderinstrument2"orderinstrumentFourth9.01.52.5181/8000046≤1/35000First4.00.55.0151/30000—2≤1/15000NOTE:nisthenumberofstations.2 Whenthemaximummapscaleis1:1000insurveyareas,thelengthandaveragesidelengthofthefirstordertraversemaybelengthenedappropriately,butthemaximumlengthshallnotbemorethan2timesofthatspecifiedinTable4.2.5.4.2.6Thelayout,observation,anddataprocessingoftraverseshallcomplywithbothArticle4.2.5ofthisspecificationandthecurrentnationalstandardGB50026CodeforEngineeringSurveying.4.3VerticalControlSurvey4.3.1Thedistancebetweenadjacentverticalcontrolpointsshallbe1km-3km,butthereshallbeatleastthreeverticalcontrolpointsinandaroundasurveyarea.4.3.2MaintechnicalrequirementsoflevelingshallcomplywithTable4.3.2.Table4.3.2MaintechnicalrequirementsoflevelingOrderLinelength(km)Totalmeansquareerrorofmeanelevationdifferenceperkilometre(mm)TypeoflevelinginstrumentDifferenceofheightdifferenceofthemeasuredsection(mm)Misclosureofannexedlevelinglineorclosedlevelingline(mm)Randommeansquareerrorofmeanelevationdifferenceperkilometre(mm)ClosedlevelinglineAnnexedlevelinglineFlatlandMountainFourth≤100≤8010DS3/DSZ35.0Fifth≤45157.5NOTE: 1Thelinelengthbetweennodesornodesandhigh-levelnodesshallnotbemorethan0.7timesofthelinelengthspecifiedinthetable.2Thetypeoflevelinginstrumentslistedinthetableistheminimumrequirement.3Risthelengthofthemeasuredsection;Listhelengthoftheannexedlevelinglineorclosedlevelingline;ifRandLarelessthan1km,theyaregivenas1km;nisthenumberofstations.4Whenthenumberofone-waylevelingstationsperkilometernismorethan16,themisclosureshouldbecalculatedaccordington.4.3.3Thefifthorderlevelingshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:1 Annexedlevelinglinesorclosedlevelinglinesmayuseone-wayobservation.Openroutescanuseforeandreverseobservationorone-waytwinturningpointobservation.Observationshallbeconductedintheorderof‘back-back-front-front’.2 MaintechnicalrequirementsofthefifthorderlevelingshallcomplywithTable4.3.3-1.Table4.3.3-1MaintechnicalrequirementsofthefifthorderlevelingTypeofinstrumentMaximumstadiadistance(m)Foreandbackstadiadifference(m)Foreandbackstadiacumulativedifferenceofstations(m)HeightofsightNumberofrepeatedobservationsOpticallevel150≤20.0≤100.0Stadiahair,horizontalcrosshair—Digitallevel100≤20.0≤100.0Energyreading≥23 Thefifthorderlevelingshoulduseahorizontalcrosshairmethod.ObservationtoleranceofthefifthorderlevelingstationshallnotbemorethanthevaluesspecifiedinTable4.3.3-2.Table4.3.3-2Observationtoleranceofthefifthorderlevelingstation(mm)DifferencebetweentheblackandredreadingsortworeadingsDifferencebetweenheightdifferencebetweentheblackandredreadingsortworeadingsTurningpointdifferencebetweenleftandrightroutesIntervalpointheightdifference4.06.06.06.04.3.4 Thelayout,observation,anddataprocessingofalevelingnetworkshallcomplywithbothArticles4.3.1-4.3.3ofthisspecificationandthecurrentnationalstandardGB50026CodeforEngineeringSurveying.4.3.5 Thefourthandfifthordertrigonometriclevelingbasedonelectromagneticdistancemeasurement(EDM)shouldcombinewithplanecontrolsurveytosimultaneouslyperformsurvey.Itmayalsobearrangedseparatelyasannexedelevationtraverse,closedelevationtraverseorelevationtraversenetworks.4.3.6 TheroutelengthsoftrigonometriclevelingbasedonEDMshallnotbemorethanthetotallengthofthecorrespondingorderlevelingroute.MaintechnicalrequirementsoftrigonometriclevelingbasedonEDMshallcomplywithTable4.3.6.Table4.3.6MaintechnicalrequirementsoftrigonometriclevelingbasedonEDMOrderTotalmeansquareerrorofmeanelevationdifferenceperkilometre(mm)InstrumentaccuracylevelSidelength

