英文藥品說(shuō)明指導(dǎo)書結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)介

英文藥品說(shuō)明書結(jié)構(gòu)介紹一、英文說(shuō)明書介紹“藥品說(shuō)明書”英文表示方法：InstructionsDirectionsDescriptionLeafletDataSheetsPackageInsert現(xiàn)多用PackageInsert，或簡(jiǎn)稱Insert。Insert原意為“插入物，插頁(yè)”。藥品說(shuō)明書即為附在每種藥品包裝盒中用藥說(shuō)明。經(jīng)過(guò)注冊(cè)進(jìn)口藥品通常是國(guó)家認(rèn)可有效藥品，其說(shuō)明書是指導(dǎo)醫(yī)生和患者合理用藥關(guān)鍵依據(jù)，含有一定法律效力。說(shuō)明書繁簡(jiǎn)難易不一樣。短者僅百余詞，長(zhǎng)者可達(dá)上萬(wàn)詞。較簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明書僅介紹成份、適應(yīng)癥、禁忌癥、使用方法和用量等內(nèi)容；較詳盡說(shuō)明書中除上述內(nèi)容外還包含：藥品性狀、藥理作用、臨床藥理、臨床前動(dòng)物試驗(yàn)、臨床經(jīng)驗(yàn)、藥代動(dòng)力學(xué)、莊意事項(xiàng)、不良反應(yīng)或副作用、用藥過(guò)量、藥品相互作用、警告、使用期、包裝、貯存條件、患者須知及參考文件等很多項(xiàng)目。大多數(shù)英文說(shuō)明書全部包含以下內(nèi)容：藥品名稱DrugName性狀Description藥理作用PharmacologicalActions適應(yīng)癥Indications禁忌癥Contraindications用量和使用方法DosageandAdministration不良反應(yīng)AdverseReactions注意事項(xiàng)Precautions包裝Package貯藏Storage其它項(xiàng)目Others完整FDA說(shuō)明書通常包含：【尤其警示】Warning【臨床應(yīng)用】IndicationsandUsage【使用方法和用量】DosageandAdministration【制劑和規(guī)格】DosageformsandStrengths【禁忌癥】Contraindications【注意事項(xiàng)】WarningsandPrecautions【不良反應(yīng)】AdverseReactions【藥品相互作用】DrugInteractions【特殊人群】UseinSpecificPopulations藥品濫用依靠性DrugabuseandDependence【藥品過(guò)量】Overdosage性狀Description臨床藥理學(xué)ClinicalPharmacology非臨床毒理學(xué)NonclinicalToxicology臨床研究ClinicalStudies【貯藏】Howsupplied/storageandHandlingPatientCounselingInformationMedicationGuide二、藥品名稱-DrugName常見(jiàn)藥品名稱有商品名、通用名和化學(xué)名，其中最常見(jiàn)是商品名。有時(shí)同一個(gè)藥品，不一樣廠家使用不一樣商品名稱。商品名-TradeName，ProprietaryName通用名-GenericName化學(xué)名-ChemicalName藥品說(shuō)明書中標(biāo)題藥名用其商品名。有時(shí)在其右上角(或在上角)有一(R)標(biāo)識(shí)，比如ADRIBLASTNA(R)(阿霉素)?！癛”是Register(注冊(cè))縮寫，表示表示該產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)本國(guó)相關(guān)部門核準(zhǔn)，取得了此項(xiàng)專用注冊(cè)商標(biāo)(RegisteredTradeMark)。藥品名稱翻譯可采取音譯、意譯、音意合譯及諧音譯意等方法：1、音譯：按英文藥品名讀音譯成相同或相近漢語(yǔ)。如Tamoxitn它莫西芬，Ritalin利她林。音譯較為方便，但不能表意。2、意譯：按藥品名稱所表示含意譯成對(duì)應(yīng)漢語(yǔ)。如cholicAcid膽酸，Tetracyline四環(huán)素。也可按其藥理作用翻譯，如Minidiab滅糖尿(診療糖尿病藥品)，Natulan療治癌(細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)抑制劑)。3、音意合譯：藥品名稱中一部分采取音譯，另一部分采取意譯，如Coumadin香豆定(coumarin香豆素)，Neo-Octin新握克丁(neo-新)；Medemycin麥迪霉素(－mycin霉素)，Cathinone卡西酮(－one酮)。4、諧音譯意：以音譯為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，選擇諧音漢字，既表音，又表意，音意結(jié)合。比如：Antrenyl安胄靈，Doriden多睡丹，Legalon利肝隆，Webilin胃必靈商品名稱能夠這么翻洋，而法定名稱則要求不能夠這么翻譯。藥品化學(xué)名稱反應(yīng)出該藥品化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)組成成份，可借助英漢化學(xué)化工詞典進(jìn)行翻譯。