新牛津7A-語法講解及練習

7A知識點歸納一般現(xiàn)在時一、定義與講解一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)?；蛄晳T性的動作或一般性事實。，也可表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)或主語具備的性格和能力。通常與副詞everyday〔每天〕，always〔總是〕,usually〔通?！?often〔經(jīng)?！硈ometimes〔有時〕,等時間狀語連用。例：〔1〕表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。Theskyisblue.天空是藍色的。Mary’sfatherisanEnglishteacher.瑪麗的爸爸是一名英語老師。

〔2〕表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。Igetupatsixeveryday.我每天六點起床。Sheplayssportseveryday.她每天都做運動。

〔3〕表示客觀現(xiàn)實。Thetablehasfourlegs.桌子有四條腿。Thereare50studentsinmyclass.我們班有50個學生?！?〕表示客觀真理，科學原理，自然現(xiàn)象，等客觀事實或格言諺語等。Thesunrisesintheeasteveryday.太陽每天從東方升起。Theearthgoesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉?！?〕表示平日的喜好。Ilikebananas.Wedon’tlikevegetables.Helikesicecream.Shedoesn’tlikestrawberries.二、只有主語在第三人稱單數(shù)時用動詞的“三單形式”，其他人稱用動詞原形。動詞三單形式的變化規(guī)那么：1.〔1〕多數(shù)直接在動詞詞尾加-s.play—playslike—likesask—askswork—worksget—getscall—calls〔2〕以字母s,x,ch,sh或o結尾的動詞，在詞尾直接加-es.Watch—watcheswish—wishesdo—doesgo—goes〔3〕以“輔音字母加-y”結尾的動詞，要先變y為i再加-es.try—triesstudy—studiescry—criesfly—flies2.不規(guī)那么變化：be—ishave—has三、一般現(xiàn)在時的句子轉換：〔1〕變一般疑問句：當句子中有be動詞或情態(tài)動詞時，那么把be動詞或情態(tài)動詞(can,could等)提到主語的前面，〔口訣：一調(diào)二變?nèi)龁柼枴?〔2〕變否認句：在be動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面直接加not變成否認句.(be后not莫忘記)例：①陳述句：Sheismysister..疑問句→Issheyoursister?Yes,Iam./No,I’mnot.否認句→Sheisnotmysister.②陳述句：Icanplaysoccer.疑問句→Canyouplaysoccer?Yes,Ican./No,Ican’t.否認句→Icannot/can’tplaysoccer.注意：對一般疑問句的答復：一般用什么問就用什么來答復。但以下例外：Isthisapencil?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.Isthatyourbackpack?Yes,itis./No,itisn’t.Aretheseyourparents?Yes,they’re./No,theyaren’t.ArethoseJim’sbrothers?Yes,they’re./No,theyaren’t.〔3〕當句子中沒有be動詞，也沒有情態(tài)動詞時，變一般疑問句時，在主語前加助動詞do(I,we,you,以及復數(shù)),does〔第三人稱單數(shù)she,he,it等〕變成問句；〔4〕變否認句時，在主語后謂語動詞前加助動詞don’t,doesn’t變成否認句，切記：助動詞后的動詞那么復原成動詞原形。例：①陳述句：Wegetup〔起床〕at7:00everymorning.疑問句→Doyougetupat7:00everymorning?否認句→Wedon’tgetupat7:00everymorning.②陳述句：Shehasabrother.疑問句→Doesshehaveabrother?否認句→Shedoesn’thaveabrother.※在一般現(xiàn)在時中，當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式，即常在動詞原形后加-s或-es。但有些同學們對于哪些主語是第三人稱單數(shù)還不十分清楚，現(xiàn)歸納總結如下：

1.人稱代詞he,she,it是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：

①HelikeswatchingTV.他喜歡看電視。②Shehaslunchattwelve.她十二點吃午餐。

2.單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語；是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：

①HanMeilikesmilk.韓梅喜歡牛奶。

②BeijingisinChina.北京在中國。

③UncleWangoftenplaysvolleyball.王叔叔經(jīng)常打排球。

3.單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或"this/that/the+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞"作主語時，是第三人稱單數(shù)。如：

