研究生綜合英語2課后答案

UnitOneKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.cameupwith 2.Thechancesare 3.fellflat 4.bestowedupon 5.Downright6.putyourmind7.Appalled8.Verdict9.Poise10.blurtedoutB1.inarticulate 2.insults 3.inept 4.glowingly 5.execrable 6.Enhance7.Invite8.sickly9.Adroit10.charmingC.1.A 2.C3.C4.B5.A 6.C 7.D8.A9.C10AIV.Clozehesitant2.playing3.contributes4.or5.confidence6.external7.lurking8.whose9.because10.withhold11.Given12.for13.perspective14.drawback15.competition16.Achieved17.Equal18.Based19.Enters20.EnhancingV.TranslationA．我想了片刻，覺得世界上講西班牙語的人最善于辭令，也許可以從他們身上學(xué)到點(diǎn)什么。你對(duì)他們中的一個(gè)人贊嘆道，“這是我曾經(jīng)見到過的最漂亮的房子”，他立刻回應(yīng)道，“您大駕光臨，更使蓬蓽生輝?！弊屇阏驹谀莾?，一臉尷尬。要想回敬他們是沒有用的——不管說什么，最后他們總會(huì)占上風(fēng)的。有一點(diǎn)很清楚：所有得體的社交最根本的就在于保持鎮(zhèn)定。Eliza.W.Farrar，寫過一本美國(guó)最早的關(guān)于禮儀方面的書。她在書中講述了在新英格蘭舉行的一次高雅的宴會(huì)上主人切鵝的故事，闡述了保持鎮(zhèn)定的重要性。鵝不慎脫手，滑出了盤子，落在一位貴婦人的衣裙上。要是我遇到這種情況，我會(huì)感到極度地窘迫，恨不得悄悄地找根繩子去上吊。可是，這位主人卻泰然自若。他極為平靜而莊重地說，“夫人，如果您把那鵝還給我，我將感激不盡?！比绻覀兊男袨榕e止都能保持這種風(fēng)度，擺脫局促不安，那我們的社交生活就會(huì)有趣得多。如果我們牢記這一點(diǎn)，我們就會(huì)顯得更加鎮(zhèn)定自如：每當(dāng)有人恭維你時(shí)，他可能只是想和你說說話。唯一明智的回答就是由八個(gè)小小的字母構(gòu)成的兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)潔的小詞：Thankyou！B．Animportantstepinbecominganeffectiveflattereristounderstandwhyflatteryhelpsyouestablishbetterrelationshipswithothers.Therootcauseofthepowerofflatterygetsatabasicprincipleofhumanbehavior:Peoplecravebeingappreciated.,Thevastmajorityofpeopleareofthesimilarideadespitedifferentcultures.InAsianculturesthedesireforgrouprecognitionisgenerallystrongerthanthedesireforindividualrecognition.Nevertheless,theneedforrecognitionispresent.Manypeopleholdthatthejoyofworkitselfismoreimportantthanexternalrecognition,includingflattery.Thejoyofworkmaybeapowerfulmotivator,buteventhosewhogetthebiggestjoyfromtheirwork---suchasscientists,artists,andphotographers---craveflatteryandrecognition.Otherwisetheywouldn’tcompeteforNobelPrizesorentertheirworkinimportantexhibitions.Anotherreasonflatteryissoeffectiverelatestothenormalneedtoberecognized.Althoughsomearticlesandbookshavebeenwrittenandpreachedzealouslyaboutflattery,mostpeoplereceivelessrecognitionthantheydeserve.Manypeoplehardlyeverreceivecomplimentseitheronthejoborathome,thusintensifyingtheirdemandforflattery.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudiesswansong2.theonlyflyintheointment3.awhiteelephant4.adoginthemanger5.sittingduckstalkturkey7.letthecatoutofthebag8.fishingintroubledwaters9.cryingcrocodiletears10.buyingapiginapokeII.VocabularyExpansionD2.A3.C4.B5.C6.D7.B8.C9.A10.BUnitTwoKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.pamper2.perspicacious3.philanthropic4.precious 5.charisma 6.largess7.betoken 8.tacky 9.grudgingly10.proclivityB.observe 2.wicked 3.egoism4.discomfort 5.Abundance6.Imminent7.ashamed 8.Puritan9.spontaneously10.worthyC. 