全球經(jīng)濟指標分析報告（英文版）-2024年1月上傳培訓(xùn)課件

POLITICS

&

SOCIETYGlobaleconomicindicatorsCHAPTER

01IndicatorsofrealactivityGrowthoftheglobalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)from1980to2022,withforecastsuntil2028(comparedtothepreviousyear)Growthoftheglobalgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)20288.0%6.0%4.0%2.0%0.0%-2.0%-4.0%4Description:Inmostyearssince1980,globalGDPgrowthhasbeenrelativelyconsistent,generallyfluctuatingbetweentwoandfivepercentgrowthfromyeartoyear.ThemostnotableexceptionstothiswereduringtheGreatRecessionin2009,andagainin2020duringtheCovid-19pandemic,wheretheglobaleconomyactuallyshrankinbothoftheseyears.Astheworldeconomycontinuestodealwiththeeconomicimpactofthepandemic,aswellasthefalloutfromRussia'sinvasionofUkrainein2022,[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;October2023;*Forecast.ReadmoreSource(s):IMFGrowthoftherealgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)intheG20from1stquarter2021to1stquarter2023Grossdomesticproduct(GDP)growthintheG201stquarter2023Comparedtothepreviousquarter16%Comparedtothesamequarterofthepreviousyear13.4%14%12%10%8%6%5.2%5%4.6%3.7%4%3.3%3.3%2.7%2.3%1.71%1.5%1.4%2%1.16%0.86%0.9%0.5%0.46%Q220220.4%Q420220%Q12021Q22021Q32021Q42021Q12022QuartersQ32022Q120235Description:Thestatisticshowsthegrowthoftherealgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)intheG20fromthefirstquarterof2021tothefirstquarterof2023.TheG20arethegroupofthetwentymostsignificantindustrialandemergingeconomies.TheG20ismadeupof19statesandtheEuropeanUnion.GDPreferstothetotalmarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesthatareproducedwithinacountryperyear.Itisanimportantindicatoroftheeconomicstrengthofacountry.Inthefirstquarterof2023,the[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;SeasonallyadjustedSource(s):OECDGrowthoftherealgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)intheG20statesin2ndquarter2023Grossdomesticproduct(GDP)growthintheG20states2ndquarter2023GDPgrowthComparedtothesamequarterofthepreviousyearComparedtothepreviousquarter5%

6%0%1%2%3%4%7%8%5.1%TurkeyIndiaJapanBrazilMexico3.5%7.3%1.9%1.7%1.2%3.3%3.5%0.9%0.8%6.3%China0.8%0.8%4.9%IndonesiaSouthKoreaSouthAfricaUnitedStatesG200.9%0.6%0.6%0.5%1.7%2.5%1.6%0.5%0.5%1%France6Description:Thestatisticshowsthegrowthoftherealgrossdomesticproduct(GDP)intheG20statesinthesecondquarterof2023.TheG20areagroupoftwentymajorindustrialandemergingeconomies,consistingof19countriesandtheEuropeanUnion.Grossdomesticproductreferstothetotalvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedduringtheyearwithinacountryandenduseintended.Itisconsideredanimportantindicatoroftheeconomicstrengthofacountry.Realgrossdomesticproduct[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Seasonallyadjusted;*asoffirstquarter2023.ReadmoreSource(s):OECDGlobalindustrialproductiongrowthbetweenJanuary2019toAugust2023,byregionIndustrialproductiongrowthworldwide2019-2023,byregionWorld(ex.U.S.)Advanced(ex.U.S.)EmergingU.S.40%30%20%10%0%-10%-20%Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'23

'23

'23

'23

'237Description:InAugust2023,globalindustrialproduction,excludingtheUnitedStates,fellby0.16percentcomparedtothesametimeinthepreviousyear,basedonthreemonthmovingaverages.Thisiscomparedtoadecreaseof2.3percentinadvancedeconomies(excludingtheUnitedStates)forthesametimeperiod.TheglobalindustrialproductioncollapsedaftertheoutbreakofCOVID-19,butincreasedsteadilyinthemonthsafter,peakingat23percentinJune2021.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2019toAugust2023;aggregatedusingU.S.tradeweightsSource(s):DallasFed;HaverAnalyticsGlobalconsumerconfidenceindevelopedandemergingcountriesfromJanuary2020toSeptember2023Globalconsumerconfidenceindex2020-202350.049.148.34948.848.648.748.548.548.448.348.448.448.247.747.647.6

