湖南省長沙市2023屆高三上學(xué)期新高考適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷(含答案)

湖南省長沙市2023屆高三上學(xué)期新高考適應(yīng)性考試英語試卷學(xué)校：___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________

一、閱讀理解Stillwaitingforyourlettertoarrivebyowl（貓頭鷹）？Don'tworry.YoucanstillloseyourselfinthemagicalworldofHarryPotter,justbyfollowingthisfour-dayroute.Day1OverviewEdinburghItwasinScotland'scapitalcitythatJ.K.RowlingstartedtoplottheadventuresofHarryandhisfellows.Withstonedstreets，windingalleys（小巷）andmedieval（中世紀的）architecture,thecitycertainlyhasafewthingsincommonwiththesettingsfromthebooksandfilms.Shewrotetheearlychaptersinvariouscafesaroundthecity'sOldTowns.Day2OverviewtraveltoFortWilliamTravelbytrainfromEdinburghtoGlasgowandfromthere,andyoucantaketheWestHighlandLinetoFortWilliam.Thisisagreatwaytoseesomefamousspotsfromthewindow,includingthemysteriousRannochMoor,theplacewhereDeathEatersboardthetraininthemovieHarryPotterandTheDeathlyHallows.Day3OverviewallaboardtheHogwartsexpressWitnessthesweepingcinematicscenerystraightoutoftheeightsuccessfulfilmsbybookingaseatontheJacobiteSteamTrain,whichtravelsfromFortWilliamtoMallaigalongtheWestHighlandLine.StopforlunchinMallaigandthenmakethereturnjourneytoFortWilliam.Pleasebesuretobookthesteamtraininadvance,asitisaverypopularexperience.ItopensfortheseasoninApril.Day4OverviewlakesandvalleysInthefilms，mysterious，mistylandscapesframe（襯托）thebackgroundofHarry'stale，soit'snosurprisethattheproducerschosetheHighlandsformanyscenes.Spendadaywanderingthroughsomeofthesebeautifulspotsandfeelthemagicalatmosphere.1、WheredidJ.K.RowlingfirststarttocreateHarryPotter?A.InMallaig. B.InEdinburgh. C.InGlasgow. D.InFortWilliam.2、Whatareyourequiredtodoifyouwanttotakethesteamtrain?A.Havelunchearlierthanusual. B.Learnaboutthereturnticket.C.Makeareservationbeforehand. D.TakeatrainingcourseinApril3、Onwhichdaycanyouexperiencetheproducers'favoritesettings?A.Day1. B.Day2. C.Day3. D.Day4.SylvesterJamesGatesisthecurrentpresidentoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.Heappearsinanumberofdocumentaries,andisthereceiverofcountlessawards.Inlookingbackathiscareer,GatescreditedMITashis"intellectualbirthingground".Infact,hispathtoMITstartedathome.Hestillremembersthatwhenhewasachild,hisfatheraskedhimandhisthreeyoungersiblings（兄弟姐妹）aquestion：Whatcollegedoyouplantoattend?Hisfatherhadspenthisownchildhoodonasugarcanefarm,andthenworkedinthearmyfor27years,neverhavinghadtheopportunitytoattendcollegehimself.“Buthehadanironfaiththateducationwasthewaytomakeprogressforourfamily,”Gatessaid.GatesfirstlearnedofMITwhenhewas14.Hewaswatchingatelevisionshow,withacharacterwhohappenedtobeanMITstudent.ItleftsuchanimpressionthatGatesdeclaredtohisfatherthatMITwasthecollegehewantedtoattend.Butasherecalled,"Thatdreamalmostneverhappened.”HespenthishighschoolyearsinFlorida.Heandhisfriendsstartedachessteam.Whentheyvisitedotherhighschoolsformatches,hesawthequalityofeverything,fromthefacilities,tothedesks,andeventhebooks—especiallythebooks—wasbetterthanthoseathisownschool.ThisexperiencemadehimhesitateinapplyingtoMIT.Buthisfather,rememberingGates'earlydeclaration,insisted.Whentheacceptancelettercame,itwashisfatherwhogavehimthenews,whilesittingonthefamily'srockingsofa"Hewasenergeticallygoingbackandforth,backandforth,andthenhelookedupandsawme,smilingthebiggestsmile,"Gatessaid."AndthatwasmyintroductiontoMIT—thatverypersonalwelcomingfrommyfather,wholetmeknowthatmydreamcouldcometrue."4、WhatdoweknowaboutGates?A.HeispresidentofMIT