北京房山區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中考試英語(yǔ)試題學(xué)業(yè)水平調(diào)研一

房山區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期學(xué)業(yè)水平調(diào)研（一）高二英語(yǔ)本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿分100分，考試時(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案填涂或書(shū)寫(xiě)在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，將試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。WhenIwaseight,Iwantedatoyandneeded$10tobuyit.But,asusual,Iwasbroke.Idecidedtoaskmy11-year-oldsister,Kathleen,foraloan.Sheagreedto1methemoney,butadded,“Iwillchargeyou10percentcompoundinteresteverymonthuntilyoupaymeback.”“Compoundinterest—what’sthat?”Iasked.“Well,interestisthe2moneyborrowershavetopaybackonaloan,”sheexplained.“Compoundinterestmeansthattheinterestpaymentsgetbiggerandbiggerthelongeryoutaketopaybacktheloan.”“Sure.Igetit,”Isaid.Thoughtruthfully,Iwasgetting3.Kathleenlentmethemoney,andI4thetoy.Mybirthdaycameamonthlater,andmymomgaveme$10.ThatwasjusttheamountIneededtobuyanothertoy.I5payingmysisterforamonth.Afteranothermonth,Iforgotabouttheloan.Severalmonthslater,onChristmasmorning,mysisterandIeachfounda$20billinourstockings.IwasjustputtingitintomypocketwhenKathleenstoppedme.“Sorry,that’smine.I’m6onyourdebt.”“Huh?”ThenIrememberedtheloan.“Hey!Howcanitbethatmuch?Ionlyborrowed$10.“True,”shesaid,“but7hasbeencompoundingforeightmonths.Nowyouoweme$21.43.”Irefusedto8thata$10loancouldmorethandoublesoquickly.Muchtomy9,mysistergotherpencilandtabletandshowedmeexactlyhowitalladdedup.Thistime,Igotthebasicideaofcompoundinterest.I10thehardwaythatborrowingmoneycanbe“doubletrouble”innotime.Mysistersuccessfullytaughtmehowtouseandmanagemymoney.1.A.hand B.lend C.give D.pay2.A.limited B.exact C.extra D.same3.A.satisfied B.confused C.frightened D.encouraged4.A.sold B.made C.fixed D.bought5.A.putoff B.tookup C.endedup D.startedoff6.A.relying B.focusing C.carrying D.collecting7.A.interest B.cost C.tax D.salary8.A.announce B.promise C.prove D.believe9.A.annoyance B.regret C.relief D.delight10.A.questioned B.explained C.learned D.explored第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫(xiě)1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。ATheLittlePrince11(tell)ustheimportanceoflookingbeneaththesurfaceofthingstouncovertheirrealmeanings.Ilikeitbecauseitissimple,andyetitreallymademethinkalot12lifeanddeath,loveandresponsibility,friendshipandloneliness.Oneofthemostmemorablecharactersinthebookisarose,13thelittleprincefellinlovewith.BWhenIhurriedtothestore,Isawthatthebookswerealreadybeingpackedinto14(box).IhadalongchatwithCasey,thestore’selderlyowner.Sighing15(deep),hetoldmehowitwasbecomingdifficulttorunanindependentbookstore.Moreandmorecustomers16(attract)bychainstoresandonlinediscounts.Itriedtothinkofsomewordsofsympathy,17IhadtoadmitthattheRainbowBookstorecouldn’tstayinbusinessmuchlonger.CIt’satragicstorythat18(begin)in1810whenhumansarrivedonMacquarieIsland.Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice.Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland,19(eat)thebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheisland20(control)theratsandmice.Unfortunately,thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds,too.