47.647.4

47.447.248.046.044.042.040.038.04746.846.245.646.2

46.245.945.945.545.844.844.443.74443.343.24342.642.141.641.641.740.639.539.48Description:InApril2020,theglobalconsumerconfidenceindexof23countries**worldwidedroppedto39.5followingtheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19pandemic.ItthenslowlyincreaseduntilJuly2021,whenitreachedanindexscoreof49.1.Globalconsumerconfidencedroppedinthelatterhalfof2022followingrisinginflationrates,buthasbeenincreasingsinceNovemberthatyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2020toSeptember2023;23,200respondents;18yearsandolder*;32countries,single-monthdata;*18+inIndia,18-74inCanada,Israel,Malaysia,SouthAfrica,Turkey,andtheUnitedStates,20-74inThailand,21-74[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IpsosConsumerconfidenceindevelopedandemergingcountriesinNovember2023Consumerconfidenceindevelopedandemergingcountries2023Indexscore300102040506070GlobalaverageIndonesiaIndia47.263.263.1Mexico60.8SingaporeBrazil58.657.156.3ThailandUnitedStatesNetherlandsAustraliaPoland52.251.550.249Sweden48Canada47.39Description:IndonesiaandIndiahadthehighestconsumerconfidenceofthe29countriesasofNovember2023.Ontheotherhand,consumerconfidencewaslowestinTurkeyandHungary.Onaverage,consumerconfidenceinthe29countriesincludedinthesurveyreachedanindexscoreof47.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;October20toNovember3,2023;21,200in29countries;16yearsandolder*;*18yearsandolderinIndia,18-74yearsinCanada,Israel,Malaysia,SouthAfrica,Turkey,andtheUnitedStates,20-74yearsinThailand,21-74years[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):IpsosGlobaleconomicpolicyuncertaintyindexfromJanuary2019toAugust2023Globalpolicyuncertaintyindexmonthly2019-2023450400428.18364.823553.5365.15326.49299.29349.4350300250200150329.45327.35299.29314.92312.98313.44314.73305.42293.56278.61298.56279.69288.8287.88272.26254.92271.83263.87256.44251.25263.71260.68248.65238.53260.54258.81249.27245.33233.53230.39226.172282.3718.58228.49227.84225.542142.2153.7214.06204.04203.95193.33213.06204.48190.01197.45188.97177.27190.57Jan

Mar

May

Jul19

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul20

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul19

19

19

19

19

20

20

20

20

20

21

21

21

'21

'21

'21

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'23

'23

'23

'2310Description:InAugust2023,theglobaleconomicpolicyuncertaintyindexamountedto213.Thisisadecreasefromthepreviousmonth.Throughmostof2022,theuncertaintyindexwasrelativelyhigh,influencedbytheRussianinvasionoftheUkraineandhighinflationrates.However,itwasstilllowerthaninthefirstmonthsaftertheoutbreakofCOVID-19in2020,andwaslowerthroughmostof2023thanthepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2019toAugust2023Source(s):EconomicPolicyUncertaintyRankingoftherealpercapitaconsumerspendingbycountry2020(inU.S.dollars)Realconsumerspendingpercapitaworldwide2020,bycountryPercapitaspendinginU.S.dollars15,000

20,000

25,00005,00010,00030,00035,00040,00045,000UnitedStatesSwitzerlandIceland39,645.8137,602.3136,231.59LuxembourgNorway33,588.4428,748.8228,641.46AustraliaDenmarkCanadaFinland24,878.6524,773.6823,200.81NewZealandSweden23,084.3222,913.8AustriaUnitedKingdom22,286.821,633.4211Description:Thisstatisticshowsarankingoftheestimatedworldwiderealpercapitaconsumerspendingin2020,differentiatedbycountry.Consumerspendingherereferstothedomesticdemandofprivatehouseholdsandnon-profitinstitutionsservinghouseholds(NPISHs)intheselectedregion.Spendingbycorporationsorthestateisnotincluded.Consumerspendingisthebiggestcomponentofthegrossdomesticproductascomputedonanexpenditurebasisinthecontextofnational[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Albania;2019;Allvaluesareestimates.Source(s):CHAPTER