①Thisbookisyours.這本書是你的。

②Thatcarisred.這輛車是紅色的。③ThecatisLucy's.這只貓是露茜的。

4.不定代詞someone,somebody,nobody,everything,something等及指示代詞this,that作主語時，是第三人稱單數(shù)。①Everyoneishere.大家都到齊了。

②Thereisawatchonthetable.桌上有塊手表。

③Thisisapen.這是一支鋼筆。④Thatisaneraser.這是一塊橡皮。5.不可數(shù)名詞作主語時為第三人稱單數(shù)。如：①Themilkisintheglass.牛奶在玻璃杯里。

②Thebreadisverysmall.那面包很小。

6.當數(shù)字或字母作主語時，看作第三人稱單數(shù)。如：

①"6"isaluckynumber."6"是個吉利數(shù)字。②"I"isaletter."I"是個字母。穩(wěn)固練習題：一、寫出以下動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式Havelikedrink_____go_____stay____make______look______have____come_____watch______fly_____do_____study____teach_____

二、用be動詞填空1.I______aChineseboy.Myname_______LiLei.2.Ann_________anEnglishgirl.SheandI__________goodfriends.3.––_______thatbikeyours?––No,it___________.4.––What________theboy’sname?––Hisname__________David.5.––Howold_________you?––I_____________thirteen.6.LucyandLily___________sisters.They___________fromAmerica.7.Daniel_________elevenyearsold.They_______fromChina.8.Myteacher___________young.She___________helpful.9.––________yougoodatfootball?––Yes,I_____________.10.Thetwins____________inthesameclass.

三、用所給動詞的適當形式填空

1.Hisclassmates_______(notknow)whathereallylikes.2.He________(like)watchingTV.3.She________(have)lunchattwelve.4.MrandMrsWhite_______(notmake)pizzaathome.5.Sheoften_______(say)badwordsaboutothers.6.He_________(play)computergameseveryday.7.Mygrandfather_________(notlisten)totheradioaftersupper.8.Millie_________(notdraw)picturesattheweekend.9.Lindaoften________(go)shoppingattheweekend.10.She________(notdo)herhomeworkonFridayevening.11.MrGreen________(notlive)inShanghaiwithhisparents.12.Thelittlebabyalways________(cry)ifheishungry.13.She_________________(notcome)fromAmerica.14.Thegirl_________(look)outofthewindowandseesmanybirdsinthesky.15.Jennyrunshomeand___________(sit)onthechair.16.PeterandMary___________(notdrink)milkeveryday.17.He_________(brush)teetheverymorning.18.Thelady________(watch)TVeveryevening.19.Theoldman________(fix)alotofradioseveryyear.20.Thewoman_______(stay)withhersonintheUSAfortwomonthseveryyear.四、按照要求改寫句子1.DanielwatchesTVeveryevening.(改為否認句)___________________________________________________2.Idomyhomeworkeveryday.(改為一般疑問句，作否認答復)___________________________________________________3.Shelikesmilk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定答復)___________________________4.Amylikesplayingcomputergames.(改為一般疑問句，作否認答復)___________________________________________________5.Wegotoschooleverymorning.(改為否認句)__________________________________________________6.JohncomesfromCanada.(對劃線局部提問)___________________________________________________7.Sheisagoodstudent.(改為一般疑問句，作否認答復)___________________________________________________8.SimonandDaniellikeplaysports.(改為否認句)___________________________________________________9.Thisismypencil?(變一般疑問句)yourpencil?

10.TheseredsocksareKate’s.(變一般疑問句)socksKate’s?

11.Marydoesnothaveanybooks.(變肯定句)Marybooks.

12.Shelikestheblackbagverymuch.(變?yōu)榉裾J句)

13.Ilikeapples.(用she改寫句子)

14.It’sanEnglishdictionary.(對畫線局部提問).