假如名稱很長(zhǎng)，能夠分解開(kāi)來(lái)，分別查出各個(gè)組成部分名稱，組合而成。比如：Catalin(卡她林)化學(xué)名稱是1－Hvdroxy-5－oxo-5H－pyrido(3，2－a)－Phenoxazine－3-carboxylicacid,譯成漢語(yǔ)是1-羥基－5－氧－5H－吡啶開(kāi)(3，2－a)吩嗪－3－羧酸。為了統(tǒng)一藥品名稱譯名，衛(wèi)生部藥典委員會(huì)已確定出原料藥和輔料命名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，并刊行了《藥名詞匯》一書，可供翻譯英文藥品名稱時(shí)參考。常見(jiàn)酸、堿、鹽、基因、化合物英文名稱，和常見(jiàn)前綴、后綴以下：chloride氯化物sulfate(sulphate)硫酸鹽hydrochloric鹽酸acetyl乙?；鵤mino氨基di－二neo-新－mycin霉素dihydro-二氫nitro-硝基－ester酯－lactone內(nèi)酯－one酮－oxide氧化物－urea脲三、性狀-Description很多藥品說(shuō)明書第一項(xiàng)是Description(性狀)，其原意是“敘述”、“描寫”，在藥品說(shuō)明書及藥典中通常全部譯為“性狀”，其內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵是介紹外觀、理化性質(zhì)、組成成份、結(jié)構(gòu)、特征等。這一項(xiàng)最常見(jiàn)標(biāo)題是Description，另外還可能有其它表示法如：化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)ChemicalStructure成份Composition理化性質(zhì)PhysicalandChemicalProperties3.1本項(xiàng)中常見(jiàn)句型【例1】Folicacidisayellowishtoorange,crystallinepowder;odourlessoralmostodourless葉酸是淡黃色至橙色結(jié)晶粉沫，無(wú)臭或幾乎無(wú)臭?！纠?】Intralipos10%isawhiteopaquefatemulsionforintravenousinjection,containing10W/V%ofpurifiedsoybeanoil脂肪乳劑(10%)是白色，不透明，供靜脈注射用脂肪乳劑，含有10%(W/V)精制大豆油。【例3】UrsosanTablet50mgisawhiteplaintabletwhichcontains50mgofursodesoxycholicacid熊去氧膽酸片為白色素片，每片含50mg熊去氧膽酸?！纠?】Sterilepyrogen-free,orangered,freeze-driedpowderinvialscontaining10mgand50mgofdoxorubicinhydrochloridewithlactose(本品)為小瓶裝，滅菌無(wú)熱原，桔紅色凍干粉沫，每小瓶含有10mg或50mg阿霉素鹽酸鹽和乳糖。【例5】Itoccursasawhitetooff-white,crystallinesolid,poorlysolubleinwater,diluteacidandmostorganicsolvents本品(炎痛息康)為白色至類白色結(jié)晶固體，難溶于水、稀酸及大多數(shù)有機(jī)溶劑中。3.2本項(xiàng)中常見(jiàn)詞語(yǔ)1、表示組成、制備詞及短語(yǔ)，如：bederivedfrom由……衍生consistof由……組成beobtained制得contain含有bepreparedfrom由……制備have(possess)有(含有)2、表示性質(zhì)部分詞類，如：colo(u)r顏色stable穩(wěn)定taste味道m(xù)olecularformular分子式odo(u)rless無(wú)臭molecularweight分子量crystalline結(jié)晶structure結(jié)構(gòu)solubility溶解度injection注射劑insoluble不溶solution溶液odo(u)r氣味tablets片劑colo(u)rless無(wú)色derivative衍生物tasteless無(wú)味liquid液體sterile無(wú)菌powder粉沫soluble可溶solid固體四、藥理作用-PharmacologicalActions有些說(shuō)明書較具體地介紹藥品藥理作用(PharmacologicalActions)。其內(nèi)容關(guān)鍵包含藥理作用、臨床藥理(ClinicalParmacology)、體外試驗(yàn)(invitroexperiments)、藥品代謝(Metabolism)、藥效(Potency)及毒性(Toxicity)等。這一項(xiàng)常見(jiàn)標(biāo)題是：藥理作用PharmacologicalAction藥理性質(zhì)PharmacologicalProperties藥理學(xué)Pharmacology臨床藥理ClinicalPharmacology其它表示方法還有：作用Actions作用和性質(zhì)ActionsandProperties臨床效果(用途)ClinicalEffect(Use)作用機(jī)理MechanismofAction作用方法ModeofAction假如藥品一個(gè)抗生素，可能出現(xiàn)：生物活性BiologicalAction微生物學(xué)Microbiology這一項(xiàng)目中包含詞匯范圍包含藥理學(xué)、生理學(xué)、化學(xué)、毒理學(xué)、微生物學(xué)及醫(yī)學(xué)等學(xué)科，專業(yè)詞匯多，是較難閱讀一部分內(nèi)容，閱讀時(shí)可參閱《英漢醫(yī)學(xué)詞匯》、《英漢微生物學(xué)詞匯》及《英漢化學(xué)化工詞匯》等工具書。