02Employment&wagesGlobalunemploymentratefrom2003to2022(asashareofthetotallaborforce)Globalunemploymentrate2003-20227.0%6.9%6.54%6.46%6.42%6.5%6.0%5.5%5.0%6.34%6.35%6.19%6.2%6.14%6.12%6.06%6.01%6%5.98%5.87%5.87%5.85%5.77%5.7%5.54%2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

202213Description:TheunemploymentrateintheWorlddecreasedby0.4percentagepoints(-6.45percent)sincethepreviousyear.ReadmoreNote(s):2003to2022Source(s):WorldBankQuarterlyunemploymentratesindevelopedandemergingcountriesfromQ22017toQ22023Quarterlyunemploymentratesindevelopedandemergingcountries2017-2023UnitedStatesChinaJapanGermanyEuro-ZoneFranceUnitedKingdomBrazil16%14%12%10%8%6%4%2%0%Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q22017

2017

2017

2018

2018

2018

2018

2019

2019

2019

2019

2020

2020

2020

2020

2021

2021

2021

2021

2022

2022

2022

2022

2023

202314Description:Fromthesecondquarterof2017,Brazilwasthecountryofthoseincludedinthechartwiththehighestunemploymentrates.However,ithasbeendecreasingconstantlysincethesecondquarterof2021,reachingeightpercentinthesecondquarterof2023.Inthesamequarter,Japanhadthelowestunemploymentrateofthecountriesincluded.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Q22017toQ22023Source(s):BrazilianInstituteofGeographyandStatistics;MOHRSS;OECDEmploymentrateinmajordevelopedcountriesfrom2ndquarter2017to3rdquarter2023Quarterlyemploymentrateinmajordevelopedcountries2017-2023Euro-ZoneGermany*FranceJapanUnitedKingdomUnitedStates80%75%70%65%60%Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Q1

Q2

Q32016

2017

2017

2017

2017

2018

2018

2018

2018

2019

2019

2019

2019

2020

2020

2020

2020

2021

2021

2021

2021

2022

2022

2022

2022

2023

2023

202315Description:Ofthemajordevelopedeconomies,Japanhadthehighestemploymentrateinthesecondquarterof2023,with79percentoftheworkingagepopulationengagedinpaidemployment.Thisisperhapsnotsurprising,giventhecountry'sfamouslylowfertilityrate.Inthesamequarter,Francereportedthelowestemploymentrateat68.5.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Q12017toQ32023;15-64yearsSource(s):OECDAverageannualwagesinmajordevelopedcountriesfrom2008to2022(inU.S.dollars)Averageannualwagesinmajordevelopedcountries2008-2022GermanyFranceJapanUnitedKingdomUnitedStatesCanadaItaly80,00075,00070,00065,00060,00055,00050,00045,00040,00035,00030,00020082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202216Description:Ofthesevenlargestdevelopedeconomies,in2022,theUnitedStateshadthehighestaveragewagebyasignificantmarginatslightlyover77,000U.S.dollarsperyear.Canadahadthesecondhighestannualaveragewagesataround59,050U.S.dollarsperyear,andGermanyfollowedbehindwitharound58,940U.S.dollarsperyear.Meanwhile,Japanhadthelowestaveragewagesoutofthesevenlargestdevelopedeconomiesataround41,509U.S.dollarsperyear.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2008to2022Source(s):OECDWagegrowthinmajordevelopedcountriesfromJanuary2020toSeptember2023Wagegrowthindevelopedcountries2019-2023JapanUnitedKingdomUnitedStates20%15%10%5%0%-5%-10%17Description:Japanrecordedthelowestgrowthrateinaveragewagesofthethreeadvancedmajoreconomiesincludedhereoverrecentyears,withayear-on-yearincreaseofonly1.2percentinSeptember2023.ThiscomparestoagrowthrateofeightpercentintheUnitedKingdom,and5.3percentintheUnitedStatesinthismonth.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2020

toSeptember2023Source(s):BEA;MHLW(Japan);OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK);TradingEconomicsNominalwageandsalarygrowthintheEuropeanUnionandEurocurrencyareafromQ22009toQ22023NominalwageandsalarygrowthintheEuropeanUnionandEuroarea2009-2023EuropeanUnionEuroarea6.0%5.0%4.0%3.0%2.0%1.0%0.0%-1.0%Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q1

