高考英語二輪語法精講精練-形容詞和副詞

高考英語二輪語法詞匯復習系列第四章形容詞和副詞形容詞用來修飾、說明名詞或不定代詞，表示人或物的性質(zhì)、特征和狀態(tài)。而副詞是用來修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或整個句子，有時也能修飾名詞，表示時間、地點、方式、程度等。高考重點要求：1、形容詞、副詞比較級，最高級常用句型2、形容詞的倍數(shù)表達法和副詞的位置3、多個形容詞修飾同一名詞的前后順序4、分清常用同義、近義形容詞、副詞在表達中的語義差別第一節(jié)知識點概述一、形容詞形容詞在句子中的作用1．大部分形容詞能作定語、表語或賓語補足語,如：abeautifulpark一座美麗的公園TheplayTea-house（茶館）isbothmovingandinteresting.Wholeftthewindowopen?2．“定冠詞the+形容詞”表示一類人或物，作“主語或賓語”，意思為“……的一種人”，“……的一類東西或事情”。如：Thenewwilltaketheplaceoftheold.（新事物將代替舊事物。）Theyoungarefondofsports.(年輕人喜歡體育運動。)3．有些形容詞只能作表語如：ill,glad,asleep,afraid,alive(活著的)，alone(單獨的)４．某些動詞加-ed和–ing都可構(gòu)成形容詞，加-ed的形容詞表示“人感到如何”，加-ing的形容詞則用來描寫事物，如：Wewereexcitedwhenweheardtheexcitingnews.５．有些名詞加后綴可變成形容詞，如：lovely,friendly,windy,careful,careless,wooden等形容詞在句子中的位置1．形容詞一般放在被修飾的名詞之前。兩個或兩個以上形容詞修飾一個名詞時，形容詞排列的次序一般應考慮下面二種情況。（1）與被修飾名詞關系比較密切的形容詞位置靠近名詞，如：anexcitingAmericanfilm（2）音節(jié)少的形容詞位置在前，音節(jié)多的形容位置在后。2．在下列情況下，形容詞應后置：（1）修飾復合不定代詞something,anything,nothing等，如：anythingimportant,nothingeasy（2）同表示數(shù)量的詞組連用，如：twentyfeetlong,fiveyearsold3．幾個形容詞修飾一名詞時，一般順序為大?。╨ittle除外）、形狀、色彩、由來、用途。如：afineroundmaple（楓木）writingtable,afamousoldEnglishcountryhouse二、副詞副詞在句子中的作用副詞在句子中主要用作狀語，許多副詞皆由形容詞加-ly構(gòu)成，如：careful-carefully.副詞主要被分為以下幾種：1．時間副詞，如：often，early，usually，now2．地點副詞，如：here，above，outside，below，there3．方式副詞，如：hard，fast，badly，well4．程度副詞，如：very，quite，much，still，even，almost5．疑問副詞，如：how，when，why副詞在句子中的位置時間副詞和地點副詞的位置表示確定時間的副詞和地點的副詞，一般放在句尾，如句中同時有地點副詞和時間副詞，地點副詞通常在前，時間副詞在后。修飾形容詞和副詞的程度副詞，除enough后置外，一般放在被修飾詞的前面。副詞在此作狀語。如：bewellenough,gofastenough修飾動詞的方式副詞有以下幾種修飾不及物動詞時，該副詞要后置，如：singwell修飾及物動詞時，可放在被修飾詞之前或賓語之后；如賓語較長也可放在動詞和賓語之間。如：studyEnglishhard，seeclearlythewordsontheblackboard及物動詞和副詞（如：down，on，off，in，out，up等）組成的動詞詞組，其賓語是名詞，該名詞可放在副詞之前或之后：如是代詞，該代詞一定要放在副詞前。Hecutdownthetree./Hecutthetreedown./Hecutitdown.４.形容詞原級、比較級和最高級的用法：兩者比較情況一樣，常用“as+形容詞原級+as”句型。Heisastallashismonitor.兩者比較，表示一方在某方面不如另一方，常用“notso/as+形容詞原級+as”句型。Atraindoesn’ttravelsofastasaplane.三者或三者以上比較，表示某人某物“最……”時，用“the+形容詞最高級+比較范圍”句型。Asiaisbyfarthelargestofthesevencontinents.Shewrites(the)mostcarefullyofthethree.比較級+and+比較級“越來越……”Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.Sheisbecomingmoreandmoreactiveintakingpartinsocialactivities.the+比較級，the+比較級“越……越……”Theharderhestudies,thegreaterprogresshewillmake.第二節(jié)實戰(zhàn)演練一、復習時需注意的要點1.形容詞一般按限定詞，一般性描繪、大小、長短和高低、形狀、年齡和新舊、顏色、國籍、地區(qū)和出處、物質(zhì)和材料、用途和類別這一順序來修飾名詞的。2.在名詞前出現(xiàn)幾個形容詞作定語時，常常涉及詞的排列順序問題。例如：afatoldlady不能說成anoldfatlady，asmallblackleatherhandbag不能說成aleatherblacksmallhandbag等。3.形容詞的詞序問題比較復雜，前置形容詞的排列順序由它們和被修飾名詞之間的關系決定，關系密切的靠近被修飾詞，關系較遠的離之稍遠。4.在as+形容詞／副詞+as的結(jié)構(gòu)前可加上nearly,almost,just,quietly,half,exactly,及倍數(shù)表示比較的程度。例如：Myincomeishalfashighasmyfather.5.最高級前可用nearly,almost,about,next,byfar,bynomeans或序數(shù)詞進行修飾。例如：Ofthethreeboys,Mikeisbynomeansthemostdiligent.