第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AIfyou’reanEnglishlearneroranEnglishspeakerlookingtowidenyourvocabulary,agooddictionaryappisamust.Merriam-WebsterMerriam-Websterisawell-knownandhighlytrusteddictionary.Theappprovidesqualitydefinitions,audiopronunciationsandusageexamples.Itevenletsyousearchforwordsbyspeakingthem!Thisfeatureisperfectwhenyouhearawordyoudon’tunderstandbutaren’tsurehowit’swritten.OxfordDictionaryofEnglishTheOxfordDictionaryofEnglishappisacomprehensiveandreliableresourceforEnglishlanguagereference.Theappprovidesclearandconcisedefinitions,alongwithaudiopronunciationsandexamplesentences.Youcanalsoaccesssynonyms,antonymsandwordorigins.Additionally,theappoffersofflinefunctionality,allowingyoutoaccessthedictionaryevenwithoutaninternetconnection.VTheVdictionaryappisexcellentforEnglishlearnersbecauseithasveryeasy-to-understanddefinitions.Thesitesaysit’s“asifyourfavoriteteacherwereexplainingittoyou.”Eachdefinitionhasexplanationsofwhatthewordmeansandalsowhenandhowyouwoulduseit.Iteventurnslearningintoagamebylettingyouearnpoints!FluentUFluentUtakesreal-worldvideosandturnsthemintopersonalizedlanguagelearninglessons.ItusesanaturalapproachthathelpsyoueaseintotheEnglishlanguageandcultureovertime.You’lllearnEnglishasit’sspokeninreallife.ThebestpartisthatFluentUkeepstrackofthevocabularythatyou’relearningandgivesyouextrapracticewithdifficultwords.Itevenremindsyouwhenit’stimetoreview!21.Merriam-WebsterappcanhelpEnglishlearners________.A.findrightwordstospeakperfectEnglishB.searchforawordevenwithoutaninternetconnectionC.learndifficultwordsbypracticingmoreandreviewingD.lookforawordwhentheyareunsureaboutitsspelling22.WhichdictionaryappprovesEnglishlearnerswithsimpledefinitionsandinterestinglearning?A.Merriam-Webster. B.OxfordDictionaryofEnglish.C.V. D.FluentU.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthispassage?A.Torecommendusefuldictionaryapps.B.TogivesuggestionsonEnglishlearning.C.Toofferadviceonhowtouseadictionaryapp.D.TointroducethesourcesofEnglishvocabulary.BWhenIwaslittle,mydadwouldletmesitbesidehimotheporchwhilehepainted.Hewouldtellmehowthecowbyitselfisjustacow,andthemeadowbyitselfisjustgrassandflowers,andthesunpeekingthroughthetreesisjustabeamoflight,butputthemalltogetherandyou’vegotmagic.Iunderstoodwhathewassaying,butIneverfeltwhathewassayinguntilonedaywhenIwasupinthesycamoretreetorescueakitestuckinthebranches.Itwasalongwayup,butIthoughtI’dgiveitashot.Istartedclimbing.ThenIlookeddown.AndsuddenlyIgotdizzyandweak.Iwasmilesofftheground!Butthekitewasstillbeyondmyreach.IcaughtmybreathandforcedmyselftoconcentrateonthekiteasIclimbedup.WhenIhadthekitefree,Ineededaminutetorest.That’swhenthefearofbeingupsohighbegantolift,andinitsplacecamethemostamazingfeelingthatIwasflying.Justsoaringabovetheearth,sailingamongtheclouds.ThenIgottonoticehowwonderfulthebreezesmelled.Itseemedlikesunshineandwildgrassandrain!Icouldn’tstopbreathingitin,fillingmylungsagainandagainwiththesweetestsmellI’deverknown.Inevergotovertheview.Ikeptthinkingofwhatitfeltliketobeupsohighinthattree.Iwantedtoseeit,tofeelit,again.Andagain.Itwasn’tlongbeforeIwasn’tafraidofbeingupsohighandfoundthespotthatbecamemyspot.Icouldsitthereforhours,justlookingoutattheworld.Sunsetswereamazing.Somedaysthey’dbepurpleandpink,somedaysthey’dbeablazingorange,settingfiretocloudsacrossthehorizon.Itwasonadaylikethatwhenmyfather’snotion(觀念)movedfrommyheadtomyheart.Theviewfrommysycamorewasmorethanrooftopsandcloudsandwindandcolorscombined.24.Whydidtheauthorclimbupthesycamoretree?A.Topracticeclimbingskills. B.Togetatrappedkite.C.Toprovehercourage. D.Toplayinthetree.25.Theauthor’sclimbingexperiencewas________.A.well-plannedandinteresting B.adventurousbutrewardingC.competitiveandimaginative D.unusualbutpainful26.Theauthorlikedbeinguphighinthetreebecause________.A.shecouldenjoymorethangoodviewsB.herfatherencouragedhertodosoC.itcouldhelphertoconcentrateD.thetreehadthesweetestsmell27.