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.A8.D 9.C 10.BIV.Cloze1.chances2.single3.with4.to5.Mutually6.following7.partially8.bother9.As10.Taboo11.beginning12.both13.and14.on15.not16.made17.similar18.worth19.concerned20.themselvesV.TranslationA．有一段時(shí)間，我曾與一個(gè)女子約會(huì)——她是愛好文學(xué)的那一類、博覽群書、其寓所藏書甚豐——我非常羨慕她。在一次圣誕節(jié)我決定贈(zèng)送她一件非同尋常的好東西，當(dāng)然，恐怕也是非同尋常地昂貴。我給她買了一套斯威夫特文集——不是一套一般性的集子，而是十八世紀(jì)早期的珍本；然后我將每卷皮裝書單獨(dú)包起來，每一卷附有一張書卡，卡上寫有精心挑選的斯威夫特的語錄。我覺得真是浪漫極了；我甚至想象到在圣誕節(jié)前夕，當(dāng)我們坐在壁爐旁呷飲法國(guó)白蘭地和欣賞著勃蘭登堡協(xié)奏曲時(shí)，她把文集一卷卷地打開時(shí)的那種情景。我有時(shí)是多么傻?。∷?，一個(gè)我本應(yīng)了解的講究實(shí)惠的女人，給我買了兩雙襪子、一件襯衫外加一本阿曼斯小詩集。她翻開斯威夫特文集時(shí)哭了起來。我以為那是快樂的眼淚，但卻不是?！拔也荒芙邮苓@個(gè)禮物，”她說?！斑@實(shí)在太不合適了?！彼龍?jiān)持讓我把禮物收回，或者把它們賣了或者自己留著。當(dāng)我對(duì)此表示異議時(shí)，她變得更加煩躁，最后她請(qǐng)我離開并把書一齊帶走。我照她的話做了，但心靈受到了傷害而且感到迷惑不解。我花了幾個(gè)星期才搞明白自己所犯的錯(cuò)誤。布萊克默曾在某處這樣寫過，“在我們所有人身上都有一股傻勁——愚蠢而又固執(zhí)?！笔刮腋械綐s耀的是，在送禮方面我一般還是比較明智的，不是一個(gè)愛炫耀自己的人，但是炫耀在我身上依然存在，正如我以前的女友所說，我做事太沒有分寸，如給人送超出自己財(cái)力的禮物，或饋贈(zèng)象征著根本不存在的親密關(guān)系的禮物，或贈(zèng)送與受禮者的興趣與心愿毫不相干的禮物。我對(duì)送禮的奧妙簡(jiǎn)直是麻木不仁，我經(jīng)常因不了解這一點(diǎn)而痛責(zé)自己。B.Flowersareamongthemostfrequentlygivengifts.There’satraditionalflorallanguage,andacarefullyselectedbouquetorplantcanconveyawiderangeofemotionsandsentiments.Redrosessymbolizeloveaswellasthehopefulbeginningofanewenterprise;violetsbeseechtherecipientnottoforgetthedonor;orchidsandotherexquisitebloomsindicatethattherecipientregardsyouasexotic,preciousandrare.Afloralgiftthatevokeswarmrecollectionswillbeprizedmorethanonethatissimplyshowyandextravagant.Acustomeraskedafloristtodeliverabouquetofacertainvarietyofrose—yellowtingedwithred—toahospitalwherehermotherlayseriouslyill.“They’vebeenmymother’sfavoriteflowerssinceshecarriedthematherweddingmanyyearsago,”shesaid.Thefloristfoundtheflowersshewantedafteraweekofsearching.Thecustomer’smotherwasdelightedatthesightoftheflowers.Inaddition,afloralgiftcanalsostrengthentheemotionaltiesbetweenhusbandandwife.Adoctor,onhis57thbirthday,receivedanambitiousfloralgift.Whenhereturnedhomefromwork,muchtohisjoyfulsurprise,hefoundhisfrontlawnturnedintoarosegardencontaining57bushes.“Itwasawonderful,self-renewinggiftfrommywife—aconstantreminderofher.”hesaid.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.atdaggersdrawn2.burntmyboats3.bitthebullet4.halfthebattle5.spikedhisguns6.getshisknifeinto7.Whenmyshipcomesin8.aswordofDamocles9.ashotinthedark10.biggunsII.VocabularyExpansionA2.C3.B4.D5.B6.C7.A8.B9.D10.CUnitThreeKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.1.desert(throwaway)2.cherish3.bargainfor4.invain5.avarice6.ruthless7.(magnates)tycoons8.caste9.norms10.eroticB1.barren2.transient3.preposterous4.simple-minded5.Illusory6.monogamous7.deep-rooted8.rabid9.teetotaler10.sanctityC1.C2.B3.A4.B5.D6.D7.B8.C9.A10.CIV.Cloze1.revelations2.demand3.traits4.altruism5.Inflicting6.exceptions7.raised8.hurt9.spouse10.extraordinary11.decent12.pain13.overshadowed14.experience15.least16.relationship17.apparent18.pleasure19.humanity20.obligationV.TranslationA.