6.比較級的其他用法

1）比較級+and+比較級“越來越……”。例如：

Itisgettingcoolerandcoolerinautumn.

2）themore…themore…“越……，越……”。例如：

Themorefruityoueat,thehealthieryouwillbe.

3）nomorethan“只不過，僅僅”，后面接名詞或數(shù)詞，起形容詞作用。例如：

Whatheissayingisnomorethanajoke.他所講的只不過是個玩笑而已。

4）nomore…than…“和……同樣不……”。例如：

HecannomoreplaythepianothanIcanplaybasketball.他不會彈鋼琴和我同樣不會打籃球一樣5）nolessthan“多達，竟有……之多，不下于”。例如：

Therewerenolessthantwothousandpeopleatthematch.這場比賽不下于兩千人到場觀看。

6）noless…than“和……一樣，不遜于”。例如：

Ourmonitorisnolessdiligentthanheusedtobe.我們的班長和以前一樣勤奮。二、歷屆高考試題分析例1、Ataroughestimate,Nigeriais____GreatBritain.A.threetimesthesizeas B.thesizethreetimesofC.threetimesasthesizeof D.threetimesthesizeof答案為D。【解析】檢查考生對反意疑問句（附加疑問句）的掌握和運用能力。A是B的三倍通?？墒褂靡韵聨追N形式：1)Aisthreetimesasadj.（原級）asB2)Aistwiceadj.（比較級）thanB3)Then.ofAisthreetimesthatofB4)Aisthreetimesthe+n.ofB。例2、Manystudentssignedupforthe_________raceinthesportsmeetingtobeheldnextweek.A.800metrelongB.800metreslongC.800metrelengthD.800metreslength答案為A。【解析】長、寬、高及年齡等作定語修飾名詞時位置可在前也可在后，在前邊時要注意加連字符“-”，其中單位名詞用單數(shù)，其形式為：數(shù)字—單位名稱單數(shù)—長、寬、高等。如放在后邊，不用連字符，數(shù)詞大于1要用復數(shù)。從題干看：800米遠的比賽應為800meterlong例3、Attimes,worryingisanormal____responsetoadifficulteventorsituation----alovedonebeinginjuredinanaccident,forexample.A.effective B.individual C.inevitableD.unfavorable答案：C【解析】effective有效的；individual個人的；inevitable不可避免的；unfavorable不利的。例4、You'restandingtoonearthecamera.Canyoumove________?A.abitfarB.alittlefartherC.abitoffartherD.alittlefar答案為B?！窘馕觥縯oonear的意思是“太近了”，說話人的意圖是讓對方站在比這遠一點，所以要用副詞的比較級。這句話的意思是：你站得太靠近鏡頭了。你能離遠一點嗎?abitof后接名詞。例5、Inrecentyearstravelcompanieshavesucceededinsellingustheideathatthefurtherwego,________.A.ourholidaywillbebetterB.ourholidaywillbethebetterC.thebetterourholidaywillbeD.thebetterwillourholidaybe答案為C?！窘馕觥俊皌hemore…themore…”的意思是“越……越……”。由于選項A、B和D的詞序都不對，所以不能作為答案。這句話的意思是：近年來，旅游公司成功地向我們推銷了這樣一個觀點：我們走得越遠，我們的假期過得越好。例6、Itisgenerallybelievedthatteachingis_________itisascience.A.anartmuchasB.muchanartasC.asanartmuchasD.asmuchanartas答案為D?！窘馕觥吭赼s/so…as…結(jié)構(gòu)中，第一個as/so是副詞，后接形容詞；第二個as是連接詞，后接句子。其正確語序為asmuchanartas.這句話的意思是：人們普遍相信，教學像科學一樣是一門藝術(shù)。例7、Americanseat_______vegetablesperpersontodayastheydidin1910.A.morethantwiceB.astwiceasmanyC.twiceasmanyasD.morethantwiceasmany答案為D。【解析】不論哪種形式的比較級其修飾詞均應放在前面。morethantwice表示數(shù)量，放在as…as結(jié)構(gòu)前的意思是“是……的兩倍多”。譯文：美國人現(xiàn)在每人所吃的蔬菜是1910年的兩倍多。例8、—Iwasridingalongthestreetandallofasudden,acarcutinandknockedmedown.—Youcanneverbe________carefulinthestreet.A.muchB.veryC.soD.too答案為D?！