(km)ObservationmethodHeightdifferenceofoppositeobservation(mm)Annexedorclosederror(mm)SidelengthAngleFourth1010mmlevel2″level≤1OppositeobservationFifth15≤1OppositeobservationNOTE:DistheedgelengthofEDM(km).4.3.7TheobservationanddataprocessingoftrigonometriclevelingbasedonEDMshallcomplywithbothArticles4.3.5-4.3.6ofthisspecificationandthecurrentnationalstandardGB50026CodeforEngineeringSurveying.4.3.8HeightdeterminationinGNSSverticalsurveyshoulduseheightfittingorquasi-geoidmodel.4.3.9MaintechnicalrequirementsofthefifthorderGNSS-RTKverticalcontrolsurveyshallcomplywithTable4.3.9.Table4.3.9MaintechnicalrequirementsofthefifthorderGNSS-RTKverticalcontrolsurveyVerticalmeansquareerror(cm)Distancebetweenthemovingandreferencestations(km)NumberofobservationsOrderofinitialpoint≤3.0≤5.0≥2FourthorderandaboveNOTE:1Verticalmeansquareerroristhemeansquareerrorbetweentheheightsofcontrolpointsandnearestreferencestation.2WhenusingCORSsurvey,thedistancebetweenthemovingandreferencestationsisunlimited,butitshallbewithintheeffectiveservicerangeofCORS.4.3.10GNSSverticalsurveyshallcomplywithbothArticles4.3.8-4.3.9ofthisspecificationandthecurrentnationalstandardGB50026CodeforEngineeringSurveying.4.3.11Water-crossingverticalsurveyshouldusewater-crossingleveling,trigonometriclevelingbasedonEDM,synchronousmeansealeveling,etc.Thelocationsofcrossingpointsofwater-crossingverticalsurveyshallbetheplaceswithnarrowwatersurfaceandstablefoundation.Theheightofsightlinesshouldbehigherthan3mwhenusingwater-crossinglevelingandtrigonometriclevelingbasedonEDM.4.3.12Water-crossinglevelingshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:1 Twostationsandlevelingstaffsshallbesymmetricallyarranged.Maintechnicalrequirementsofwater-crosslevelingshallcomplywithTable4.3.12.Table4.3.12Maintechnicalrequirementsofwater-crossinglevelingInterval(m)TypeofinstrumentNumberofobservationsetNumberoffarstaffreadingsofsemi-observationsetErrorofobservationset(mm)FourthFifth<200DS312——200-4002312252 Theobservationsequenceofoneobservationsetis:(1)toreadthenearstaffandthenthefarstaffontheoneshore;(2)aftermovingtheinstrumenttotheoppositeshore,toreadthefarstafffirstwithoutfocusingandthenthenearstaff.3 Intwo-wayobservation,thelengthsoftwosightlinesacrossthewatershouldbethesameandthelengthsoftwosightlinesontheshoresshouldbethesameandlargerthan10m.Inone-wayobservation,ahalfofthesurveyingworkiscompletedinthemorningandhalfintheafternoon,respectively.4.3.13Whenperformingwater-acrosssurveybytrigonometriclevelingbasedonEDM,instrumentsoforder2″oraboveshallbeusedandtheoppositeobservationshouldbeusedincloudydaysundersimilarmeteorologicalconditions.MaintechnicalrequirementsoftrigonometriclevelingbasedonEDMshallcomplywithArticle4.3.6ofthisspecification.Thenumberofobservationsetofverticalangles,measuredbyEDMbasedtrigonometriclevelingwater-acrosssurvey,shallcomplywithTable4.3.13.Table4.3.13Thenumberofobservationsetofverticalangles,measuredbyEDMbasedtrigonometriclevelingwater-acrosssurveyObservationmethodNumberofobservationsetCrossingdistancelessthan1kmCrossingdistancebetween1kmand2kmHorizontalcrosshair46Stadiahair,horizontalcrosshair—34.3.14Synchronousmeansealevelingisusedtotransferelevationfortheseaareaswithsimilartidalproperties.TheobservationtechnicalrequirementsofsynchronousmeansealevelingshallcomplywithTable4.3.14.Table4.3.14ObservationtechnicalrequirementsofsynchronousmeansealevelingDistance(km)Continuousobservationtime(d)ObservationintervalHalfanhourbeforeandafterhigh,low,andslacktides(min)Otherobservationtime<10≥310Sharptime10~50≥710SharptimeNOTE:Whentheheighttransmissiondistanceexceeds50km,thecontinuousobservationtimeshallbeappropriatelyincreasedaccordingtothespecificsituationoftides.4.4Documentation4.4.1Afterthecompletionofcontrolsurvey,thefollowingdocumentsshallbeprocessed:1 Technicaldesigndocuments.2 Descriptionofburied-points.3 Mapsofcontrolnetworks.4 Originalrecords.5 Controlcalculationdataandcontrolresulttables.6 Inspectiondataofsurveyinstrumentsandequipment.7 Inspectionreportsandtechnicalsummaryreports.8 