B.Hehasgotlotsofhonors.C.HispathtoMITbeganonfarm D.Hisserviceinthearmylasted27years.5、Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribetheauthor'sfather?A.Insightful. B.Picky. C.Educated. D.Hesitant.6、WhatmadeGatesapplytoMIT?A.Theironfaithinhighschoolcareer.B.Father'sinsistenceonhisearlydream.C.Theexperienceofvisitinghighschools.D.HiscommunicationwithanMITstudent.7、Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.It'snevertoolatetolearn.B.Knowledgemakesonehumble.C.Makingmistakesispartoflearning.D.Birthismuchbuteducationismore.Currently,NewZealand'sgovernmentannouncesitwillhelppayforpoorerfamiliestoreplacetheiroldcarswithcleanerhybrid（混合動力的）orelectricones.Thegovernmentsaysitplanstospend$357milliononthetestprogram.Themoveispartofawiderplantoreducegreenhousegasemissions（排放物）.GreenhousegasesarebelievedtocausewarmingtemperaturesintheEarth'satmosphere.NewZealandplanstoprovideaidforbusinessestoreduceemissionsandhavebusesthatrunonenvironmentallysafefuelby2035.Thegovernmentalsoplanstoprovidefood-wastecollectionformosthomesby2030.PrimeMinisterJacindaArdemsaidinastatement,“We’veallseentherecentreportsonsealevelriseanditsinfluencerighthereinNewZealand.Wecannotleavetheissueofclimatechangeuntilit'stoolatetofix."TheplanisasteptowardNewZealand'sstatedgoalofreachingnet-zero（凈零）carbonemissionsby2050.Reachingnet-zeroemissionsmeansnotcreatingmorecarbonintheatmospherethanoceansandforestscanremove.Ardernsaidthatreducingdependenceontraditionalfuelswouldhelpprotectfamiliesfromextremepriceincreases.Theplanalsosetsagoalofreducingtotalcartravelby20percentoverthenext13years.Theprogramswillbepaidforfroma$2.8billionclimateemergencyresponsefund.Officialssaidthatovertime,moneycollectedfrompolluterswouldpayfortheprogramsratherthantaxesfromfamilies.SomecriticsoftheplansayitcontinuedtobelessrestrictiveonNewZealand'shugeagricultureindustry.Agriculturecreatesmorethanhalfofthenation'stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Butitisalsoimportanttotheeconomyasthenation'sbiggestexportearner.DavidSeymouristheleaderofNewZealand'sACTpoliticalparty.Hesaidthatsomeoftheannouncedprogramswereproventobeineffectiveandhadbeentriedandfailedoverseas.Seymouraddedthatpeopleshouldbeabletochoosehowtheyreduceemissionsthroughthemarket-basedemissionstradingplan.8、WhatdoesNewZealandgovernmentplantodo?A.Increasedependenceontraditionalfuels.B.Reduceexpenseonfood-wastecollection.C.Offerbusinesseshelptolessenemissions.D.Buycarsforfamiliesanddoublecartravel.9、WhatdoesJacindaArdemsuggestdoingabouttheclimatechange?A.Observingthesealevelrise. B.Publishingtherecentreports.C.Dealingwiththeissueinstantly. D.Raisingemergencyresponsefunds.10、Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Themovehasagoalofreducingtheuseofbuses.B.Agricultureplaysavitalpartinthenation'seconomy.C.Theannouncedprogramswillbeappliedinternationally.D.Achievingnet-zeroemissionsmeanscreatingnocarbonatall.11、WhatisDavidSeymour’sattitudetowardstheprograms?A.Tolerant. B.Unclear. C.Favorable. D.Doubtful.Naturalsilence—thekindwhenyouhearnothingbutthesoundofnaturearoundyou—isbecomingincreasinglyscarce.Thenoiseofman-madecanbeheardevenintheremotecornersofnationalparksanddeepintheArcticOcean.Thisishavingsometroublingeffects.Inhumans,noisepollutionhasbeenlinkedtophysical，mentalhealthproblemsandcognitiveimpairment（認知功能障礙）inchildren.Inwildlife,it'sdisturbingnavigation,pairing,communicationandcancausehearingloss."We'relosingtheabilitytolistentonaturewithoutnoisepollution,"sayssoundrecordistMattMikkelsen.He'spartofthenon-profitorganizationQuietParksInternational,whichaimstoidentifyandpreservetheplanet'slastquietplaces.Recently,thistookhimtoBoundaryWatersCanoeAreaWildernessinnortheasternMinnesota.Nocars,motorboats,electricityortelephonelinesareallowedintheone-million-acrearea,makingitastrongcandidateforQuietParkstatus.Butlisteningbacktotherecording，Mikkelsencanhearthelowhum（嗡鳴聲）ofacommercialplaneflyingfaraway.QuietParkshasn'tyetdecidedifBoundaryWatersmeetsitscriteria—it'soneof260potentialsitesaroundtheworldthattheorganizationiscurrentlyexploring.Theteamwillanalyzethesoundrecordingsfromeachlocationandconsiderthemalongsideotherdata.Inrecentyears,theworldhasbeengettinglouder,withcitiesandtownsexpandingandanincreasingnumberofnoisesfromcars,airplanesorships.ButduringtheCOVID-19pandemic（流行?。瑃herehasbeenmomentarydelay.In2020，globalairtravelwasdownby60%androadtransportdecreasedbyalmosthalf.ScientistsinEuropefoundthatnoisecausedbyhumansfellbyupto50%afterlockdownswerecarriedout."Peopleenjoyedthesilence,"saysMikkelsen.“Therewerenoairplanesintheskyandcarsweren'tonthestreet.Itwasanincrediblethingtobeabletoheartheworld,allofasudden,freefromnoisepollution,"hesays.Sincethestartofthepandemic,QuietParkssaysithasexperiencedahugeincreaseininterestforquietplaces."Ihopethatwecantakethatdesireforaworldwithlessnoiseforward,”saysMikkelsen,"andappreciatethespotswehave,wherewecangoandnotexperiencenoisepollution."12、Whatdoestheunderlinedword"scarce"probablymeaninparagraph1?A.Special. B.Rare. C.Common. D.Typical.13、Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A.Causesofhearingloss.B.Tipsonprotectingthenature.C.Harmfuleffectsofnoisepollution.D.Unidentifiedproblemsfromhumanbeings.14、WhatwillMattMikkelsen'steamanalyseaccordingtothetext?A.Thesoundrecordings. B.Globalairtravels.C.QuietParks'criteria. D.Dataofthepandemic.15、Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Atravelguide.C.Abusinessplan. D.Asciencereport.二、七選五16、I'mahiker—"borntohike".Itdoesmyheartandsoulgoodtotakeapackandheadoutonatrail（小路），especiallywhenI'maloneandcanletmymindwanderwhereitwill.①________.Hikingkeepsyourbrainsharperthanmanyotherformsofexercise.Asaprofessionalwriter,althoughIambusywithmywork,Ioftensparesometimetohike.②________.③________.Exerciseingeneralcanbeagoodwaytodecreasestress.Butwhatsetshikingapartfromotherformsofexerciseisthathikingcanhappenalmostanywhereandgiveyouthehappinessthatyoucantakefromnature.Hikingcanincreaseourcreativity.I'msureI'mnotaloneinfindingthatwalksinnatureletmymindwanderfreelyincreativedirections.