正是強(qiáng)烈情欲的力量使然。情欲與轉(zhuǎn)瞬而逝的其他欲望如食欲等不同，它所帶來的期待無比壯觀，為任何其他情感所不及。毫無疑問，我們所有的欲望都帶來期待，但無一能望其項(xiàng)背。墜入愛河便會(huì)萌發(fā)難以抗拒的信念：相愛一定會(huì)到終老，擁有心愛的人不僅常常讓人心醉神迷，還會(huì)帶來安定感、成就感和深入骨髓的相伴一生的幸福感。所以我們孤注一擲。如果錯(cuò)過這個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)，一生都將失去意義。只要一想到這樣的厄運(yùn)，便會(huì)深陷自怨自艾的無底深淵。不幸的是，這些期待往往都是假象而已。任何一個(gè)有所經(jīng)歷的成人都知道所有的情欲不過如此，當(dāng)然他如果正身陷其中則另當(dāng)別論。朋友們天荒地老的故事我們并不當(dāng)真，因?yàn)橹烙械臅r(shí)候感情可以持續(xù)有時(shí)卻難以為繼。而真正能夠持久的感情并不是因?yàn)樵谧畛醯臅r(shí)候曾經(jīng)有過怎樣的諾言。兩個(gè)人能夠白頭偕老并不是因?yàn)樗麄兪莻ゴ蟮膽偃?，而是因?yàn)樗麄冇辛己玫钠沸校嚎酥疲艺\(chéng)，不偏激，可以相互適應(yīng)。B.Whatismarriage?MarriageislikewhatMr.QianZhongshuputinhisnovelFortressBesieged,“Marriageislikeabesiegedfortress：thosewhoareoutsidewanttogetintoit,andthosewhoareinsidewanttogetoutofit.”Butthefactisthateventhosewhohavemanagedtorushoutofthefortressstillharborgoodwishesformarriageandwheneverpossible,theystilltrytheirbesttocomeback.Andforthosewhostayinside,themajorityofthemstillkeepprotectingthefortresscarefullybyfulfillingtheirdutieswhethertheyhavegotlostorpuzzledintheirmarriagelife.Onlyafterapersongetsmarried,willhe/shecometounderstandmoreaboutthemarriageandtreasureitasitis.Infact,gettingmarriedisnotsodifficultsinceboysandgirlsshouldbemarrieduponreachingadulthood;however,keepingthemarriagefreshandstableisalittlebittoughbecausethecouplehavetotakealongtimetogetusedtoeachother.Itisnowonderpeopleclaimthatitiseasytobeinlovewitheachother,butitishardtolivewitheachother.Therefore,thosemarriedcouplesshouldlearntoforgetsomethingunpleasantandrecallthosesweetmemoriesbecausemarriagehappinessiswhatthecouplefeelabouteachother.AdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.crossingmybridgesbeforeIcometothem2.laidatthedoorof3.sitonthefence4.thewritingonthewall5.atowerofstrength6.raisedtheroof7.frompillartopost8.ahalfwayhouse9.tookthefloor10.beatingapathtoherdoorII.VocabularyExpansion1.D2.C3.B4.A5.B6.A7.B8.D9.A10.AUnitFourKeytoExercisesIII.Vocabulary:A1.deranged2.sneaking3.coerce4.anappraisal5.patently6.thrashing7.imminent8.hasabearingon9.cessation10.endorsedB1.salvageable2.humane3.defect4.alleviated5.prolong6.lethal7.compassionate8.theoretical9.forbid10.accidentalC1.B2.A3.C4.A5.D6.A7.D8.C9.B10.AIV.Cloze1.among2.opposite3.which4.how5.met6.in7.do8.for9.after10.Without11.but12.Instead13.value14.when15.low16.end17.challenges18.as19.were20.threatenedV.TranslationA我從來沒有施行過主動(dòng)安樂死，這種行為在我國(guó)被認(rèn)為是謀殺，會(huì)被判處死刑。但是我確信在臨床醫(yī)學(xué)實(shí)踐中，主動(dòng)安樂死應(yīng)擁有明確的地位。而且我還認(rèn)為我們不應(yīng)該害怕討論它在這一格局中所處的地位，也不應(yīng)害怕探討對(duì)患有絕癥的病人使用這種方法的可能性。我不能接受那種簡(jiǎn)單地認(rèn)為醫(yī)生無權(quán)剝奪他人生命的說法。此外，我認(rèn)為最大的困難在于如何界定生命。我本人把生命定義為活著的快樂。如果生活缺少快樂，又無望康復(fù)，患者神智清醒、精神正常，又符合其他標(biāo)準(zhǔn)如護(hù)理者出于良好的意愿，而且法律手續(xù)也完備，那么在倫理方面就沒有什么理由不能實(shí)施主動(dòng)安樂死。