15.Hehashamburgerandapplesfordinner.(變一般疑問句)五、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1.IsyourbrotherspeakEnglish?_____2.Doeshelikesgoingfishing?_____________3.Helikesplaygamesafterclass.___________4.Mr.WuteachsusEnglish._____________5.Shedon’tdoherhomeworkonSundays._____________人稱代詞人稱代詞人稱代詞人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)主格賓格主格賓格第一人稱Imeweus第二人稱youyouyouyou第三人稱hehimtheythemsheheritit例句：1、主格=主語：表示誰怎么樣了、干什么了。Iamateacher.Youarestudent.Heisastudent.Theyarestudents.2、賓格=賓語：表示動作行為的對象。Giveittome.Let'sgo(=Letusgo).物主代詞人稱形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)：我的mymine復數(shù)：我們的ourours第二人稱單數(shù)：你的youryours復數(shù)：你們的第三人稱單數(shù)他的his她的herhers它的its復數(shù)：他們的theirtheirs物主代詞是表示“～的”和“～的東西”的意思。比方你說“這是我的書包”：Thisismyschoolbag.這里的my是一個形容詞性物主代詞，它只是作一個形容詞用，后面必須再跟一個具體表示某個東西的名詞，這里就是這個schoolbag〔書包〕。而如果你說“那個書包是我的”：Thatschoolbagismine.這里的mine就是一個名詞性物主代詞，它的后面不能再有其它的名詞。人稱代詞和物主代詞人稱代詞及物主代詞用法Iyouhesheitwetheymeyouhimheritusthemmyyourhisheritsourtheirmineyourshishersitsourstheirs課堂實例講解：一、①第一行都是人稱代詞主格，放在動詞〔行為動詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞等〕前面。如：I〔我〕amateacher。We〔我們〕canplayfootball。②如果是問句，那么放在助動詞、be動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。如：Areyou〔你〕apupil？Dothey〔他們〕playfootball？Canhe〔他〕walk？二、第二行都是人稱代詞賓格，放在動詞或介詞后。如：Letmegiveher〔她〕somesweets。Wouldyouliketogowithme〔我〕？三、第三行是形容詞性物主代詞。形容詞性物主代詞后面必須是名詞。如：Thisismy〔我的〕potato.Thatisyour〔你的〕tomato。四、第四行是名詞性物主代詞。名詞性物主代詞后面不用帶名詞，可以單獨使用。如：Thispotatoismine〔我的〕。Thattomatoisyours〔你的〕?！窘?jīng)典范例引路】例1Themanoverthereismybrother.isadoctor.A.She B.He C.Hers D.His(2001年北京市海淀區(qū)中考題)簡析：此題是考查人稱代詞主格的用法，根據(jù)題意指代的是人，且在句中作主語，應用人稱代詞主格，前面說theman。故答案為B。例2—doesyourfatherdo?—Heisaworker.A.Which B.Who C.What D.How(2001年北京市海淀區(qū)中考題)簡析：此題是考查如何選擇疑問代詞，根據(jù)答語Heisaworker.說明是問某人的職業(yè)，問職業(yè)常用疑問代詞what。故答案為C。例3Ihavetwocats.Oneisblack,andiswhite.A.another B.some C.other D.theother(2001年北京市海淀區(qū)中考題)簡析：此題是考查不定代詞another,some,other,theother在用法上的區(qū)別，根據(jù)題意“(兩者中)一個……另一個……”為固定結構：one...theother...。故答案為D。例4Thetwinscorrectedthemistakesonthetestpapers.A.them B.themselves C.him D.himself(2001年上海市中考題)簡析：此題是考查反身代詞的用法。反身代詞除了在句中作賓語和表語外，它還可作同位語，用來加強語氣。根據(jù)題意，此處填反身代詞作主語thetwins的同位語，用來加強語氣，說明是他們自己更正錯誤，而不是別人，且主語是復數(shù)。故答案為B。例5Shealwaysthinksofmorethanherself.A.other B.others C.theother D.theothers(2001年天津市中考題)簡析：此題是考查不定代詞other,others,theother,theothers的區(qū)別；other指單獨的一個，others泛指其他的人(物)；theother指兩者中的另一個人(物)，theothers指某一范圍內(nèi)“其余的幾個”。根據(jù)題意是指其他的人。故答案為B。例6Youmaygoandaskhim.HeknowsaboutJapanese.A.afew B.few C.alittle D.little(2001年天津市中考題)簡析：此題是考查不定代詞afew,few,alittle,little的區(qū)別：afew和few指代或修飾可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)，alittle和little是指代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞，afew和alittle表示肯定，few和little表示否認。根據(jù)題意Japanese在此處指“日語”，語言是不可數(shù)的，且該句是肯定的語氣。故答案為C。例7LilyorLucyhasbeentotheGreatWall.A.Either B.Neither C.Both D.Nor(2001年陜西省中考題)簡析：此題是考查不定代詞either,neither,both,nor的區(qū)別：either指兩個人(物)中的任何一個，表示肯定意義，neither是either的否認形式，both指兩個人(物)，而nor表示“也不”。它們?？蓸嫵桑篹ither...or,neither...nor,both...and。故答案為A。例8—Iwanttobuyadiary.Couldyoushowme?—Yes.Thisisthemostpopularkind.A.other B.anything C.it D.one(2001年武漢市中考題)簡析：此題是考查不定代詞one的用法，one常用來代替前面所提到的同類人或物的單數(shù)。以防止與前面提到的名詞重復。此題是用來代替前面的adiary。故答案為D。穩(wěn)固練習題：一、用適當?shù)拇~填空1.Theseare_________(他們的)flowers.2.Thosebooksare_________〔他們的〕。3.Isthisphoto_________〔你的〕？4.Isthis_________〔你的〕photo？5._________〔它的〕eyesareblue。6._________〔她〕ismymother。