Q3

Q12010

2010

2011

2011

2012

2012

2013

2013

2014

2014

2015

2015

2016

2016

2017

2017

2018

2018

2019

2019

2020

2020

2021

2021

2022

2022

202318Description:NominalwagegrowthinboththeEuropeanUnionandtheEurocurrencyarea(comprising20ofthe27EUmembers)reachedarecordhighinthefourthquarterof22,whenwagesincreasedby5.6and5.4percentrespectively.Nominalwagegrowthistheincreaseinwagescomparedtothesameperiodthepreviousyearinnominalvalues-i.e.inmonetaryvaluesunadjustedforinflation.AsinflationinEuropeincreasefasterthannominalwagesduringthisperiod,thisinfactmeantthatreal[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;Q22009toQ22023Source(s):EurostatCHAPTER

03PriceindicatorsHeadlineconsumerpriceindexworldwidefromJanuary2020toAugust2023,byregionMonthlyheadlineconsumerpriceindex2019-2023,byregionWorld(ex.U.S.)Advanced(ex.U.S.)EmergingU.S.28026024022020018016014012010020Description:InAugust2023,theglobalconsumerpriceindex,excludingtheUnitedStates,stoodat190.9,comparedto156.9fortheU.S.ThedatafortheworldandemergingeconomiesaredistortedbyhyperinflationinVenezuelaandmaynotaccuratelyreflecttheinflationrateofothercountries.However,Russia'swarinUkrainecausedasurgeinpricesgloballythrough2022and2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;Janurary2020toAugust2023Source(s):DallasFed;HaverAnalyticsAnnualchangeinConsumerPriceIndex(CPI)inselectedcountriesworldwidefrom2015to2022AnnualchangeinCPI2015-2022,bycountryArgentinaIndiaSouthAfricaAustraliaIrelandSpainBrazilItalyChinaJapanUnitedKingdomFranceRussiaUnitedStatesGermanySaudiArabiaTürkiye80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%-10%2015201620172018201920202021202221Description:TheConsumerPriceIndexmeasuresthechangeinpriceofgoodsandservicesinacountry.In2022,theworldsawinflationratesincreaseamid,amongother,post-COVID-19effectsandtheRussia-Ukrainewar.ArgentinaandTürkiyewerebothplaguedbyhyperinflationatover70percent.Exceptforthese,Brazilhadthehighestinflationrateat9.3percent.Ontheotherhand,SaudiArabiaandJapanhadthelowestrateofthecountriesincludedhereat2.5percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2015to2022Source(s):OECDMonthlyinflationratesindevelopedandemergingcountriesfromJanuary2021toOctober2023(comparedtothesamemonthofthepreviousyear)Monthlyinflationratesindevelopedandemergingcountries2021-2023UnitedStatesChinaJapanGermanyEuroZoneFranceUnitedKingdomBrazilRussiaIndiaItaly20%15%10%5%0%-5%Jan

Feb'Mar'

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct'21

21

21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'23

'23

'23

'23

'23

'23

'23

'23

'23

'2322Description:Ofthemajordevelopedandemergingeconomies,Chinahadanegativeinflationrateofminus0.2percentinOctober2023,tofallingintodeflation.Ontheotherendofthespectrum,theinflationrateinRussiastoodat6.7percent.Thecountry'sinflationrateincreasedsharplyafterthecountry'sPresident,VladimirPutin,decidedtoinvadeUkraine,butdeclinedsomewhatsince.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2021toOctober2023Source(s):BrazilianInstituteofGeographyandStatistics;BureauofLaborStatistics;Eurostat;Insee;Istat;LabourBureauIndia;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChina;OfficeforNationalStatistics(UK);RussianFederalStateStatisticsService;StatisticsBureauof[...]ProducerPriceIndex(PPI)/WholesalePriceIndex(WPI)InflationworldwidefromJanuary2019toSeptember2023,byregionProducerPriceIndex/WholesalePriceIndexInflationworldwide2019-2023World(ex.U.S.)Advanced(ex.U.S.)EmergingU.S.225205185165145125105Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'23