④________Sometimes,ideasrelevanttomusiccomeupfromunconsciousplaceswhenI'mnotdeliberatelythinking.Hikinghelpsstrengthenapositiverelationshipwiththenaturalworld.Besidesbeinggoodforus,hikingmayalsohelptheworldaroundus.Afterall,ifwesticktowalkingandcoveringlongerdistances,wecouldusecarslessandreduceourcarbonfootprint.⑤________.Forexample,itincreasesourconnectiontonature.Asonestudysuggests,whenwehaveapersonalconnectiontonature,wearemorelikelytowanttoprotectit.Thatmeansexperiencesinnature—likehiking—canbemutually（相互地）beneficial，helpingpeopleandtheearth.So,grabawaterbottle,abackpack...andheadoutonthetrail.Youwon'tbesorryyoudid.A.HikinghelpstokeepyoucalmandhappyB.Beyondthat,hikingbenefitsourplanetindirectlyC.FollowingarethebenefitsyoucangetfromhikingD.Infact,I'vewrittenmanyofmysongswhilehikingonatrailE.It'seasyformetocomeupwithcreativeideaswhilesittingaloneF.Itnotjustmakesmefeelgood,butalsohelpsmekeepthebrainintopshapeG.Thisallgoestoshowthathikingmaybeoneofthebestwaystomoveyourbody三、完形填空（15空）OnedayChristopherColumbuswasatapartythataSpanishgentlemangaveinhishonor.Peopleweresaying,"Whatagreat1youhavemade!"However,severalpeoplepresentwereenviousofhim.TheybegantotrytomakeColumbus2."Youhavediscoverednew3beyondtheseas,"theysaid,"butwhatofthat?Anybodycan4acrosstheoceanandanybodycancoastalongtheislandsontheotherside.Itisthe5thingintheworld.Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That'snota(n)6feat（功績）.”Columbusmadeno7,butafterawhilehetookaneggfromadishandsaidtothecompany,"Whoamongyou,gentlemen,canmakethisegg8onend?"“That’simpossible,”thehostreplied.“Youwouldneedtobea9todothat.”O(jiān)nebyone,thoseatthetable10theexperiment.11,noneofthemsucceeded.Afterashortsilence,Columbustooktheeggandstruckitssmallend12uponthetablesoasto13theshell（殼）alittle.Afterthat,therewasno14inmakingitstandupright."Gentlemen,"saidhe,"whatiseasierthantodothiswhichyousaidwasimpossible?Itisthesimplestthingintheworld.Anybodycandoit—AFTERHEHASBEEN15HOW!" uncomfortable unafraid reasures n hike orst useless y r r ed Atlast Inaddition lplessly cally break ction point C.EXPLODED 四、語法填空32、Giftgivinghasbeenalongtraditionthatdatesbackthousandsofyearsasfarbackasmancanremember.Ashumanbeings,wearesocialcreatureswhoenjoyeachother'scompanyandexpressing①_______(we)feelingsthroughthegivingofgifts.Thegivingofgiftsmaybeoneoftheoldestofhuman②_______(activity)thatpredatescivilizationandmaydateback③_______theoriginofourspecies.Eveninprimitivecavemenculture,thegivingofgiftswas④_______(fair)commonasitwasusedtoshowloveandaffectiontowardsoneanother.Thepresentingofgiftswasalsoinferredasastatussymbolwhenleadersoftribes（部落）wouldshowtheir⑤_______（appreciate）forthecontributionsofthosewhowerepartofanimportantachievement.Whetheritwasanunusuallyshapedrock,atoothfromananimal,thebarkfromatree⑥_______someotheritemthatwasnaturalinorigin,thegivingofgiftshadbeencertainlycommonbehaviorlongbeforeanadvancedcivilizationcameintobeing.Today,giftgivingisspreadacrossallculturesaroundtheworld.Gifts⑦_______(give)tofamilymembers,friends,thoseweworkwithandevenneighborswhoreceivegiftsofalldifferenttypes.Thepsychologyof⑧_______giftgivingissorewardingissimple:Itallowspeople⑨_______(connect).Makingconnectionswithpeoplearoundusgivesusasenseofpurposeandfeelingofsatisfaction.Thisfeelingisonethatenlightensthesoulandbringsoutthe⑩_______(good)inus.