7.Theeraserisfor_________〔她〕。8.Isthis_________〔她的〕bag？9.Isthisbag_________〔她的〕？10.Idon’tlike_________〔他們〕。11._________〔他們〕arelazypupils。12._________〔他們的〕shoesareold。13.Theoldshoesare_________〔他們的〕。14.Thispotatois_________〔我的〕。15.Thattomatois_________〔你的〕。16.Thisis_________〔我的〕potato。17.Thatis_________〔你的〕tomato。18._________〔我們的〕Classroomisbigandbright。19.Thebigandbrightclassroomis_________〔我們的〕20.Hewillcatchupwith_________〔我們〕。21._________(他的)bikeisred。22.Theredbikeis_________〔他的〕。23.Iamworriedabout_________〔他〕。二、用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.Thatisnot_________kite.Thatkiteisverysmall,but_________isverybig.(I)2.Thedressis_________.Giveitto_________.(she)3.Isthis_________watch?(you)No,it’snot_________.(I)4._________ismybrother.________nameisJack.Look!Thosestampsare_________.(he)5._________dressesarered.(we)Whatcolourare_________?(you)6.Herearemanydolls,whichoneis_________?(she)7.Icanfindmytoy,butwhere’s_________?(you)8.Show_________yourkite,OK?(they)9.Ihaveabeautifulcat._________nameisMimi.Thesecakesare_________.(it)10.Arethese________tickets?No,________arenot_________.________aren’there.(they)11.Shall_________havealookatthatclassroom?Thatis_________classroom.(we)12._________ismyaunt.Doyouknow_________job?_________isanurse.(she)13.Thatisnot_________camera._________isathome.(he)14.Whereare_________?Ican’tfind_________.Let’scall_________parents.(they)15.Don’ttouch_________._________notacat,_________atiger!16._________sisterisill.Pleasegoandget_________.(she)17._________don’tknowhername.Wouldyoupleasetell_________.(we)18.Somanydogs.Let’scount_________.(they)19.Ihavealovelybrother._________isonly3.Ilike_________verymuch.(he)20.MayIsitbeside_________?(you)21.Lookatthatdesk.Thosebookareon_________.(it〕22.Thegirlbehind_________isourfriend.(she)三、單項選擇(選自各地中考題)()1.Katehaslostkey.asksforhelp.(山西)A.her,He,I B.his,He,me C.his,She,I D.her,She,me()2.UncleTomaskedDavid,brothersandtohelphimwritesomecards.(廣州)A.my;I B.my;me C.myself;I D.myself;me()3.bookisnewandisnew,too.(吉林)A.Our,he B.Ours,his C.My,his D.My,her()4.Thisisn’tpen,Ithinkit’s.(湖南)A.my;hers B.his;her C.my;your D.mine;his()5.Thisisclassroom.isoverthere.(廣州)A.ours;Their B.our;Theirs C.our;Their D.ours;Theirs()6.—Isthenewwatch?—Yes,it’s.(昆明)A.you;me B.yours,mine C.you;my D.your;mine()7.officeismuchsmallerthan.(天津)A.Ours;yours B.Our;yours C.Theirs;our D.Your;their()8.schoolismuchlargerthan.(河南)A.Theirs;our B.Their;ours C.Theres;ours D.Their;our()9.“Excuseme!Isthiswatch?”“No,it’snot.It’sJim’s.”(安徽)A.your;myself B.your;my C.yours;mine D.your;mine()10.Tomishereandafriendofisheretoo.(安徽)A.him B.he C.his D.hers()11.—houseisthis?—It’smine.(天津)A.What B.Who C.Who’s D.Whose()12.What’soverthere?(吉林)A.these B.those C.that D.this()13.booksaremysister’s.(西藏)A.This B.That C.It D.These()14.“Helptosomemeat,Mary.”myauntsaidtome.(北京)A.themselves B.ourselves C.yourself D.himself()15.“Helptosomemooncakes”.HanMeimeisaidtothetwins.(安徽)A.you B.oneself C.yourself D.yourselves()16.Thankyouforhavingus.Weenjoyedverymuch.(濟南)A.ourselves B.us C.our D.ours()17.thetwinsenjoyedatthepartyyesterday.(安徽)A.Both;them B.Both;themselvesC.All;them D.All;themselves()18.Nobodytaught,shelearntitby.(海南)A.she,her B.her,herself C.her,her D.herself,herself()19.—Didshegotoschoolwhenshewasyoung?—No.Shetaughtathome.(天津)A.her B.herself C.hers D.she()20.Mybrotheristooyoung.Hecan’tlookafter.(浙江)A.himself B.herself C.his D.myself表示時間的介詞〔in，on，at〕介詞in,