'23

'23

'23

'2323Description:InSeptember2023,theglobalproducerpriceindex(PPI)/wholesalepriceindexinflation(WPI),excludingtheU.S.,stoodat176.08.IntheUnitedStates,theindexvalueamountedto167.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2019toSeptember2023Source(s):DallasFed;HaverAnalyticsMonthlyProducerPriceIndex(PPI)forallcommoditiesinmajoreconomiesfromJanuary2020toSeptember2023ProducerPriceIndex(PPI)allcommoditiesinmajoreconomies:2020-2023UnitedStatesChinaJapanEuroarea1801701601501401301201101009024Description:InAugust2023,theProducerPriceIndex(PPI)intheEuroZonewasthehighestinthefourcountries/areasunderconsideration.Thatmonth,itsindexscorestoodatnearly146,comparedtoroughly143intheUntiedStates,whichwasthesecondhighestinthefourareas.Japan'sandChina'sindexscoreswerearound120and110,respectively.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2020toSeptember2023Source(s):TradingEconomicsMonthlychangeintheProducerPriceIndex(PPI)forallcommoditiesinmajoreconomiesfromJanuary2020toOctober2023ProducerPriceIndex(PPI)changeinmajoreconomies2020-2023UnitedStatesChinaJapanEuroarea50%40%30%20%10%0%-10%-20%25Description:Through2022,thechangesinProducerPriceIndex(PPI)wereatahighrateacrossallregions,beforefallingthroughthelastquarterof2022andthefirstmonthsof2023.IntheEuroArea,themonthlychangewasover40percentinAugust2022,butstoodatminus12.5inSeptember2023.Meanwhile,Chinahadanegativeindexrateof2.5percentthesamemonth.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2020toOctober2023Source(s):TradingEconomicsAnnualaverageWTIandBrentcrudeoilspotpricesfrom1990to2022(inU.S.dollarsperbarrel)WTIandBrentcrudeoil'saverageannualspotprices1990-2022WestTexasIntermediateEuropeBrent1251058565452551990

1995

2000

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

202226Description:TheaveragespotpriceforWestTexasIntermediatecrudeoilcameto94.9U.S.dollarsperbarrelin2022,anincreaseof39percentfromthepreviousyear.Figuresin2020wereroughly15U.S.dollarslowerthantheaverage2019spotpriceandlinkedtolowerconsumerdemandfollowingtravelrestraintsimplementedbygovernmentsaroundtheworldasasafetymeasureagainstthecoronaviruspandemic.The2021averagespotpriceforBrentcrudeoilwas70.86U.S.dollars.BothBrent[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;1990to2022Source(s):EIA;ThomsonReutersGlobalPurchasingManagerIndex(PMI)formanufacturingandnewexportordersfromJanuary2018toOctober2023GlobalPMIformanufacturingandnewexportorders2018-2023NewexportordersManufacturing605550454035302520Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep'18

'18

'18

'18

'18

'18

'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'23

'23

'23

'23

'2327Description:InOctober2023,theglobalPMIamountedto47.5fornewexportordersand49formanufacturing.ThemanufacturingPMIwasait'slowestpointinAugustof2020.Itdecreasedoverthelastmonthsof2022aftereffectsoftheRussia-Ukrainewarandrisinginflationhittheworldeconomy,andremainedjustbelow50since.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2018toOctober2023Source(s):HaverAnalytics;IHSMarkit;JPMorganChase;WorldBankManufacturingPMI(IndustrialPMI)inkeydevelopedandemergingeconomiesfromJanuary2020toOctober2023(50=nochange)PurchasingManagersIndex(PMI)indevelopedandemergingcountries2020-2023UnitedStatesChinaJapanGermanyEuroZoneFranceUnitedKingdomBrazilRussiaIndia706560555045403530252028Description:AsofOctober2023,thePurchasingManager'sIndex(PMI)inallmajoreconomiesexcepttheUnitedStates,Russia,andIndiawasbelow50,indicatingadecreaseinindustrialproduction.Forexample,thePMIintheGermanystoodat40.8asofOctober2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2020toOctober2023;seasonallyadjustedSource(s):ChinaFederationofLogistics&Purchasing;ISM;Markit;NationalBureauofStatisticsofChinaGlobalPurchasingManagerIndex(PMI)oftheindustrialsectorfromAugust2021toAugust2023(50=nochange)GlobalPurchasingManagerIndex(PMI)oftheindustrialsectorAugust2023Indexvalue(50=nochange)0102030405060Aug'21Sep'21Oct'21Nov'21Dec'21Jan'22Feb'22Mar22Apr'22May'22Jun'22Jul'2254.154.154.354.254.253.253.652.952.352.352.251.151.5Aug'2229Description:ThisstatisticshowstheglobalPurchasingManagerIndex(PMI)oftheindustrialsectorfromAugust2021toAugust2023.InAugust2023,theglobalEMIwasat49points.ReadmoreNote(s):WorldwideSource(s):JPMorganChase;MarkitCHAPTER