另外，還會(huì)碰到很多縮寫詞，如：CNS(中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng))、EEG(腦電圖)、LD50(半數(shù)致死劑量)、ECG(心電圖)等，這些縮寫詞可在英漢醫(yī)學(xué)縮略語(yǔ)詞典中查到。CNS-中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)-centralnervoussystemEEG-腦電圖描記器-electroencephalo-graphECG-心電圖-ElectrocardiographLD50半數(shù)致死劑量-LethalDose50test4.1常見(jiàn)句型舉例【例1】Meanpeekserumconcentrationsoftobramycinoccurbetween30andabout60minutesafterintramuscularadministration肌注后約30~50分鐘之間妥布毒素平均血藥濃度達(dá)成高峰?！纠?】NembutalSodiumexertsadepressantactionontheCNSandsharesthesedative-hypnoticactionstypicalofthebarbiturates戊巴比妥鈉對(duì)中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生抑制作用，并顯示戊巴比妥類特有鎮(zhèn)靜催眠作用?！纠?】Inclinicaltrialsthedrugwasshowntobehighlyeffectinveinimprovingandnormalizingthealteratedcerebralcirculationandthosedisordersrelatedtoinsufficientarterialflowinthelimbs臨床試驗(yàn)證實(shí)，本品療效高，可改善已改變了腦循環(huán)，使之恢復(fù)正常，診療和四肢動(dòng)脈血流不暢相關(guān)疾病。【例4】Orbeninisstabletostaphylococcalpenicillinase,andhighlyeffectiveagainstresistantstaphylococciItisbactericidal,acid-stableandwellabsorbedbyeithertheoralortheintramuscularroute全霉林對(duì)葡萄球菌青霉素酶穩(wěn)定，對(duì)耐藥葡萄球菌十分有效。本品具殺菌、耐酸作用，且口服或肌注吸收良好?！纠?】Nystainhasbeenfoundtoinhibitthegrowthofyeastlikefloraintheintestinaltract已查明制霉菌素在腸道內(nèi)可抑制菌叢類酵母菌生長(zhǎng)。4.2常見(jiàn)詞及短語(yǔ)舉例1、動(dòng)詞absorb吸收act作用cause(becauseby)引發(fā)(由……引發(fā))demonstrate顯示exert(actionon)起……作用exhibit顯示inhibit抑制accumulate積蓄administrate投藥excrete排泄resultin造成indicate表明maintain維持produce產(chǎn)生protect(from)保護(hù)(不變)reach達(dá)成show顯示，表明treat診療metabolize代謝promote促進(jìn)prevent阻止，預(yù)防tolerate耐受2、形容詞(be)active(effective)against對(duì)…有效(be)relatedto和……相關(guān)(be)sensitiveto對(duì)……敏感resistantto……有耐藥性average平均minimum最低(小)maximum最高(大)normal正常3、名詞ability能力activity活性distribution分布excretion排泄action作用clearance廓清率effecton對(duì)…作用function功效，作用halflife半衰期invitro體外kidney腎mechanism機(jī)理serumconcentration血清濃度tolerance耐受性infection感染invivo體內(nèi)level水平，濃度plasmlever血漿濃度(水平)toxicity毒性五、適應(yīng)癥-Indications“適應(yīng)癥”最常見(jiàn)有以下多個(gè)表示方法：適應(yīng)癥Indications適應(yīng)癥和用途IndicationsandUsage關(guān)鍵適應(yīng)癥Major(Principal)Indications用途Uses作用和用途ActionandUse本項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)頻率最高是疾病名稱和微生物(尤其是致病菌)名稱，如：anginapectoris心絞痛cancer癌diabetes(mellitus)糖尿病hypertension高血壓virus病毒Ecoli大腸桿菌gram-positivemicroorganisms(bacteria)革蘭氏陽(yáng)性菌gram－negativemcroorgansms(bacteria)革蘭氏陰性菌5.1常見(jiàn)句型本項(xiàng)是說(shuō)明書關(guān)鍵，從句子結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)分析，大致有以下多個(gè)類型。