on,

at在表示時間時的用法區(qū)別①in時間范圍大〔一天以上〕如：inTanuary,inwinter,in1999;泛指在上午，下午，晚上，如：inthemorning(afternoon,evening).

習慣用法：inthedaytime在白天。

②on指在某一天或某一天的上午，下午，晚上，如：onMonday,onSundayafternoon,onJuly1,1999

③at時間最短，一般表示點時間，如atsixo’clock,atthreethirty.習慣用法：atnight,atnoon,atthistimeofyear.

in,on，at在表達時間方面的區(qū)別

in表示在某年、某季節(jié)、某月、某周、某天和某段時間

inayear在一年中

inspring在春季

inSeptember在九月

inaweek在一周中

inthemorning/afternoon/evening在上午/下午/黃昏

但在中午，在夜晚那么用atnoon/night

on表示某一天或某一天的某段時間

onMonday在周一

onMondayafternoon在周一下午

onMarch7th在3月7日

onMarch7th,1998.在1998年3月7日

onthemorningofMarch7th,1998.在1998年3月7日上午

at表示某個具體時刻ateighto’clock在8點鐘

atthistimeoftheyear在一年中的這個時候

atthemoment在那一時刻

atthattime在那時

注意：在英語中，如果時間名詞前用this,last,next等修飾時，像這樣的表示，“在某時”的時間短語前，并不需要任何介詞。例如：lastmonth,lastweek,thisyear,thisweek,nextyear,thenextday,thenextyear等。