04TradeindicatorsChangeinglobalgoodstradevolumefromJanuary2018toAugust2023Monthlychangeingoodstradeglobally2018-202310%5%0%-5%-10%-15%Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul'18

'18

'18

'18

'18

'18

'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'23

'23

'23

'2331Description:InMay2023,globaltradevolumeingoodsincreasedby0.3percentcomparedtothepreviousmonth.Globaltradevolumesfellby12.9percentinApril2020followingtheoutbreakoftheCOVID-19pandemic.However,globaltradequicklyrecovered,growingbyoversevenpercentinJunethatyear.SinceSeptember2020,ithashadamonthlygrowthlevelbetween2.9andminus2.0percent.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2018toAugust2023Source(s):NetherlandsBureauforEconomicPolicyAnalysisGrowthinGDPandtradevolumeworldwidefrom2007to2025ChangeinGDPandtradevolumeglobally2007-2025GDP(RHS)Trade15%10%5%0%-5%-10%-15%200720082009201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021

2022*

2023**

2024**

2025**32Description:In2020,boththeglobaltradevolumeandthegrowthinGDPdroppedfollowingtheoutbreakofCOVID-19.Itincreasedagainin2021,butisestimatedtoslowsomewhatin2022and2023followingtherisingglobalinflationrates.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;2007to2022;*Estimate.**Forecast.Tradeistheaverageofexportandimportvolumes.AggregategrowthratescalculatedusingGDPweightsat2010pricesandmarketexchangerates.

GDPvaluespriorto2010andtrade[...]

ReadmoreSource(s):WorldBankGlobalmerchandiseexportsindexfromJanuary2019toSeptember2023,byregionGlobalmerchandiseexportsindex2019-2023,byregionWorld(ex.U.S.)Advanced(ex.U.S.)EmergingU.S.40035030025020015010050Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'23

'23

'23

'23

'2333Description:InAugust2023,themerchandiseexportsindexworldwide,excludingtheU.S.,stoodat198.Thisiscomparedtoanindexvalueof144fortheUnitedStatesinthesamemonth.Theindexwashighestinemergingeconomies,reachinganindexscoreof327.Moreover,themerchandiseimportsindexwasalsohighestinemergingeconomies.ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2019toSeptember2023;aggregatedusingU.S.tradeweightsSource(s):DallasFed;HaverAnalyticsGlobalmerchandiseimportsindexbetweenJanuary2019toSeptember2023,byregionGlobalmerchandiseimportsindex2019-2023,byregionWorld(ex.U.S.)Advanced(ex.U.S.)EmergingU.S.35030025020015010050Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep

Nov

Jan

Mar

May

Jul

Sep'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'19

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'20

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'21

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'22

'23

'23

'23

'23

'2334Description:InAugust2023,theglobalmerchandiseimportsindex,excludingtheU.S.,stoodat186.Thisiscomparedtoavalueof116fortheUnitedStatesinthesameperiod.Inemergingeconomies,itreachedanindexlevelofnearly275.

ReadmoreNote(s):Worldwide;January2019toSeptember2023;aggregatedusingU.S.tradeweightsSource(s):DallasFed;HaverAnalyticsMonthlybalancevaluesoftheifoexpo