1、不完全句結(jié)構(gòu)．僅列出疾病或微生物名稱如：【例1】Anginapectoris,Prinzmetal'sangina,hypertension心絞痛，變異性心絞痛，高血壓?！纠?】Thefollowingdiseasescausedbybacteriaincludinggram－positiveandgram－negativebacteriasuchasStaphylococcus，Streptcoccus,Escherichiacoli,Klebsiellapneumoniae……用于診療由革蘭氏陽(yáng)性和革蘭氏陰性細(xì)菌，如葡萄球菌、鏈球菌。大腸桿菌、肺炎桿菌引發(fā)下列疾病。2、由For(或In等)引出短語(yǔ)，比如：【例3】Forpreventionoftheadvanceofcataract用于預(yù)防白內(nèi)障進(jìn)展?！纠?】Inthetreatmentofallformsofpulmonarytubercuosisinassociationwithotherantituberculardrugs和其它抗結(jié)核藥配伍，診療多種類型肺結(jié)核。3、To+動(dòng)詞原形組成短語(yǔ)，如：【例5】Topreventtheformationofurinarycalculi，especiallyincaseswheretheytendtorecur用于預(yù)防尿路，尤其是易發(fā)部位結(jié)石形成?！纠?】Toprotectthelivercellduringadministrationofdrugshazardoustotheliver．在服用對(duì)肝臟有危害藥品期間，用以保護(hù)肝細(xì)胞。4、完整句子結(jié)構(gòu)或段落，有時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)很復(fù)雜；【例7】AmikacinisusefulinthetreatmentofinfectionsfromGram－negativesensitivespecies，thereincludedthePseudomonasspecies；itmayalsobeusefultotreatinfectionscausedbysensitivestaphylococci,阿米卡星可用于診療革蘭氏陽(yáng)性敏感菌(其中包含假單孢菌)引發(fā)感染，也可用于診療敏感葡萄球菌引發(fā)感染。醫(yī)學(xué)全在線提供【例8】Nebcinisindicatedforthetreatmentofthefollowinginfectionscausedbysusceptiblemicroorganisms：乃柏欣適適用于診療下列由敏感細(xì)菌引發(fā)感染【例9】OctinumDhasprovedeffectiveintheprophylaxisandtherapyofdisordersarisingfromspasmofthesmoothmusculature新握克了已證實(shí)對(duì)平滑肌痙攣引發(fā)病癥有預(yù)防和診療作用?！纠?0】Concomitanttherapywithothercalciumantagonists,antihypertensivesandalcoholmaypotentiatethehypotensiveactionofthedrug和其它鈣桔抗劑、抗高血壓藥品及酒精飲料同時(shí)使用，會(huì)增強(qiáng)本品降低血壓作用。5.2本項(xiàng)中常見(jiàn)詞及短語(yǔ)舉例很多常見(jiàn)詞及疾病名、微生物名詞等和“藥理作用”項(xiàng)類同，另外還有以下詞組和短語(yǔ)(例句參見(jiàn)前文)。beactiveagainst對(duì)……有效beintendedto…適適用于……beadministaredin…適適用于…beofvalueof…適適用于……beeffectivein(for，against)…對(duì)…有效berecommendedfor推薦用于……beemployedto…用于……beusedto(for，as)…用于……behelpfulin…用于……beusefulin…用于……beindicatedin(for)…適適用于…for(in)thetreatment(management)of…用于診療(控制)表示和“其它藥品適用”結(jié)構(gòu)有：beassociatedwithinassociationwithbecombinedwithincombinationwithbecompatiblewithinconnjunctionwithconcomitantwithtogetherwith六、禁忌癥-Contraindications本項(xiàng)中最常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)表示法是Contraindications，也有用RestrictionsonUse(用藥限制)。