五、書面表達33、假定你是李華，正負責(zé)籌備學(xué)校年度英語詩歌創(chuàng)作大賽。你想去找外教Mariam咨詢關(guān)于詩歌主題等相關(guān)的事情，但是發(fā)現(xiàn)Mariam不在辦公室，請你給她寫一封郵件。內(nèi)容包括：1.找她的原因；2.約定見面的時間、地點。注意：1.詞數(shù)80左右；2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearMariam,I'mLiHuafromyourEnglishpoetryclass.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua六、讀后續(xù)寫34、閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。IwasbackpackingandplannedtoclimbavolcanocalledVolcanBaru.At3,474m,itisthehighestpeakinthecountryandoneoftheonlyplacesonEarthfromwhereyoucanseetheAtlanticandthePacificOceansatthesametime.Itisanactivevolcano,butlasteruptedaround1550.Isetoffbeforesunrise.Itwasalittlecold,soIhadpulledontightsundermytrousers.Iintendedtoreachthetopbymidday,andthenreturnbeforedarktogetalifttomyhotel.I'vealwaysfeltsafetravellingasawomanonmyown,whichI'vedonesincemy20s.Ilovethefreedom.WhenIgottothebaseofthevolcanoat7inthemorning，theranger（護林員）disagreedtoletmegoalone,butsaidOKbecauseanAmericancouplewerebehindme.Thefirstpartoftheclimbwasbeautiful.Itwasnotdryasyoumightimagineavolcanomightbe—thereweretreesandflowersallaround,andadirtroadforthefarmerswhoworkedaroundthere.Iwalkedforanhourandreachedafairheight.Theviewswereimpressive,soIstoppedtotakeaphotographSuddenlyIheardviolentbarkingbehindme.Iturnedandsawtwodogsrunningaggressively（挑釁）towardsme.Iexpectedthemtostop，buttheydidn't.Astheygotcloser，Icouldseetheirteethlookedsharp,andthattheylookedangry.Therewasnowhereformetorun.Itriedtokeepcalm,butmyheartwasracing.I'dneverbeenbittenbyadog,andIcouldn'thelpbutfearwhatwouldhappen.TheystoppedadozenfeetfromwhereIstoodandkeptbarking.Iknewtheycouldmovefast,soIdidn'twanttotrytooutrunthem.注意：1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。Terrified,Islowlykeptwalking,saying,"Comeon,gooddogs!"____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Justatthiscriticalmoment,apickupappeared,drivenbytheranger.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案1、答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day1OverviewEdinburgh部分下的ItwasinScotland'scapitalcitythatJ.K.RowlingstartedtoplottheadventuresofHarryandhisfellows.(正是在蘇格蘭的首都，J.K.羅琳開始策劃哈里和他的伙伴們的冒險。)可知,J.K羅琳在愛丁堡開始創(chuàng)作《哈利波特》的，故選B。2、答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day3OverviewallaboardtheHogwartsexpress部分中的Pleasebesuretobookthesteamtraininadvance,asitisaverypopularexperience.(請務(wù)必提前預(yù)訂蒸汽火車，因為這是一種非常受歡迎的體驗。)可知，如果你想乘坐蒸汽火車,你需要提前預(yù)定，故選C。3、答案：D解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Day4Overviewlakesandvalleys部分中的Inthefilms,mysterious,mistylandscapesframe(襯托)thebackgroundofHarry'stale,soit'snosurprisethattheproducerschosetheHighlandsformanyscenes.(在電影中，神秘、朦朧的風(fēng)景構(gòu)成了哈利故事的背景，所以制片人選擇在高地拍攝許多場景也就不足為奇了。)可知，在第四天你可以體驗到制片人最喜歡拍攝的場景，故選D。