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellus?A.Thewholeisgreaterthanthesumofitsparts.B.Beautifulthingsdon’taskforattention.C.Positiveactionleadstohappiness.D.Practicemakesperfect.CMakinguseofthewind,thewateror,formorethanhalfofallplantspecies,animals,plantsdisperse(散播)seedsfarandwide.Frugivores—animalssuchasgibbonsthatfeedonthefleshyfruitsofplants—eatandthenexcrete(排泄)seedsawayfromtheoriginaltree.TheAfricansavannaelephantcancarryseedsuptoarecord-breakingdistanceof65kilometres.Thisabilitytoshiftgeographicalrangeswillbecrucialtoplantswhenitcomestosurvivingclimatechange.However,justlikeallgibbonspecies,theAfricansavannaelephantisendangered,itspopulationdownby60percentoverthepast50years.ResearchersinDenmarkandtheUSAhavepublishedanewstudyintohowthelossofseed-dispersinganimalscouldaffecttheresilience(恢復(fù)力)offorestsandothernaturalecosystems.Theyfoundthat,historically,thedeclineofseed-dispersinganimalshashadthegreatestinfluenceonplantsacrossthetemperate(溫帶的)regionsofNorthandSouthAmerica,EuropeandsouthernAustralia.“Ourtemperateecosystemshavelostalotofthenaturalseed-dispersalfunctionthattheywouldhavehad,”explainsEvanFricke,leadauthorofthestudy,referringtolargemammalsthatwereoncewidespreadintheseregions.Nevertheless,thepoorconservationstatusofmanyseed-dispersingtropicalanimalsputsplantsinregionssuchasSoutheastAsiaandMadagascarmostatrisktoday.Withoutthepreservationofsuchanimals,globalseeddispersalcoulddeclinebyafurther15percent.“Thedirectimplicationofthisdeclineisthatmanyplantspecieswillbeunabletokeeppacewithachangingclimate,”saysFricke.“Thatmeansthepotentiallossnotonlyofplantbiodiversitybutoftheecosystemfunctionsthatthoseplantsprovide.”Aswildlifeislost,plantscannolongeradaptandsurviveandforestsbecomelesssustainable,whichreducestheamountofcarbontheycanstore.Theyalsolosetheirabilitytosupportwildlife.Wholeecosystemsaredisrupted.Theconclusion,Frickesays,isclear:wemustconservecurrentlyendangeredspeciesandrestorethepopulationsofimportantseeddispersers.“Independentofclimatechange,rewildinghasthepotentialtobenefitourecosystems,butinachangingclimate,ithastheaddedbenefitofincreasingtheclimateresilienceofthoseecosystems,”hesays.28.TheauthormentionstheAfricansavannaelephantinParagraph1to________.A.provideasolution B.predicttheendingC.expressanopinion D.highlighttheproblem29.Asforseed-dispersinganimals,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?A.TheyarevitalandendangeredB.Theyarebeingwellconserved.C.TheyareunrelatedtowholeecosystemsD.Theyarewidespreadacrossthetemperateregions.30.WhatdoesFrickeconcludefromthestudy?A.Seed-dispersinganimalsplayanimportantroleinpreventingclimatechange.B.Thelossofseed-dispersinganimalshashardlyaffectedtemperateregions.C.Rewildingcanpromotetheclimateresilienceofourecosystems.D.Plantsdisperseseedsbywayofanimalsexcretingthem.DApersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscription-based(訂閱)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansstartedtoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone.Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadelittleprogress,andthetraditionalsubscription-basedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,onofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.Elsevierwantedthelibrariestopaytwofees:oneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tcometoterms,thelibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlanS.Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetocomplainthatPlanSdeprives(剝奪)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystemstartedin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlycommoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entrenched”inParagraph2mostprobablymean?A.Unpopular. B.Unfixed. C.Unchanged. D.Unknown.32.WhatisthemaincauseofthefailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A.Thenumberofpublishedresearches.B.Thechargeforopenaccessmodel.C.Thedurationofthecontract.D.Thewayofpayment.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Academicsthinkopenaccessmodelwillhelpthemgetpromoted.B.Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually.C.Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.D.Openaccessmodelwillsoontaketheplaceofsubscription-basedmodel.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A.Disapproving. B.Indifferent. C.Doubtful. D.Supportive.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Emojisareeverywhere.Theyoffereffectiveandfunwaystointeractwithothers.Usedwell,theycanbecomeanengagingandcreativeadditiontocommunication.35Onewell-chosenemojicanreplacemanywordsoftext.36Orathumbs-upemojimightsaveyoufromwritingoutyouragreementtosomethinginfull.37Andwhenyoucan’thearsomeone’stoneofvoiceorreadtheirbodylanguage,animagecanbeparticularlyhelpfulforunderstandingtheirmeaning.Emojisareclear,colorful,anddesignedtoconveyasinglemessagememorably—whichhasbeenshowntoincreaseinterestandengagement.Theystandoutamongtext,especiallywhentherecipientisworkingquicklyoronthemove.Manyemojismeanthesamethingtoeveryone,everywhere.38Forexample,asmilingfaceemojiwillletanyoneknowthatyou’rehappy,whateverlanguageyouspeak!Emojiscanhelpyoutoshowyourhumanside,makingyouseemfriendlierandmoreapproachable.What’smore,thebrainreactstoimagesoffaces,andtorealfaces,inaverysimilarway.Alongsideallthepotentialbenefitsofemojisthatwe’velistedabove,therearealsodangersyou’llneedtoguardagainst.39Forexample,ared-facedcharactercouldbeangry,orembarrassed.Likeanylanguage,youneedto“speakEmoji”withcare.Ifnot,youruntheriskofcreatingconfusion,conveyingthewrongimpression,orevencausingseriousoffense.A.Herearesomeofthereasonswhyemojisaresopopular.B.Manyemployeesinsomewesterncountriesareusingemojisatwork.C.Anemojiisofteneasierandquickertounderstandthanawrittenexplanation.D.Sotheycanbreakthroughlanguagebarriers,andpromoteeasycommunication.E.Forexample,youcouldselectanemojiofahousetosetyourstatusas“workingfromhome.”F.Apoorlychosenemojicancauseproblems,becausesomeoftheimagesarenotuniversallyunderstood.G.Forexample,thecrossedfingersemojimeansgoodluckinsomeplaces,butit’sseenasanimpolitesigninothers.第三部分書(shū)面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；第40、41題各2分，第42題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問(wèn)題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。Skyscrapers(摩天大樓)aretheultimatesymbolofurbanlife.By2050,almost80percentoftheearth’spopulationcouldliveincities.Thehumanpopulationcouldincreaseto9.1billionpeopleyettheamountoflandavailableforfarmingwillbethesame.Howtomeettheincreasingfoodneedsofourplanetcouldbeabigproblem.Verticalfarms,whereurbanfarmerscouldgrowcropsinenvironmentallyfriendlyskyscrapers,couldbethesolution.Inspiteofconcernsoverhighcosts,expertswanttomaketheseurbanfarmsarealityandusetheseskyscraperstogrowcrops.Theybelievethatwecanincreasefoodproductionbychangingourthinkingfromouttoup.Verticalfarmswouldhavemanyadvantages,expertssay.Thef