穩(wěn)固練習題：一、單項選擇()1.Childrengetgifts____Christmasand____theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on()2.----Thereisnothing____tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-----No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up()3.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn____March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since()4.Hesuddenlyreturned____arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during()5.Mygrandfatherwasborn____Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of()6.Thetrainisstarting___fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still()7.Mikedoeshisexercises____seven_____theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on()8.Childrenwakeupveryearly____themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at()9____acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestfeet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For()10Ithappenedtobeverycold____themorningofoursportsmeeting.A.atB.onC.withD.of()11.Whydidyougetupsoearly___thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in()12.HewenttoShanghai___September3,1991andcameback___acoldmorninglastyear.A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;ia()13.Lucywasborn____thenightofMay12,1984.....A.onB.inC.atD.to()14.MrsBrowncametoChina____1996.A.onB.ofC.to,D.in()15___themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowtheirmourningofJoeHill.A.OnB.InC.OnD.At()16.Annmoved___Hangzhou___September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in()17.Theystartedoff___anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on()18.Heoftengoes____school____sixthirty____themorning.A.for;to;inB.to;at;inC.to;for;atD,for;at;to()19.Hearrived___Shanghai___9:30___March5.A.at;in;atB.to;on;atC.in;on;atD.in;at;on()20.TheEnglishteachertoldmetogetthere____halfpastten.A:inB.atC.onD.of二、填入適當?shù)慕樵~1.Wehavelunchatschool____12o’clock.2.Jackeatssomebreadandbeef_______breakfast.3.Myfriendsgivemesomepresents____Christmaseveryyear.4.[Kitty’sbirthdayis___15thJune.5.Hewillhavehisbirthdayparty________theafternoonofMay12th.6.Birdsflytothesouth____autumn.7.InHainanIsland,itisverywarm____theevening.8.Hewasborn_______1995.9.Therearetwowindows________thewall.10.Thebroomis________thedoor.Ican’tseeit.11.Thereisadog______thetree.Itcan’tgetdown.12.Whereisthephoto________yourfamily?13.Therearesomebigapples_______thetree.14.Birdsflytothesouth_____autumn.15.Hegothome_____themorningofthe4thlastmonth.16.Myfatherusuallygoesfishing____theweekend.17.Itisagoodideatogoforawalk____asunnymorning.18.Idon’thaveaparty____thisweek.19.HeoftentakesEddieforawalk_____theevening.20.We’llhaveaparty____nextweek.21.Thestoryhappened_____acoldwintermorning.22.Myfriendsgivemesomepresents_____Christmaseveryyear.23.Helikesreadingnewspapers_______breakfast.特殊疑問句特殊疑問句中的疑問詞：特殊疑問詞的用法意思用法例句who誰問人的身份，姓名等HeisLiLie.Whoishe?Heismybrother.Whoishe?whom誰問人的身份，姓名等(問賓語〕Icanaskhimthequestion.Whomcanyouaskthequestion?what什么問人的職業(yè)或事物是什么Heisaworker.Whatishe?Hehasabook.Whatdoeshehave?which哪一個問一定范圍內(nèi)特指的人或物Thebigboxismine.Whichboxisyours?ThegirlatthedoorisAnn.WhichgirlisAnn?whose誰的問所屬關系Thisisherbook.Whosebookisthis?Thisbookishers.Whoseisthisbook?whatcolor什么顏色問顏色〔表語〕Myskirtisred.Whatcolorisyourskirt?Whattime幾點問點時間Weplaygamesatfiveintheafternoon?Whattimedoyouplaygames?when什么時候問時間Weplaygamesintheafternoon?Whendoyouplaygames?where什么地方問地點〔狀語〕WeplaygamesathomeonSunday?WheredoyouplaygamesonSunday?why為什么問原因Heisn'tatschooltodaybecauseheisill.Whyisn'theatschooltoday?how怎樣問健康狀況、做事的方式等Heisfine/strong.Howishe?Igohomebybike.Howdoyougohome?howold多大幾歲問年齡Heisten.Howoldishe?howmany多少跟復數(shù)名詞，問數(shù)量Therearethirtyboysinmyclass.Howmanyboysarethereinyourclass?howmuch多少跟不可數(shù)名詞問數(shù)量或價錢Thereissomemilkinthebottle.Howmuchmilkisthereinthebottle?howfar多遠問路程It'sfivekilometersawayfromhere?Howfarisitfromhere?howsoon多久問in+一段時間Hecanfinishitinhalfanhour.Howsooncanhefinishit?howlong多久問一段時間，問物體的長短Hehaslivedhereforayear.Howlonghashelivedhere?Thedeskisonemeterslong.Howlongisthedesk?howoften多久〔一次〕問頻率Igotoseemyparentsonceamonth.Howoftendoyougotoseeyourparents?