Otherrelevantinformation.4.4.2Afterthecompletionofaproject,thefollowingachievementdatashallbesubmitted:1 Technicaldesigndocuments.2 Descriptionofburied-points.3 Mapsofcontrolnetworks.4 Controlpointtables.5 Inspectionreportsandtechnicalsummaryreports.5WaterLevelControl5.1GeneralRequirements5.1.1Waterlevelcontrolmayuseexistingtidalstationsornewtidalstations.Engineeringareasofoffshorewindfarmsshallestablishtheconversionrelationshipbetweenelevationdatumandsoundingdatum.5.1.2Tidalstationsmayusetidestaffs,self-recordingwaterlevelmeters,andcommunicationdevicesofwaterleveltoobservewaterlevel.Fixedoffshoretidalstationsmayobservewaterlevelbyfixed-pointsounding.5.1.3Adjacentlong-termtidalstationdatashallbeusedtodeterminemeansealevelandsoundingdatumofnewshort-termandtemporarytidalstationsinthesurveyarea.5.1.4Long-termtidalstationsshallcontaincontinuouslyobservedwaterleveldataformorethan2years;short-termtidalstationsshallcontaincontinuouslyobservedwaterleveldataformorethan30days;temporarytidalstationsshallcontaincontinuouslyobservedwaterleveldataformorethan15days.Inthecaseofsemidiurnaltideandspecialdifficulties,thetemporarytidalstationsmaybesetattheplacewheresynchronousobservationofwaterleveliscarriedoutfor3daysduringspringtides.5.1.5WaterlevelobservationshalluseBeijingtime.5.1.6Waterlevelcorrectionshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:1 Thecalculatedvaluesofmeansealevelandsoundingdatumshallbe0.01m.2 Whenthecontrolrangesofadjacenttidalstationsareoverlapped,waterlevelshallbecorrectedbywaterleveldataofthenearesttidalstations.3 Whenthecontrolrangesofadjacenttidalstationsarenotoverlapped,waterlevelshallbe,accordingtotheactualcondition,correctedbyusingthewaterlevelzonalmethod,thetimedifferencemethod,theleastsquarefittingmethod,andtheresidualwaterlevelmethod.4 Theseaareas,whicharefarfromtheshoreandunabletosetupfixedtidalstations,mayusethetidepredictionmethod.5.2SettingofTidalStation5.2.1Thedesignofatidalstationshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:1 ThelayoutdensityshallcomplywiththecurrentnationalstandardGB12327SpecificationforHydrographicSurvey.2 Accordingtoexistingtidalstationdata,tidalmodels,andtidalwavecharts,forasurveyarea,thefollowingsettingparametersshallbecalculatedandanalyzed,includingthetidetypeandvariations,themaximumandminimumtideranges,themaximumtideheightdifferenceandtidetimedifferencebetweentidalstations,theconsistencyofnearbyresidualwaterlevelchanges,etc.Temporarytidalstationsaresetuptoobservetidesincaseofinsufficientbasicdata.3 Onthepremiseofensuringlayoutdensityandcontroleffects,short-termandlong-termtidalstationsshouldbelocatedatthefeatureplaces,suchastheplacesnearbayhead,estuary,watercrossingandnon-tidepoints,whichaffectwaterlevelcontrols.4 Datacheckingschemesshallbedevelopedforthecitedlong-termtidalstations.5 Thedesignelements,suchastheselectionofobservationequipment,thelayoutoflevelingjointroutes,andhydrographicdatumtransferringmethods,shallbeconsideredfortheshort-termandtemporarytidalstationstobesetup.5.2.2Thelocationofatidalstationshallcomplywiththefollowingrequirements:1 Itshallfullyreflectthechangesofwaterlevelneartidalstations,andensurethefreeflowofwater,andtherearenosandbanksandshoalsblockingthesurveyareasandnobackwaterandbackflowphenomenainthesurveyareas.2 Itshallbeeasytofirmlyinstallobservationequipment,noteasilyaffectedbywindsandwaves,andcanavoidjetimpactsandshipcollision.3 Itshouldbelocatedatfixedquaywallsandsteepquaywallsforinstallingtideinspectionequipment.5.2.3Afterthesitesoftidalstationsareselected,theyshallberecordedandphotographedonsite,andthecorrespondingsurveyreportshallbecompiled.Fornewtidalstations,experiencebooksshallbeprovided,whilefororiginaltidalstationsandrestoredstations,verificationbooksshallbeprovided.5.2.4Theembeddingoflevelingpointsoftidalstationsshallcomplywiththe