窘馕觥糠穸ㄔ~not/no/never+too/enough結(jié)構(gòu)表示“再怎么……也不過分”或“越……越好”。這句話的意思是：在街上(騎自行車)你越小心越好。例9、Broadlyspeaking,IwouldagreewithShirley,thoughnot________A.widelyB.thoroughlyC.entirelyD.extensively答案為C【解析】本題考察副詞辨義，widely:廣泛地，很大程度上；thoroughly徹底地，entirely完全地，extensively大量地、廣闊地、巨大地。根據(jù)句意，說話人并非完全同意她的意見，notentirely（不完全地）恰如其分地表達了這一意思。例10、—Youdon'tlookvery________.Areyouill?—No,I'mjustabittired.A.goodB.wellC.strongD.healthy答案為B?！窘馕觥繌念}意看，look在這里是系詞(看上去，看起來)后應加形容詞，四個選項的詞性均符合，但good是指人品好壞或東西好壞；strong則表示結(jié)實、強壯，與題意不符。healthy“健康的，健壯的”。well可作形容詞和副詞。作形容詞時表示“健康的；氣色好”，用于修飾人。第三節(jié)鞏固練習Ifwehadfollowedhisplan,wecouldhavedonethejobbetterwith_____moneyand______people.A.less…less B.fewer...fewer C.less...fewer D.fewer...less—CanIhelpyou?—Well,I’mafraidtheboxis______heavyforyou,butthankyouallthesame.A.soB.much C.very D.too—Excuseme,isthisMr.Brown’soffice?—I’msorry,butMr.Brown______workshere.Heleftaboutthreeweeksago.A.notnow B.nomoreC.notstillD.nolongerThepianointheothershopwillbe______,but______.A.cheaper...notasbetterB.morecheap...notasbetterC.cheaper...notasgoodD.morecheap...notasgood______Iwenttotherailwaystationtoseemyfriendoff.A.Aftereatingquicklymydinner B.AftermyquicklyeatingdinnerC.Aftereatingmydinnerquickly D.AftereatingmyquicklydinnerMrs.smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.A.nevertodrive B.toneverdrive C.neverdriving D.neverdrive—Howdidyouthinkofvisittothemuseum?—Ithoroughlyenjoyedit.Itwas_____thanIexpected.A.farmoreinteresting B.evenmuchinterestingC.somoreinteresting D.alotmuchinterestingThoseorangestaste_____.A.good B.wellC.tobegood D.tobewellCanadaislargerthan______countryinAsia.A.anyB.anyotherC.other D.anotherTheexperimentwas______easierthanwehadexpected.A.moreB.muchmore C.muchD.moremuchWhichis______country,CanadaorAustralia?A.alargeB.largerC.alarger D.thelarger—WillyougivethismessagetoMrWhite,please?—Sorry,Ican’t.He______.A.doesn’tanymoreworkhereB.doesn’tanylongerhereworkC.doesn’tworkanymorehere D.doesn’tworkhereanylongerJohnwassosleepythathecouldhardlykeephiseyes______.A.openB.tobeopened C.toopen D.openingMyelderbrotheris______asinger______Iam.A.noother…than B.nomore…than C.notother…than D.notmore…thanSunlightis______necessary______freshairtoahealthybody.A.notless…than B.noless…than C.nomore…than D.notmore…thanShedoesn’tspeak_____herfriend,butherwrittenworkisexcellent.A.aswellasB.sooftenasC.somuchasD.asgoodasIttakesalongtimetogotherebytrain,it’s_____byroad.A.quick B.thequickestC.muchquickD.quicker—Mum,IthinkI’m_____togetbacktoschool.—Notreally,Mydear.You’dbetterstayathomeforanotherdayortwo.A.sowell B.sogoodC.wellenough D.goodenough—Ifyoudon’tliketheredcoat,taketheblueone.—OK,butdoyouhave______sizeinblue?Thisone’sabittightforme.A.abigB.abiggerC.thebigD.thebiggerJohnplaysfootball______,ifnotbetterthanDavid.A.aswellB.aswellasC.sowell D.sowellasIftherewerenoexaminations,weshouldhave______atschool.A.thehappiesttime B.amorehappiertimeC.muchhappiesttime D.amuchhappiertimeWeallwrite______,evenwhenthere’snotmuchtosay.A.nowandthen B.byandbyC.stepbystep D.moreorless—Doyouremember_____hecame?—YesIdo,hecamebycar.A.how B.whenC.then D.if24.Canyoubelievethatin_____arichcountrythereshouldbe_____manypoorpeople?A.such...such B.such...soC.so...so D.so...such—HowwasyourrecentvisittoQingdao?—Itwasgreat.Wevisitedsomefriends,andspentthe______daysattheseaside.A.fewfastsunny B.lastfewsunny C.lastsunnyfew D.fewsunnylastIfweworkwithastrongwill,wecanovercomeanydifficulty,_____greatitis.A.whatB.howC.howeverD.whateverHowbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheard_____.Athebettervoice B.agoodvoice C.thebestvoice D.abettervoiceWedecidednottoclimbthemountainsbecauseitwasraining______.A.badlyB.hardlyC.stronglyD.heavilyWaittillyouaremore______.It’sbettertobesurethansorry.A.inspired B.satisfied C.clam D.certainIfIhad_____,I’dvisitEurope,stoppingatallthesmallinterestingstories.A.alongenoughholiday B.anenoughlongholidayC.aholidayenoughlong D.alongholidayenoughProfessorWhitehaswrittensomeshortstories,butheis_____knownforhisplays.A.thebest B.more C.better D.themost_____totakethisadventurecoursewillcertainlylearnalotofusefulskills.A.Braveenoughstudents B.EnoughbravestudentsC.Studentsbraveenough D.StudentsenoughbraveIt’salwaysdifficultbeinginaforeigncountry,_____ifyoudon’tspeakthelanguage.A.extremelyB.naturallyC.basically D.especiallyManypeoplehavehelpedwithcannedfood,however,thefoodbankneeds______forthepoor.A.more B.much C.many D.mostIamsurprisedthatyoushouldhavebeenfooledbysucha(an)______trick.A.ordinary B.easyC.smart D.simpleAswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot_____frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missedItwasn’t______hisappearanceIliked______hispersonality.A.somuch…as B.noless…than C.somuch…as D.nomore…thanIt’sbelievedthat______youwork,______resultyou’llget.A.theharder...thebetterB.themorehard...themorebetterC.theharder...abetterD.morehard...morebetterOfthetwoshirts,I’dliketochoose_______one.A.thelessexpensiveB.themostexpensiveC.lessexpensiveD.moreexpensiveWedon’tcareifahuntingd