我確實(shí)經(jīng)常感到奇怪，有一種人出于憐憫，會(huì)去結(jié)束一個(gè)遭受痛苦折磨的動(dòng)物的生命，卻不愿意將這種特權(quán)的范圍擴(kuò)大到自己的同胞身上。也許在我們所有人心中都潛藏著一種負(fù)罪感—有什么能比得上為他人的死亡承擔(dān)責(zé)任更令人有負(fù)罪感呢？BControversysurroundingthemoralityofeuthanasiahasbeenheightenedinrecentyearsbecauseofadvancesinmedicaltechnologythatmakesitpossibleforhumanbeingstobekeptalivealmostindefinitely,evenwhenseverelyimpaired.Asaman’slifespanlengthens,moreandmorepeoplewillreachahighagewhenillnessanddisabilitycreatethepossibilityforeuthanasia.Ifapatient’sconditionsaredeteriorating,makinghimunabletomakearationalchoice,decisionstoprolongorterminatelifemustbelefttohisfamily,doctors,andcourts.Butunfortunatelythedefinitionof“l(fā)ife”isstillatissue.Apersonmaybedeclared“braindead”whilehisvitalorgansstillfunction.Somepeopleregardtheproblemsposedbyeuthanasiaasessentiallyreligious.Theythinkthatlifeissacred,nomatterhowseverelydisabledthepatientmaybe;nobodycanmakeadecisionwhetherheorsheshouldstayaliveornot.Someothersinsistthatdeathmaybepreferabletoaseverelyimpairedlife.Euthanasiathusbecomesanactofcharity.keytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.onthesideoftheangels2.bearhercross3.givethedevilhisdue4.tingod5.moveheavenandearth6.forthehellofit7.sellhissoul8.talkofthedevil9.rushinwhereangelsfeartotread10.outofspiritsII.VocabularyExpansionB2.A3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.C10.BUnitFiveKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.1.ascertain2.allegiance3.indubitable4.exterminate5.ofnoavail6.treachery7.eluded8.oflittleaccount/oflittlemoment9.preclude10.withaviewtoB.1.diversity2.retain3.wholeheartedness4.prosperity5.tolerance6.potent7.acclaimed8.orderly9.folly 10.discordC.1.C2.A3.D4.A5.D6.B7.B8.C9.B10.AIV.Cloze1.same2.past3.beyond4.true5.Brought6.historically7.with8.like9.when10.reason11.what12.as13.problems14.protects15.help16.about17.to18.own19.number20.provideV.TranslationA.自少年時(shí)代起，我的一生主要部分奉獻(xiàn)給了兩個(gè)不同的目標(biāo)，它們長(zhǎng)期以來彼此分隔，直至近年才合為一體。一方面我想探究能否做到知曉一切；另一方面我想盡己所能創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更為幸福的世界。在三十歲之前，我把大部分精力用在了前一項(xiàng)任務(wù)上。懷疑論令我苦惱不已，我被迫無奈得出如下結(jié)論：大部分所謂的知識(shí)都非定論，可以進(jìn)行合理地懷疑。就像人們想獲得宗教信仰一樣，我想得到事物的確定性。我以為，與其他任何領(lǐng)域相比，在數(shù)學(xué)中更可能找到確定性。但我發(fā)現(xiàn)在老師期望我接受的許多數(shù)學(xué)演算中充滿了謬誤。我還發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果在數(shù)學(xué)中真正能找到確定性的話，它將存在于一種新數(shù)學(xué)中，其根基比那些迄今被認(rèn)為是安全可靠的基礎(chǔ)更加牢固。然而，隨著工作的推進(jìn)，不斷地使我聯(lián)想起那則關(guān)于大象和烏龜?shù)脑⒀?。我建造了一頭支撐數(shù)學(xué)界的大象，之后發(fā)現(xiàn)大象搖搖欲墜，于是又建造了一只烏龜去支撐大象使之不倒?？墒菫觚敽痛笙笠粯涌坎蛔。?jīng)過大約二十年的艱辛勞動(dòng)，我漸漸得出結(jié)論：在使數(shù)學(xué)知識(shí)確切無疑方面我已無能為力。接著第一次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)，我的思想就集中到人類的悲慘遭遇和愚昧行為上去了。在我看來，無論是悲慘遭遇還是愚昧行為都不是人類不可避免的命運(yùn)。我深信，只要人類不去毀滅自己，那么智慧、耐心和雄辯遲早會(huì)引導(dǎo)人類走出作繭自縛的折磨。