6.1本項(xiàng)中包含到禁用(或慎用)一些藥品患者或某種特殊情況，比如：1、孕婦、妊娠期或哺乳期，幼童等：pregnantwoman孕婦lactation哺乳期inpregnancy妊娠期childrenunder…yearsofage…歲以下兒童thefirsttrimesterofpregnancy妊娠早期2、患有一些疾病或過(guò)敏患者，如：allergic(hypersensitive)to…對(duì)…過(guò)敏allergic(anaphylactic)reaction過(guò)敏反應(yīng)allegy(hypersensitivity)to…對(duì)…過(guò)敏patientswith…(who…)患有…患者6.2本項(xiàng)中常出現(xiàn)部分疾病名稱，比如：cardiacfailure心力衰竭h(yuǎn)ypertension高血壓cardiacinsufficiency心功效不全renalinsufficiency腎功效不全severehypotension嚴(yán)重低血壓impairmentofkidney腎功效損傷diabetes糖尿病liver(hepatic)damage肝損傷severeanemia嚴(yán)重貧血6.3常見(jiàn)句型1、省略句型，只列出禁忌對(duì)象或疾病名稱等?！纠?】Pregnacy,allergytomethotrexate,functionaldisordersofliverandkidneys,diseasesofthehaematopoieticsystem(bonemarrowhypoplasia,leucopenia,thrombocy-topenia,anaemia),intectiousdiseases,ulcersoftheoralcavityandthegastrointestinaltract,recentoperationwounds孕期，對(duì)氨甲葉酸過(guò)敏，肝、腎功效障礙，血液系統(tǒng)疾病(骨髓機(jī)能減退、白細(xì)胞及血小板降低、貧血)，傳染病，口腔及胃潰瘍，近期術(shù)后傷口等忌用?！纠?】Hypersensitivitytoquinoiones,severerenalinsufficiency對(duì)喹喏酮類過(guò)敏，嚴(yán)重腎功效不全。2、完整句子或段落。其中常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu)有：contraindicationsare…禁忌癥是…becontraindicatedin(for)…對(duì)…禁忌shouldnotbeused(employed)in…不得用于…Itisadvisabletoavoidtheuseof…提議不用于…mustnotbeadministered(given)to…對(duì)…不得用藥shouldbeusedwithcaution慎用benotrecommendedfor…最好不用于…nonereported未見(jiàn)報(bào)道notknown不清楚【例3】Cetazolinsodiumiscontraindicatedinpatientswithknownhypersensitivitytocephalosporingroupofantibiotics先鋒5號(hào)禁用于已知對(duì)頭孢菌素類抗生素過(guò)敏患者?！纠?】ItisadvisabletoavoidtheuseofAraminewithcyclo-propaneorhalothaneanesthesia,unlessclinicalcircumstancesdemandsuchuse假如不是臨床需要，提議本品不要和環(huán)丙烷或氟溴氯乙烷麻醉劑適用?！纠?】DonottakeBenemidifprioradministrationresultedinhypersensitivityBenemidisnotrecommendedforpersonswithknowndisordersofthebloodoruricacidkidneystonesDonotgiveBenemidtochildrenundertwoyearsofage若以前使用丙磺舒曾引發(fā)過(guò)敏反應(yīng)，則應(yīng)禁用。已知有血液疾患及尿酸性腎結(jié)石患者提議不要使用本品，二歲以下兒童不得服用。【例6】Phenothiazinecompoundsshouldnotbeusedinpatientsreceivinglargedosesofhypnotics,andshouldbeused,withcautioninpatientswithahistoryofconvulssivedisorders,sincegrandmalconvulsionshavebeenknowntooccur接收大劑量安眠藥患者不應(yīng)使用吩噻嗪化合物，對(duì)有驚厥病史患者應(yīng)慎用，因?yàn)橐阎邪l(fā)生過(guò)癲癇大發(fā)作?！纠?】Ursosanshouldnotbegiventopatientssufferingfromfulminanthepatitisandbileductobstruction暴發(fā)性肝炎及膽管阻塞患者禁用熊去氧膽酸?！纠?】Thisproductiscontraindicatedinthosepatientswhohaveshownhypersensitivitytoitunless,intheopinionofthephysician,theconditionrequiringtreatmentislifethreateningandamenableonlytoamphotencinBtherapy除非依據(jù)醫(yī)生意見(jiàn)，認(rèn)為需要診療患者病情危及生命，而且只有兩性霉素診療才可能使其有所改善之外，對(duì)本品過(guò)敏患者禁用本品?！纠?】Childrenunder5yearsofageshouldnotbetreatedwithAntistine5歲以下兒童禁用敵胺?！