4、答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“SylvesterJamesGatesisthecurrentpresidentoftheAmericanPhysicalSociety.Heappearsinanumberofdocumentaries,andisthereceiverofcountlessawards.(西爾維斯特·詹姆斯·蓋茨是美國物理學(xué)會現(xiàn)任主席。他出演了許多紀錄片，并獲得了無數(shù)獎項)”可知，蓋茨獲得了很多榮譽。故選B。5、答案：A解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““Buthehadanironfaiththateducationwasthewaytomakeprogressforourfamily,”Gatessaid.(“但他有一個堅定的信念，那就是教育是我們家庭進步的途徑，”蓋茨說)”可推知，作者的父親很有見地。故選A。6、答案：B解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ItleftsuchanimpressionthatGatesdeclaredtohisfatherthatMITwasthecollegehewantedtoattend.Butasherecalled,“Thatdreamalmostneverhappened.”(這所學(xué)校給蓋茨留下了深刻的印象，以至于蓋茨向父親宣布，他想上麻省理工學(xué)院。但據(jù)他回憶，“那個夢幾乎從未實現(xiàn)過。”)”以及最后一段中“ThisexperiencemadehimhesitateinapplyingtoMIT.Buthisfather,rememberingGates’earlydeclaration,insisted.(這段經(jīng)歷讓他對申請麻省理工學(xué)院猶豫不決。但他的父親想起了蓋茨早期的宣言，堅持要這樣做)”可知，蓋茨申請麻省理工學(xué)院是因為父親對他早年夢想的堅持。故選B。7、答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章主要說明了SylvesterJamesGates是美國物理學(xué)會現(xiàn)任主席。他出演了許多紀錄片，并獲得了無數(shù)獎項。文章講述了他的出身家庭以及父親對他上大學(xué)的影響。由此推知，我們能從這篇文章中學(xué)到：出身很重要，但教育更重要。故選D。8、答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“NewZealandplanstoprovideaidforbusinessestoreduceemissionsandhavebusesthatrunonenvironmentallysafefuelby2035.(新西蘭計劃向企業(yè)提供援助，以減少排放，并在2035年前讓公共汽車使用對環(huán)境無害的燃料。)”可知，新西蘭政府計劃為企業(yè)減排提供幫助。故選C。9、答案：C解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“PrimeMinisterJacindaArdemsaidinastatement,“We’veallseentherecentreportsonsealevelriseanditsinfluencerighthereinNewZealand.Wecannotleavetheissueofclimatechangeuntilit’stoolatetofix.”(新西蘭總理杰辛達·阿登在一份聲明中說：“我們都看到了最近關(guān)于海平面上升及其對新西蘭的影響的報道。我們不能放棄氣候變化問題，否則為時已晚?！?”可知，JacindaArdem建議要立即解決環(huán)境變化問題，故選C。10、答案：B解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Agriculturecreatesmorethanhalfofthenation’stotalgreenhousegasemissions.Butitisalsoimportanttotheeconomyasthenation’sbiggestexportearner.(農(nóng)業(yè)排放的溫室氣體占全國總排放量的一半以上。但它作為美國最大的出口收入來源，對經(jīng)濟也很重要。)”可推知，農(nóng)業(yè)在國民經(jīng)濟中起著至關(guān)重要的作用。故選B。11、答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“DavidSeymouristheleaderofNewZealand’sACTpoliticalparty.Hesaidthatsomeoftheannouncedprogramswereproventobeineffectiveandhadbeentriedandfailedoverseas.(DavidSeymour是新西蘭ACT政黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。他說，已經(jīng)宣布的一些項目被證明是無效的，在海外已經(jīng)嘗試過，但失敗了。)”可推知，DavidSeymour對這些項目持懷疑的態(tài)度，故選D。12、答案：B解析：詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Naturalsilence—thekindwhenyouhearnothingbutthesoundofnaturearoundyou—isbecomingincreasinglyscarce.Thenoiseofman-madecanbeheardevenintheremotecornersofnationalparksanddeepintheArcticOcean.(自然的寂靜——你只能聽到周圍大自然的聲音——正變得越來越scarce。即使在國家公園的偏遠角落和北冰洋深處，也能聽到人造的噪音)”可知，人造的噪音越來越多，而自然的寂靜變得越來越少了。由此可知，劃線詞scarce與rare“少見的，不常發(fā)生的”意思接近。故選B。13、答案：C解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Thisishavingsometroublingeffects.Inhumans,noisepollutionhasbeenlinkedtophysical,mentalhealthproblemsandcognitiveimpairment(認知功能障礙)inchildren.Inwildlife,it’sdisturbingnavigation,pairing,communicationandcancausehearingloss.