B. Psychologicallytherearetwodangerstobeguardedagainstinoldage.Oneoftheseisundueabsorptioninthepast.Itdoesnotdotoliveinmemories,inregretsforthegoodolddays,orinsadnessaboutfriendswhoaredead.One’sthoughtsmustbedirectedtothefuture,andtothingsaboutwhichthereissomethingtobedone.Thisisnotalwayseasy;one’sownpastisagraduallyincreasingweight.Itiseasytothinktooneselfthatone’semotionsusedtobemorevividthantheyare,andone’smindmorekeen.Ifthisistrueitshouldbeforgotten,andifitisforgottenitwillprobablynotbetrue.Theotherthingtobeavoidedisclingingtoyouthinthehopeofsuckingvigorfromitsvitality.Whenyourchildrenaregrownuptheywanttolivetheirownlives,andifyoucontinuetobeasinterestedinthemasyouwerewhentheywereyoung,youarelikelytobecomeaburdentothem,unlesstheyareunusuallycallous.Thisdoesnotmeanthatoneshouldbewithoutinterestinthem,butone’sinterestshouldbecontemplativeand,ifpossible,philanthropic,butnotundulyemotional.Animalsbecomeindifferenttotheiryoungassoonastheiryoungcanlookafterthemselves,buthumanbeings,owingtothelengthofinfancy,findthisdifficult.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.haveyourcakeandeatit2.looksasifbutterwouldn’tmeltinhismouth3.butteringbothsidesofhisbread4.eggonhisface5.cryingoverspiltmilk6.pouroilontroubledwaters7.eathumblepie8.sugarthepill9.makeamealofit10.saveyourbreathtocoolyourporridgeII.VocabularyExpansionA2.C3.A4.B5.B6.A7.D8.B9.C10.DUnitSixIII.VocabularyA1.rued2.high-strung3.banal4.feign5.Irrevocable6.mirth7.exuded8.belligerence9.disowned10.mumbledB.languished2.garnered3.requisite4.renowned5.Infuriate6.shamefaced7.sequel8.dotty9.interminable10.sedulousC.1.B2.A3.B4.A5.D6.C7.C8.A9.A10.CIV.Cloze1.experience2.in3.that4.general5.with6.though(as)7.from8.where9.thought10.aware11.how12.scheme13.only14.prepared15.prepared16.worse17.down18.others19.nobody’s20.downV.TranslationA．最讓人憤怒的談話就是做父母的明顯要從感情上全部包攬，尋找一個(gè)決定性的、確定未來職業(yè)的時(shí)刻。這些人都認(rèn)為讓孩子獲準(zhǔn)進(jìn)入一流的大學(xué)，就安全了，給孩子提供了一張通往成功的不可撤銷的護(hù)照，保證一輩子財(cái)運(yùn)亨通，不會(huì)中斷。像這些社會(huì)地位向上流動(dòng)的傻瓜家長(zhǎng)們?cè)谛孀约汉⒆拥哪繕?biāo)、慶賀自己干了件好事的同時(shí)，也在不知不覺地流露出一副普魯士似的好戰(zhàn)，無聲地奚落了那些不是很有天賦孩子們的家長(zhǎng)。對(duì)他們來說，撫養(yǎng)孩子最艱難的部分完成了。中學(xué)上完后，上了合適的預(yù)備學(xué)校，交上正當(dāng)?shù)呐笥眩灻麉⒓雍线m的活動(dòng)，現(xiàn)在又上了合適的學(xué)校。嗨，現(xiàn)在我們可以離開這兒了，搬到托斯卡納區(qū)享受去。但是，現(xiàn)實(shí)生活并不是停止在17歲?；?1歲。實(shí)際生活中，有些孩子受到了最好的教育，但是仍然把事情弄得很糟糕。我自己的這行職業(yè)中，就有許多人上了很好的學(xué)校，但結(jié)果職業(yè)卻很不理想（他們本應(yīng)該就是宣傳品；可是隔壁房間里響起的電話不是，而且永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)是普利策委員會(huì)打來的）。那些最有可能成功的男孩女孩中，有些結(jié)果不是靠政府福利生活，就是淪落在貧民區(qū)。這時(shí)，他們需要父母的投入或者現(xiàn)金。父母的責(zé)任并不因?yàn)楹⒆与x開了，就可以了結(jié)了，父母的責(zé)任永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)終止。這就是為什么大自然賦予你這種工作。B．