(一)疑問句的根本結構特殊疑問句的根本結構是：特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句結構，其答語要根據(jù)特殊疑問詞來答復，讀的時候用降調(diào)?！捕骋蓡栐~的用法：英語中的疑問詞可分為疑問代詞和疑問副詞兩類：疑問代詞有：what,which,who,whose疑問副詞有：where,when,why,how疑問詞還可以與某些單詞搭配，構成疑問詞短語，如：whattime,whatcolor,howmany,howmuchhowlong,howoften,howsoon,howold,howtall,howhigh,howwide1.Whatisyourfavouritesport?你最喜歡的運動時什么？What可以用來詢問物體“things”根據(jù)本句提問可以答復football,basketball等運動方面的詞。What可以組成疑問詞短語whattime,whatcolor,whatgrade/class/school等運動方面的詞。(1)Whattimeisit?幾點了Itissixo’clock.6點了Whattime用來詢問時間，其答語通常為具體時間。(2)Whatcolorisyourcar?你的車是什么顏色的？It’sred.紅色的Whatcolor詢問顏色，其答語應為表示顏色的詞。(3)whatgrade詢問年級，whatclass詢問班級，其答語通常為Class+數(shù)詞，Grade+數(shù)詞，班級在前，年級在后，而且首字母要大寫，其中數(shù)字也可以用阿拉伯數(shù)字來表示。2.Which表示詢問哪一個。Whichdoyoulikebetter,theredoneortheyellowone?你更細化哪一個，紅的還是黃的？3.Whoisthemanoverthere?Who用來詢問人物，其答語應為Heis……4.Whosewatchisit?這是誰的手表？Whose用來詢問某物是誰的。其答語應為物主代詞+名詞、名詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格。Whosebikeisthis?這是誰的自行車？It’smine./mybike/Lily’s.是我的/我的車/莉莉的車。5.Wheredoyoulive?IliveinShenzhen.Where詢問地點，其答語應為表示地點的詞或短語。6.Whenisyourbirthday?你的生日是什么時候？OnAugust24th.When詢問時間，其答語應為表時間的詞或短語，時間范圍較大。whattime也是用來詢問時間whattime和when的區(qū)別：whattime意為“幾點”，其答語多為具體時刻。when意為“什么時候”，其答語可以是具體時刻，也可以是一段時間。7.Howmanypeoplearethereinyourfamily?Howmany用來詢問數(shù)量，其答語為數(shù)詞。Howmany后面接可數(shù)名詞的復數(shù)。8.Howmuchwaterdoyouhave?你有多少水？Howmuch用來詢問數(shù)量，其后接不可數(shù)名詞另外howmuch還可以用來詢問價錢？Howmuchisyourpen?Itistenyuan.9.Whyareyoulate?你為什么遲到？BecauseIgetuplatethismorning.因為我早上起來遲了。Why用來詢問原因，答語要用because(因為)10.howoften用來問頻率〔多久一次〕Howoftendoyouplayfootball?11.Howsoonwillyoucomeback?你再過多久回來？inaweek.再過一個星期howsoon詢問未來的時間，常用于一般將來時。其答語通常為“in+一段時間”12.howtall問身高howhigh問建筑物的高howlong問物體長度howwide問多寬howold問年齡穩(wěn)固練習題：用上面的疑問詞填空：1.________________isit?Itiseighto’clock.2.________________willyoucomeback?Intwoweeks.3.________isthemaninred?Heismybrother.4.________penisit?Itismine.5.________didn’tyoucometoschoolyesterday?BecauseIhadacold.6.________________doyouplaychess?Threetimesaweek.7.________________isyourcoat?Itisgreen.8.________________isthetree?It’sabout3.1meterstall.9.________________areyou?I’mtwentyyearsold.10.________________isyourdress?Itis90Yuan.11.________________isthatriver?Itis6metreslong.12.________________areyouin?I’minClass6.13.________isthedatetoday?ItisMay6th.14.________doyoulive?IliveinAmerica.15.________areyou?I’mfine,thankyou.16.________gradeareyouin?I’minGrade7.17.________isyourbirthday?It’sonSeptember26th.18.________doyoucomefrom?IcomefromEngland.19.________istheweathertoday?It’sfine.20.________________areyou?I’m164cmtall.21.________________willyoustayhere?Iwillstayhereforanotherthreedays.22.________________istheMountQomolangma?23.________bookisthis?Thisismybook.24.________________doyouplaythepiano?Twiceaweek.25.________________isyournewpen?Itis30Yuan.26.________________doyougetupeveryday?Igetupat7.27.________isyourmother?SheisOK,thankyou.28.________________isthiscat?Itisblackandwhite.29.________doyoulikebest,thered,yelloworthegreenone?Ilikeyellowbest.30.________________isyourgrandpa?Heisalmost100yearsold.