“We’relosingtheabilitytolistentonaturewithoutnoisepollution,”sayssoundrecordistMattMikkelsen.He’spartofthenon-profitorganizationQuietParksInternational,whichaimstoidentifyandpreservetheplanet’slastquietplaces.(這產(chǎn)生了一些令人不安的影響。對人類而言，噪音污染與兒童的身心健康問題和認知障礙有關(guān)。在野生動物中，它會干擾導(dǎo)航、配對、交流，并可能導(dǎo)致聽力損失。“我們正在失去在沒有噪音污染的情況下聆聽大自然的能力，”錄音師馬特·米克爾森說。他是非營利組織“國際安靜公園”的一員，該組織旨在識別和保護地球上最后的安靜之地)”可知，第二段主要講述了噪音污染的有害影響。故選C。14、答案：A解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theteamwillanalyzethesoundrecordingsfromeachlocationandconsiderthemalongsideotherdata.(研究小組將分析每個地點的錄音，并將其與其他數(shù)據(jù)一起考慮)”可知，馬特團隊將分析錄音。故選A。15、答案：D解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Naturalsilence—thekindwhenyouhearnothingbutthesoundofnaturearoundyou—isbecomingincreasinglyscarce.Thenoiseofman-madecanbeheardevenintheremotecornersofnationalparksanddeepintheArcticOcean.(自然的寂靜——你只能聽到周圍大自然的聲音——正變得越來越稀少。即使在國家公園的偏遠角落和北冰洋深處，也能聽到人造的噪音)”及下文介紹可知，文章主要講述了自然寂靜越來越稀少，世界變得越來越吵這一現(xiàn)象。由此推知，這篇文章可能摘自一篇科學(xué)報告。故選D。16、答案：①-⑤CFADB解析：這是一篇說明文。文章主要論述了一些徒步旅行的好處。①根據(jù)上文“I’mahiker—“borntohike”.Itdoesmyheartandsoulgoodtotakeapackandheadoutonatrail(小路),especiallywhenI’maloneandcanletmymindwanderwhereitwill.(我是一名徒步旅行者——“生來就是為徒步而生的”。帶著背包去遠足對我的身心都有好處，尤其是當我一個人的時候，我可以讓我的思想在任何地方漫游)”以及后文“Hikingkeepsyourbrainsharperthanmanyotherformsofexercise.(徒步旅行比許多其他形式的運動都能讓你的大腦更敏銳)”可知，本句總起下文，指出徒步旅行具有好處。故C選項“以下是徒步旅行的好處”符合語境，故選C。②根據(jù)上文“Hikingkeepsyourbrainsharperthanmanyotherformsofexercise.Asaprofessionalwriter,althoughIambusywithmywork,Ioftensparesometimetohike.(徒步旅行比許多其他形式的運動都能讓你的大腦更敏銳。作為一名職業(yè)作家，雖然我工作很忙，但我經(jīng)常抽出時間去遠足)”可知，本句為本段最后一句，承接上文說明徒步旅行帶給作者的好處。故F選項“它不僅讓我感覺很好，而且還幫助我保持大腦處于最佳狀態(tài)”符合語境，故選F。③根據(jù)后文“Exerciseingeneralcanbeagoodwaytodecreasestress.Butwhatsetshikingapartfromotherformsofexerciseisthathikingcanhappenalmostanywhereandgiveyouthehappinessthatyoucantakefromnature.(總的來說，鍛煉是減輕壓力的好方法。但徒步旅行與其他形式的運動不同之處在于，徒步旅行幾乎可以在任何地方進行，并能給你從大自然中獲得的快樂)”可知，本段的主旨是徒步可以帶來快樂。故A選項“徒步旅行能讓你保持冷靜和快樂”符合語境，故選A。④根據(jù)上文“Hikingcanincreaseourcreativity.I’msureI’mnotaloneinfindingthatwalksinnatureletmymindwanderfreelyincreativedirections.(徒步旅行可以增加我們的創(chuàng)造力。我相信我不是唯一一個發(fā)現(xiàn)在大自然中散步可以讓我的思想自由地朝著創(chuàng)造性的方向漫游的人)”以及后文“Sometimes,ideasrelevanttomusiccomeupfromunconsciousplaceswhenI’mnotdeliberatelythinking.(有時，與音樂相關(guān)的想法會在我沒有刻意思考的時候從無意識的地方冒出來)”可知，本句具體舉例說明徒步旅行讓作者有了音樂方面的啟發(fā)。故D選項“事實上，我的很多歌都是在徒步旅行時寫的”符合語境，故選D。⑤根據(jù)后文“Forexample,itincreasesourconnectiontonature.Asonestudysuggests,whenwehaveapersonalconnectiontonature,wearemorelikelytowanttoprotectit.(例如，它增加了我們與自然的聯(lián)系。正如一項研究表明的那樣，當我們與自然有個人聯(lián)系時，我們更有可能想要保護它)”可知，本句是在說明徒步讓我們與自然有了關(guān)聯(lián)，從而想要保護它，對地球有益。故B選項“除此之外，徒步旅行間接地有益于我們的星球”符合語境，故選B。17、答案：C解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：人們說:“你的發(fā)現(xiàn)多么偉大啊！”A.decision決定；B.schedule計劃、進度表；C.discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)；D.statement聲明、報告。根據(jù)下文的“Youhavediscoverednew____3____beyondtheseas”可知，此處指哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸，所以是指“你的發(fā)現(xiàn)多么偉大”，discovery符合語境。故選C項。18、答案：B解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，在場的幾個人都很羨慕他。他們開始試圖讓哥倫布感到不舒服。A.unhurt沒有受傷的；B.uncomfortable感到不舒服的、身體不適的；C.unfortunate不幸的；D.unafraid不怕的、無畏的。根據(jù)后面“butwhatofthat?Anybodycan