InChina,alargenumberofparentssparenoeffortstoworkforselectingabetterschoolfortheirchildren,andevenspendalargesumofmoneyaslongastheirchildrencangotothekeyschools.ThesamecasealsooccursinBritain.Althoughthereisnodistinctionbetweenkeypublicschoolsandnon-keypublicschools,yetthequalityofeducationineachschoolisofgreatdifference.Therefore,theparentsalsoleavenostonesunturnedinordertofindabetterschoolfortheirchildren.ThedegreeoftheiranxietiesisnolessthanthatofChineseparents.Thefirststeptogetinaschoolistofillintheapplicationforms.Sincetheseapplicationformsareconsideredasveryimportantmaterialstogetaccesstoabetterschool,someparentscheatbywritingdownwronghomeaddresses.Hence,everyyearinBritainfindshundredsoforthousandsofsuchcheatingeventsandthewaysofcheatingareincreasingly“wiser”.Forexample,somefillintherelatives’addressortheoffice’saddressinstead,otherswritedownthecorrecthomeaddressbutwithawrongpostcode,becausetheyknowtheschoolwillcalculatethedistancebetweentheschoolandhomeaccordingtothepostcode.Moreover,someparentsevengotoTaxBureautopaytaxforaplacewheretheydon’tstayatall,sothattheycouldgetthetaxpaymentreceiptandpresentittotheschoolasaproofofvalidhomeaddress.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.meetitsWaterloo2.Johnny-come-lately3.aking’sransom4.tookFrenchleave5.goDutch6.noseyParker7.allGreektome8.JekyllandHyde9.Jack-of-all-trades10.Hobson’schoiceII.VocabularyExpansionA2.B3.D4.C5.B6.D7.A8.A9.B10.AUnitSevenIII.VocabularyA1.deemed2.Tobeginwith3.multitalented4.fairandsquare5.adversary6.forkover7spurred8enrouteto9.portrayed10.conjectureaboutB1.eulogize2.perpetuate3.susceptible4.besmirched5.stimulants6.sustains7.ferocious8.fortified9.bleak10.frailtyC1.C2.D3.D4.C5.D6.D7.D8.B9.A10.CIV.Cloze1.which2.broadcasting3.up4.keep5.through6.Eventually7.exception8.of9.turn10.advent11.itself12.income13.into14.amounts15.Rings16.relation17.low18.nutritional19.as20.spectacularlyV.Translation:A．讀完我寫下的這些文字，我感到自己把這項(xiàng)歷史性的輝煌盛事描述的過于晦暗。盡管文中所述的這些可悲的舞弊行為是真實(shí)存在的，但我從內(nèi)心深處仍不贊同那位因一部名著而對(duì)“1984”這個(gè)數(shù)字幾乎享有特權(quán)的作家所持的悲觀態(tài)度。喬治·奧維爾認(rèn)為，奧運(yùn)會(huì)“交織著仇恨、妒忌、夸耀、對(duì)規(guī)則的藐視，以及從觀看暴力行為中獲得的變態(tài)的快感。換句話說，這是一場(chǎng)沒有硝煙的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。”他的話過于偏激了。奧運(yùn)會(huì)反映的只是人性中一切美好和丑陋的方面。對(duì)古希臘體育運(yùn)動(dòng)中的欺詐行為的記載證明了奧運(yùn)會(huì)總是不斷地受到所謂的“人性的弱點(diǎn)”的影響。也許有人會(huì)提出，現(xiàn)代人在道德水準(zhǔn)上要略高于古希臘人。我想，很少有人會(huì)贊同一位歐洲教練近來發(fā)表的觀點(diǎn)，“只要你還活著為勝利而慶賀，就應(yīng)該得到報(bào)酬。體育比賽中沒有倫理道德的位置?！盉.Spectatorsportsprovideanoutletforviewingthevitalityofyouth,speed,andstrength.Thelevelsofskilldisplayedfascinatepeople.Menidentifymoredirectlythanmostwomenwithspectatorsportsbecauseoftheirchildhoodexperienceandthemachonatureofmostgames.Formenthereisanadditionalattractionintheirmindsthatbecausetheyaremaletheycouldbecalledontobethereonfield,askedtocontributetheirplayingorcoachingskills.Viewingsportthusprovidestherawmaterialfordreams.Nevertheless,womentoofeelvicarioussatisfactionofadesiretowin,andmorewomenarebecomingactiveincompetitivesports.Bytheearly1970s,growingfaninterestinthegames,heightenedbynetworktelevision,hadtransformedprofessionalsportsintolucrativebusinessenterprises.Asaresult,entirelynewleaguesspranguptocompetewithestablishedorganizationsandlureawayplayerswithattractivesalaries.Assportsbecamemoreliketraditionalbusinesses,playersincreasinglyturnedtoagentstorepresenttheminsalarynegotiations.Nowprofessionalsportshaveenteredanewera.