纠?0】TheuseofAlexaninnursingmothersisnotrecommended哺乳期婦女最好不用愛(ài)力生。6.4在Restrictionsonuse項(xiàng)目中有時(shí)還有小標(biāo)題Contraindications禁忌癥Precautions(Note)注意事項(xiàng)Warning警告PregnancyandLactation妊娠和哺乳七、使用方法和用量-DosageandAdministration本項(xiàng)最常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)表示法有：DosageandAdministration使用方法和用量RouteofAdministration給藥路徑(使用方法)Administration使用方法DirectionforUse使用方法Methodof(for)Administration使用方法ApplicationandDosage使用方法和用(劑)量ModeofApplication使用方法Dosage用(劑)量HowtoUse使用方法Posology劑量學(xué)1、常見(jiàn)表示劑量術(shù)語(yǔ)averagedose平均劑量minimal(minimum)dose最小有效量dailydose日劑量(一日量)multipledose多劑量divideddose分次劑量overdosage(overdose)過(guò)量fatal(lethal)dose致死量singledose一次劑量indicateddose有效劑量standarddose標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(適宜)劑量initial(beginning,starting)dose首次量suggested(recommended)dose推薦劑量maintenancedose維持量therapeuticdose診療劑量maximumdose最大劑量(極量)usual(normal)dose常見(jiàn)劑量2、常見(jiàn)劑量單位表示法g=gram克l=liter(litre)升mg=milligram毫克ml=milliliter毫升kg=kilogram千克cc毫升mcg=microgram微克IU=internationalunit國(guó)際單位ug微克bodyweight體重persquaremeterofbodysurface每平方米體表面積3、每次給藥次數(shù)表示方法daily(perday,aday,everyday)每日every…h(huán)ours每隔…小時(shí)intervatsof…每隔…once(twice)daily(aday)每日一(二)次everyotherday每隔一日threetimesaday(daily)每日三次threetimesaweek每七天三次once(twice)aweek(weekly)每七天一(二)次Dividedinto…doses分…次intwoorthreedivideddoses分為二或三次(個(gè)劑量)【例1】Unlessotherwiseprescribedbythephysician,theaveragedailydoseis1capsule3timesdaily假如醫(yī)生不另開(kāi)處方，平均日劑量為每日3次、每次1個(gè)膠襄。【例2】Thesuggesteddoseis10to15mgperkgdodyweightdailyin3-4divideddosesorally,takenwithmeets日劑量最好每千克體重10-15mg，分3-4次口服，和食物共服?！纠?】Theinitialdosagerecommendedis1/2tabletofMadopa250threetimesdaily開(kāi)始劑量最好為每日3次，每次半片美多巴250?！纠?】Children:Theusualdoseis50to100mg/kg/daytotal,giveninfourequallydividedandspaceddoses兒童：常見(jiàn)總劑量為每日50-100mg/kg體重，均分為四等份，等間隔給藥?！纠?】Therecommendedstartingdoseis20mggivenasasingledailydose推薦首劑量為每20mg，一次服用。4、給藥對(duì)象：最常見(jiàn)用詞有adolescents青少年intant(s)幼兒adult(s)成年人male男性baby(babies)嬰兒newbornbaby(babies)新生兒children(child)兒童patient(s)患者，病人debilitatedpatients體弱患者pediatric兒科elderlypatient(s)老年患者pregnantwomen孕婦female女性senilepatient(s)老年患者(病人)5、給藥方法表示法：多用副詞成或介詞短語(yǔ)表示，比如：intra-arterially靜脈內(nèi)給藥bymouth(OS)口服intragluteally臀肌內(nèi)給藥byphleboclysis靜脈輸液intramuscularly肌內(nèi)給藥byintramuscular(IM)injection肌肉注射intraperitoneally腹(膜)腔內(nèi)給藥byintravenous(IV)injection靜脈注射intrapleurally胸(膜)腔內(nèi)給藥bytheintra-articataradministration關(guān)節(jié)內(nèi)給藥intrathecally鞘內(nèi)給藥bytheintramuscularadministration(route)