Unit1PastandpresentGrammar課件牛津譯林版八年級英語下冊

牛津譯林版八年級英語下冊Unit1PastandpresentGrammarNewwords:yet,recently,pastGrammar：1.現(xiàn)在完成時的定義2.現(xiàn)在完成時過去分詞的變化規(guī)則3.現(xiàn)在完成時的四個句型4.現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志詞NewWordsNewWordsyet[jet]

adv.

還；仍

recently[?ri?s(?)ntli]

adv.

近來；最近

past[pɑ?st]adj.過去的

recentadj.最近的

NewWordsヽヽ∨∨

ヽTextText時態(tài)定義句型標(biāo)志詞現(xiàn)在完成時定義1.從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。2.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響。3.這個動作多次進(jìn)行。句型：1.主語+have/has+done...2.主語+have/has+not+done...3.Have/Has+主語+done...?4.特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+done時間標(biāo)志詞：just,ever,since,sincethen,overtheyears,before,yet,recently,already,overthepastcentury,overthepasttwohours,for...

IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellNegativeformHave/hasnot+PPhavenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’tWorkouttherule:IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellQuestionformDaniel:I’mhungry,Mum.____you________dinneryet?Mum:Yes,Ihave.Andyou?_____you________yourhomeworkyet?Daniel:No,Ihaven’t.ButcanIhavedinnerfirst?Ihaven’thadanythingsincelunch.Have/Has+S+PP….?Have

cookedHave

finishedWorkouttherule:Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwelladv.還，仍adv.近來，最近adj.過去的→___________adj.LookandReadyetrecentlypastrecent現(xiàn)在完成時的定義1.從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。2.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響。3.這個動作多次進(jìn)行。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.EddiehasjusteatenHobo'sfood.(Eddieatethefood,andnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)Ihavealreadyreadthisbookmanytimes.關(guān)鍵：謂語動詞的形式（have/has+動詞過去分詞）IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellGrammar現(xiàn)在完成時：動詞過去分詞doneGrammarOne大部分動詞+edfinished以e結(jié)尾的動詞+dchange以y結(jié)尾的動詞把y改為i+edcarry以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞雙寫最后一個字母+edstopd不規(guī)則變化AAA型hit-hit-hitAAB型beat-beat-beatenABB型spend-spent-spentABC型do-did-doneiedpedIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellText1.從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。2.過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在有影響。3.這個動作多次進(jìn)行。IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.EddiehasjusteatenHobo'sfood.(Eddieatethefood,andnowHobohasnothingtoeat.)Ihavealreadyreadthisbookmanytimes.Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell過去分詞的變化規(guī)則大部分動詞+edfinished以e結(jié)尾的動詞+dchange以y結(jié)尾的動詞把y改為i+edcarry以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞雙寫最后一個字母+edstopdiedped不規(guī)則變化AAA型hit-hit-hitAAB型beat-beat-beatenABB型spend-spent-spentABC型do-did-doneIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellHelp

themwritethepastparticiplesoftheverbsbelow.1

borrow

2

hope

3

make

4

get

5plan

6

cry

7send

8watch

9

say

10

grow

11

hit

12

enjoy

ededednedddeiedidntoIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell

MrWuwantsthestudentstopractiseusingthepresentperfecttense.

Helpthemwritethepastparticiplesoftheverbsbelow.A1

borrow

2

hope

3

make

4

get

5plan

6

cry

7send

8watch

9

say

10

grow

11

hit

12

enjoy

ededednedddeiedidntoIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellGrammarTwo現(xiàn)在完成時：四大句式Ihavearrived.Ihavenotarrived.肯定句：主語+have/hasdone+...Yes,you+have/has.HaveIarrived?No,you+haven’t/hasn’t.否定句：主語+haven’t/hasn’tdone+...一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+done+...？Yes,主+have/has.No,主+haven’t/hasn’t.havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’tWhathaveyoudone?特殊疑問句：Whathave/has+主語+done+...?Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell現(xiàn)在完成時的肯定句Ihavearrived.Shehasarrived.主語謂語（have/has+過去分詞）TomandJanehavearrived.注意是否三單主語是三單，用has+過去分詞IfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellPracticeMum:Daniel,yourroomissodirty!Daniel:Sorry,mum.I___________(notclean)itforaweek.Mum:You’dbetterdoitrightnow.Daniel:

ButI___________(notfinish)myhomeworkyet.I’mdoingitnow.Mum:Allright.Bytheway,_____you_______(call)Simonback?Hesaidhehadsomethingimportanttotalkaboutwithyou.Daniel:

Yes,Ihave.Heaskedmetoplayfootballthisweekend.ButI________(notagree).Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell現(xiàn)在完成時常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副詞以及since、for引導(dǎo)的時間狀語連用。如：Hehasalreadytakenfirstprizetwice.他已經(jīng)拿過兩次一等獎了。Hehasnotreturnedthebooktomeyet.他還沒有把那本書還給我。HehasnevervisitedtheGreatWall.他從沒去過長城。注意：already常用于肯定句，意思是“已經(jīng)”，而yet常用于否定句和疑問句，意思是“還”?，F(xiàn)在完成時的動詞構(gòu)成：have/has+動詞的過去分詞Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)：

1.肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞(+其他).

e.g.Someonehascleanedthewindow.有人已經(jīng)擦了窗戶。Wehavelivedherefortwoyears.我們在這里住了兩年了。

2.否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞過去分詞(+其他).

e.g.Ihaven'tfinishedtheworkyet.我還沒有完成這項(xiàng)工作。Hehasn'tcleanedhisroom.他還沒有打掃他的房間。Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell1.already已經(jīng)(用于肯定陳述句）Ihavealreadydonethehomework.2.yet還沒是already的否定式（否定句或疑問句）Ihaven’tdonethehomeworkyet.3.just剛剛（位于謂語動詞前）IhavejustseenDaniel.4.ever曾經(jīng)（多用于疑問句，問初次經(jīng)歷）,Haveyoueverwatchedthefilm?5.never從不（多用于否定陳述句）Ihaveneverreadthisbook.6.recently

最近Haveyoubeenhererecently?TimeexpressionsIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwellhavefinishedhavevisitedhasrepairedhaven’tseenhastaughtPracticeIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell大多數(shù)動詞的過去分詞變化形式同動詞的過去式，可參考動詞的過去式變化規(guī)則。變化舉例一般情況在動詞原形后加-edfinish—finished—finished以字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，只加-dmove—moved—moved以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動詞，把y改為i，再加-edcarry—carried—carried以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加-edstop—stopped—stoppedIfathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)：一般疑問句及其肯定否定回答：

Have/Has+主語+動詞過去分詞(+其他)?Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+haven't/hasn't.

e.g.Haveyoufinishedyouhomework?你做完作業(yè)了嗎？

Yes,Ihave.是的，我做完了。

No,Ihaven't.不，我沒有做完。HasheeverbeentoBeijing?他曾經(jīng)去過北京嗎？Yes,hehas.是的，他過去。

No,hehasn't.不，他沒有去過。Ifathingisworthdoingitisworthworthdoingwell不規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞變化：有些動詞的過去分詞和過去式的變化形式相同，其變化情況大致

分類如下：變化舉例與原形相同hit—hit—hithurt—hurt—hurt在原形后加t或dlearn—learnt—learnthear—heard—heard原形中的元音字母有變化get—got—gotsit—sat—sat原形中的輔音字母有變化make—made—madespill—spilt—spilt原形中的元音、輔音字母都有變化feel—felt—felt