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.tiedtohismother’sapronstrings2.belowthebelt3.onthewrongsideoftheblanket4.toobigforhisboots5.cutitscoataccordingtoitscloth6.hotunderthecollar7.handinglove8.linedhispocket9.losthisshirt10.stepintohisshoesII.VocabularyExpansionB2.B3.C4.A5.D6.B7.C8.A9.D10.DUnitEightKeytoExercisesIII.VocabularyA.1.impertinent 2.divested 3.ill-timed4.counterbalance 5.propriety 6.makeamends7.aversion 8.abhor 9.Engaging10insipid(flat,tedious)B.1.coolly 2.initiation 3.Affectedly4.vanity 5.ample(enough) 6.elaborate7.tempt 8.insensible 9.display(exhibit)10.viceC.1.A2.B3.A4.D5.B 6.C7.B8.D9.A10.C IV.Cloze1.up2.but3.make4.despite5.for6.over7.be8.what9.that10.character11.call12.on13.Rather14.to15.itself16.even17.based18.look19.While20.fromV.TranslationA．討人喜歡是一門是很有必要掌握、但又是很難學(xué)會(huì)的藝術(shù)。它幾乎無法被歸納成為幾條規(guī)則；你本人敏銳的意識(shí)和觀察能力，比我更能教會(huì)你這些東西?！皠e人如何待你，你就如何待人”這是我所知道的最可靠的討人喜歡的方法。你仔細(xì)觀察別人身上什么東西討你喜歡，那么你身上同樣的東西就可能討別人喜歡。如果別人對(duì)你的幽默、情趣和不足所給予的恭維和關(guān)注，令你高興，那么毫無疑問，你給予他們相同的恭維和關(guān)注，也同樣會(huì)令他們高興。與朋友相聚時(shí)說話要隨眾人的調(diào)子，你不要裝模作樣地定調(diào)子；你是嚴(yán)肅、快樂、或是開點(diǎn)玩笑，要根據(jù)所處朋友間的氣氛而定，這是每一個(gè)個(gè)人對(duì)大多數(shù)人應(yīng)有的禮貌。你不要在朋友中講故事，沒有比這種做法更令人乏味和不快的了。如果你碰巧知道一則短小的故事，而且又特別適合當(dāng)時(shí)的話題，那就用最簡(jiǎn)潔的語言把它表達(dá)出來；然后婉轉(zhuǎn)地說你并不喜歡講故事，但這則故事短小精悍，使你欲罷不能。在所有的事情中，最重要的是在談話中摒棄言必稱“我”的做法。千萬別打算用自己所關(guān)心的事或個(gè)人私事去取悅他人；盡管你對(duì)這些事情感興趣，對(duì)別人來說，它們卻是單調(diào)乏味和無關(guān)緊要的，而且個(gè)人私事應(yīng)盡量保密。無論你認(rèn)為自己多么優(yōu)秀，千萬不要在眾人面前自我炫耀；即使談話為你提供了展示這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)的機(jī)會(huì)，你也不要像許多人那樣，拼命地把它們轉(zhuǎn)移到話題中去。如果這些優(yōu)點(diǎn)是真實(shí)的，那它們肯定會(huì)被人發(fā)現(xiàn)，你無須自己去指出它們，由別人發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)你更加有利。即便你認(rèn)為自己的論點(diǎn)是正確的，也不要情緒激動(dòng)地固執(zhí)己見；而應(yīng)該謙虛冷靜地闡述自己的觀點(diǎn)，這是說服別人的唯一途徑；如果這樣做行不通，就設(shè)法換個(gè)話題，可以心平氣和地說：“我們難以互相說服，其實(shí)也沒有必要這樣做。讓我們談點(diǎn)別的事情吧。”B.IhaveafewthingsinmymindwhichIhaveoftenlongedtosayfortheinstructionoftheyoung;foritisinone’stenderearlyyearsthatsuchthingswillbesttakerootandbemostenduringandmostvaluable.Alwaysobeyyourparentswhentheyarepresent.Thisisbestpolicyinthelongrun,becauseifyoudon’ttheywillmakeyou.Mostparentsthinktheyknowbetterthanyoudo,andyoucangenerallybenefitmorebyacceptingthatideathanyoucanbyactingonyourownjudgment.Berespectfultoyoursuperiors,alsotofriends,acquaintancesandpeoplearoundyou.Ifapersonoffendsyou,andyouareindoubtastowhetheritwasintentionalornot,donotresorttoextrememeasures;simplywatchyourchanceandhithimbacklater.Thatwillbesufficient.Ifyoushallfindthathehadnotintendedanyoffense,comeoutfranklyandconfessyourselfinthewrongwhenyoustruckhim;acknowledgeitlikeamanandsayyoudidn’tmeanto.Alwaysavoidviolence.Inthisageofcharityandkindliness,thetimehasgonebyforviolence.KeytoAdditionalWorkIdiomStudies1.laugheditoutofcourt2.onthetown3.talkshop4.playedbothsidesofthestreet5.turnedthecorner6.museumpiece7.comedownintheworld8.knowtheirplace9.themanintheetothewrongshopII.VocabularyExpansion1.B2.C3.B4.C5.D6.A7.B8.D9.A10.CUnitNineIII.VocabularyA1.elicit2.denigrate3.undermine4.baldly5.elude6.couch7.apt8.derogatory9.conferredon10.scatterbrainedB1.fuzzily2.outright3.left-handed4.exclusive5.requisite6.Tentative7.frivolous8.perilous9.discarded10inanimateC1.D2.D3.B4.C5.D6.A7.C8.B9.C10.AIV.Cloze1.native2.regularly3.second4.number5.Tongues6.among7.as8.over9.official10.throughout11.Of12.where13.taught14.study15.Alternative16.widespread17.with18.spreading19.around20.itV.TranslationA.“女性的語言”，就是我們還是小姑娘時(shí)所學(xué)的那種悅耳、委婉、從不盛氣凌人的談話方式。文化偏見造就了允許我們講的那種話，允許我們談?wù)摰哪切┰掝}，以及別人談?wù)撐覀兯捎玫姆绞?。學(xué)完語言課程之后，我們走向社會(huì)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在交際方面存在嚴(yán)重缺陷——我們這樣說不行，不這樣說也不行。如果我們說話不肯“如淑女般”，就會(huì)因缺乏女人味而遭到嘲諷和批評(píng)。（“她思考問題像個(gè)男人”充其量只是一種言不由衷的恭維。）如果我們真的學(xué)會(huì)了所有模棱兩可又明確表達(dá)自己觀點(diǎn)的女性使用的語言，又會(huì)遭到冷嘲熱諷，說我們思路不清，不能參與重要討論，因而不適合掌權(quán)。女性無須承受如此之多非議，就已開始覺得自己理應(yīng)受到這般待遇，因?yàn)樗齻儽旧碓谥橇退芙逃矫娲嬖谥S多缺陷?！芭缘恼Z言”體現(xiàn)在英語的各個(gè)層面中。比如，在命名顏色方面，人們助長(zhǎng)并聽任女性區(qū)分各種顏色比男性更為精確。像“mauve（深紫色）、beige（米黃色）、lavender（淡紫色）”等這些詞，在女性的常用詞匯中已司空見慣，而在大多男性的常用詞匯中卻極為匱乏。我無法考證女性是否確實(shí)比男性更能“識(shí)別”多種顏色。這僅僅是因?yàn)槿绱思?xì)微的區(qū)分與女性使用的詞匯有關(guān)，而與男性使用的詞匯卻無關(guān)；對(duì)于掌管世間眾多趣事的男性而言，如此區(qū)分顏色微不足道——與他們毫無相干。B.Menandwomenseldommeanthesamethingsevenwhentheyusethesamewords.Forexample,whenawomansays“Ifeellikeyouneverlisten,”shedoesnotexpectthewordnevertobetakenliterally.Usingthewordneverisjustawayofexpressingthefrustrationsheisfeelingatthemoment.Itisnottobetakenasifitwerefactualinformation.Tofullyexpresstheirfeelings,womenassumepoeticlicenseandusevarioussuperlatives,metaphors,andgeneralizations.Menmistakenlytaketheseexpressionsliterally.Becausetheymisunderstandtheintendedmeaning,theycommonlyreactinanunsupportivemanner.Whileoneofthebigchallengesformeniscorrectlytointerpretandsupportawomanwhensheistalkingaboutherfeelings,thebiggestchallengeforwomeniscorrectlytointerpretandsupportamanwhenheisn’ttalking.Silenceismosteasilymisinterpretedbywomen.Shemayimaginetheveryworseandbecomeinsecure.Butthefactisthatmenandwomenthinkandprocessinformationverydifferently.Womenthinkoutloud,sharingtheirprocessofinnerdiscoverywithaninterestedlistener,whilemensilentlymulloverwhattheyhaveheardorexperiencedbeforetheytalkorrespond.Thisprocesscouldtakefromminutestohours.Andtomakemattersevenmoreconfusingforwomen,ifhedoesnothaveenoughinformationtoprocessananswer,amanmaynotrespondatall.KeytoAdditionalWorkI.IdiomStudies1.toilingandmoiling2.firstandlast3.forgiveandforget4.haleandheartyn5.nullandvoid6.deadandburied7.spickandspan8.fewandfar