可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞英語中的名詞按其表示的事物性質(zhì)的不同可分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。這兩種名詞在用法上是有區(qū)別的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：一、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、復數(shù)之分如：map→maps；onion→onions；baker→bakers不可數(shù)名詞沒有復數(shù)形式，只有單數(shù)形式如：somewater；alotofbread單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時，前面要用不定冠詞a(an)；而不可數(shù)名詞不能用a(an)。如：LiHongisadriver.Iamateacher.李紅是一名司機，我是一名教師。Wecan’tseemilkonthetable.我們看不見桌上有牛奶。在表示特指時，不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞前都要用定冠詞the，如：Passmetheball，please.請把球傳給我。Thechickenontheplateisyours.盤子里的雞肉是你的。三、可數(shù)名詞表示復數(shù)意義時可用many等詞修飾。如：manyapples；alotoftomatoes；afewpens不可數(shù)名詞那么要用much、alittle等詞修飾。如：muchmeat；alittlebread；littlewater這兩類名詞都可以被some、any、alotof(lostof)等修飾。如：someeggs/paper(紙)，alotof(lotsof)knives/orangejuice四、可數(shù)名詞前通?？捎镁唧w的數(shù)詞來修飾。如：threewomen，tenbabies不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時，必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用，即“數(shù)詞+表示數(shù)量的名詞(可數(shù)名詞)+of+不可數(shù)名詞”。如：twoglassesofmilk兩杯牛奶fivepiecesofbread五片面包五、可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞的單、復數(shù)與主語的單、復數(shù)須保持一致。不可數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞只能用單數(shù)形式。如：Thereissomericeinthebowl.碗里有些米飯。Allthestudentsareintheclassroom.所有的學生都在教室里。如果不可數(shù)名詞前有復數(shù)名詞短語修飾時，謂語動詞須用復數(shù)形式。如：Therearetwobagsofriceintheroom.房間里有兩袋大米。六、對可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問用howmany；對不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問要用howmuch，但對不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語提問時要用howmany。如：Icanseetwopicturesonthewall.→Howmanypicturescanyouseeonthewall？Thereisalotofporkinthebasket.→Howmuchporkisthereinthebasket？Iwantthreeglassesofwater.→Howmanyglassesofwaterdoyouwant？另外，有些集合名詞也是可數(shù)名詞，但不同的是，它們以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，表示復數(shù)概念，如people，police，family等；而有些可數(shù)名詞本身就以復數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，如clothes，glasses(眼鏡)等；有的可數(shù)名詞單、復數(shù)形式相同，如Japanese，sheep，Chinese等。如：TheChinesepeoplearehardworkingandbrave.中國人民勤勞勇敢。Thesportsclothesarenew.這些運動服是新的。Ihaveonesheep.Hehastwosheep.我有一只羊，他有三只羊?？蓴?shù)名詞單數(shù)變復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞由單數(shù)變復數(shù)：①一般情況下，在詞尾加s。如：map→maps,boy→boys,horse→horses,table→tables.②s,o,x,sh,ch結尾的詞加es.如：class→classes,box→boxes,hero→heroes,dish→dishes碟子【巧計】：以o結尾的，又有生命的名詞，加es，如：potato→potatoes;tomato→tomatoes;hero→heroes；negro→negroes【黑人和英語喜歡吃土豆和西紅柿】沒有生命的，加s：photo→photos,piano→pianos.③以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。如：family→families,city→cities,party→parties.但其他以y結尾的其他名詞，變復數(shù)時，直接加s變復數(shù)：如：monkey---monkeysholiday---holidays④以f或fe結尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如：shelf→shelves書架,leaf→leaves樹葉,knife→knives小刀不規(guī)那么名詞變化法那么單復數(shù)同形Chinese–Chinese中國人；sheep–sheep綿羊；fish–fish〔魚的條數(shù)〕deer—deer鹿集體名詞：family,class,police變內(nèi)部原音man–men男人；woman–women女人變oo為eetooth–teeth牙齒；foot–feet腳其他mouse–mice老鼠；child–children兒童穩(wěn)固練習題：一、單項選擇1．Thedeerhasfour______.A.footB.feetC.feetsD.foots2．Hertwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemenD.Policemens3．Therearefour_____andtwo______inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,Germans4．Two______wouldcometothevillage.A.woman-doctorsB.womendoctorC.womendoctorsD.womandoctors5．Canyouseenine_____inthepicture?A.sheepB.dogC.pigD.horseThe_____hastwo______.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watch7．Theboyoftenbrusheshis_____beforehegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teethD.teeths8．TheJapanese____willnotleav