____4____acrosstheoceanandanybodycancoastalongtheislandsontheotherside.”可知，這些人是在說一些哥倫布的酸話，這些話會令人不舒服，uncomfortable符合語境。故選B項。19、答案：C解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“你在海洋之外發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸，”他們說。A.substances物質(zhì)；B.oceans海洋；C.lands陸地；D.treasures珍寶。根據(jù)常識可知，哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了新大陸，lands符合語境。故選C項。20、答案：A解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：任何人都可以橫渡大洋，任何人都可以沿著大洋另一邊的島嶼航行。A.sail航行；B.run跑步、經(jīng)營；C.walk行走；D.hike徒步旅行、遠足。根據(jù)后面的“acrosstheocean”可知，此處指橫渡大洋，sail符合語境。故選A項。21、答案：D解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這是世界上最簡單的事情。你要做的就是向西航行。A.greatest最好的；B.worst最糟的；C.hardest最難的；D.simplest最簡單的。根據(jù)后面的“Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That’snota(n)____6____feat(功績).”可知，他們覺得只需要向西航行就行，所以是最簡單的事，simplest符合語境。故選D項。22、答案：C解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：這并不是什么了不起的成就。A.small小的；B.useless無用的；C.remarkable引人注目的、非凡的；D.ordinary普通的、平常的。根據(jù)“Allyouneedtodoissailwest.That’snota(n)____6____

feat(功績).”可知這些人覺得只需要向西航行就可以發(fā)現(xiàn)新大陸，所以并不是什么“了不起”的成就，remarkable符合語境。故選C項。23、答案：B解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：哥倫布沒有回答，但過了一會兒，他從盤子里拿了一個雞蛋，對大家說:“先生們，你們中間誰能把這個雞蛋立起來?”A.apology道歉；B.answer回答、答復(fù)；C.mistake錯誤；D.secret秘密。根據(jù)上文別人說的話可知，此處指哥倫布沒有作出回答，answer符合語境。故選B項。24、答案：D解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：哥倫布沒有回答，但過了一會兒，他從盤子里拿了一個雞蛋，對大家說:“先生們，你們中間誰能把這個雞蛋立起來?”A.roll翻滾、滾動；B.sit坐下、就坐；C.fall跌倒、降落；D.stand站立、直立。根據(jù)下文“Afterthat,therewasno____14____inmakingitstandupright.”可知，此處是在問誰能把雞蛋立起來，stand符合語境。故選D項。25、答案：A解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：只有魔法師才能做到這一點。A.magician魔術(shù)師、魔法師；B.sailor水手、船員；C.planner計劃者、規(guī)劃者；D.doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)前面的“That’simpossible”可知，大家都覺得不可能做到，所以此處指只有魔法師才可以做到，magician符合語境。故選A項。26、答案：C解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：坐在桌子旁的人一個接一個地嘗試這個實驗。A.evaluated評估；B.finished結(jié)束；C.tried嘗試；D.designed設(shè)計。根據(jù)“Onebyone,thoseatthetable____10____theexperiment.”可知，此處指一個又一個人嘗試了這個實驗，tried符合語境。故選C項。27、答案：B解析：考查短語辨析。句意：最后，他們誰也沒有成功。A.Aboveall首先、最重要的的；B.Atlast最后；C.Forinstance例如；D.Inaddition另外、此外。根據(jù)后面的“noneofthemsucceeded.”可知，試到最后，一個也沒成功，atlast符合語境。故選B項。28、答案：A解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：短暫的沉默之后，哥倫布拿起雞蛋，把它的小端輕輕地敲在桌子上，以便把蛋殼打碎一點。A.gently文靜地、溫柔地、輕輕地；B.helplessly無助地；C.heavily在很大程度上、大量地；D.critically嚴重地、很大程度上。根據(jù)后面的“soasto____13____theshell(殼)alittle”可知，哥倫布要把雞蛋小的那一端打碎一點點，所以是輕輕地敲在桌子上，gently符合語境。故選A項。29、答案：D解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：短暫的沉默之后，哥倫布拿起雞蛋，把它的小端輕輕地敲在桌子上，以便把蛋殼打碎一點。A.find找到、找回；B.change改變、變化；C.hide隱藏；D.break打破、打碎。根據(jù)“Columbustooktheeggandstruckitssmallend____12____uponthetable”可知，哥倫布把雞蛋小的一端輕輕在桌子上敲一下，是為了把蛋殼打碎一點點，break符合語境。故選D項。30、答案：A解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那樣后，把它立起來就不費事了。A.trouble困難、麻煩；B.instruction指示、指導(dǎo)；C.reaction反應(yīng)；D.point觀點、見解。根據(jù)“therewasno____14____inmakingitstandupright.”可知，把雞蛋小的一端的蛋殼敲碎一點點，立起來就不費勁了，此處trouble符合語境。故選A項。31、答案：B解析：考查動詞詞義辨