肌內(nèi)給藥intravenously靜脈內(nèi)給藥bytheintranasalroute鼻內(nèi)給藥locally局部給藥orally口服給藥parenterally腸道外給藥bytheintraperitonealadministration腹(膜)腔內(nèi)給藥subconjuntivally結(jié)膜下給藥bytheintravenousinfusion(perfusion)靜脈輸注subcutaneously皮下給藥sublingually舌下給藥submucously粘膜下給藥bytheintrathecaladministration鞘內(nèi)給藥byaerosol噴霧給藥bythesubligualadministration舌下給藥bydripphleboclysis點(diǎn)滴靜脈輸液perrectum直腸給藥byenema灌腸pervaginum陰道給藥bylumbar腰椎給藥prorecto直腸給藥另外還有很多其它表示法，不一一列舉。6、表示“投藥”常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞administer(beadministered、give、begiven、indicate、beindicated)給藥、投藥use(beused、employ、beemployed)用藥recommend(berecommended、suggest、besuggested)推薦給藥7、表示不一樣用藥方法動(dòng)詞：take服用inhale吸入applyto用于、涂于、敷于spray噴霧inject注射swallow吞服【例6】therecommendedsingledoseis1ampoule,givensubcutaneously,intramuscularlyorintravenously提議一次劑量為1安瓶，皮下肌肉或靜脈注射給藥?！纠?】IMinjectionsshouldbeadministeredintheamountof25-50mgdailyperkiloofbodyweight,subdividedintoinjectionsevery6-8-12hours肌肉注射：每日每千克體重給藥25-50mg，每6-8-12小時(shí)一次?！纠?】Foradultsgiveintramuscularinjectionof400to600mgperdayin2-3divideddosesForintantsgiveintramuscularinjectionof10-20mg/kgperdayintwodivideddoses成年人：肌肉注射，每日400-600mg，分2-3次注射；嬰兒：肌肉注射，每日10-20mg/kg體重，分2次注射?！纠?】Thetablets(orthesyrup)aretobetakenduringorafteramealwithalittleliquid片劑(或糖漿)應(yīng)于食間或飯后用少許液體送服?！纠?0】ApplytheNitro-DursystemfirmlytotheskinsurfaceTheNitro-Dursystemmaybeappliedtoanyconvenientskinarea,arecommendedsideofapplicationisthearmorchest把護(hù)心貼片緊貼在皮膚表面，護(hù)心貼片可貼在任何方便皮膚區(qū)域，最好是貼在手臂或胸部。8、其它短語(yǔ)或句型，比如：accordingto依據(jù)beadjusted調(diào)整dependon依據(jù)adaptto適合，修改onthebasisof在…基礎(chǔ)上varyfromto改變范圍由…至…，因…而異rangefrom…to…改變范圍由…至…itisadvisableto(itisrecommendedto、itissuggestedto)提議【例12】Dosageshouldbeadaptedtopatientsindividually,onthebasisofperiodictestsofglycosuriaandbloodsugar在周期性檢驗(yàn)?zāi)蛱呛脱腔A(chǔ)上，調(diào)整劑量，使之適適用于不一樣患者?！纠?3】Itsiadvisabletoinitiatetherapywithmassivedoses:3x2tabletsdailyaftermealsover2-4days提議開(kāi)始診療時(shí)采取大劑量，每日劑量為3x2片，飯后服用，連續(xù)2-4日。【例14】Inseverschroniccases,treatmentisstartedwithdaily1to2ampoulesofBilocidandcontinusedwithoneampouleeveryotherday,injectedslowlybytheintravenousroute診療嚴(yán)重慢性疾病時(shí)，診療從每日1-2支利膽素注射劑開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)診療時(shí)每隔一日1安瓶緩慢靜脈注射?！纠?5】Thenumberofinjectionsrequiredmayvaryfromfrompatienttopatient所需注射次數(shù)因患者而異。八、不良反應(yīng)-AdverseReactions不良反應(yīng)這一項(xiàng)中包含藥品副作用、癥狀及體征、毒性作用及耐受力、過(guò)敏反應(yīng)、停藥等。1、不良反應(yīng)”常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)表示法有：AdverseReaction(s)Unwanted(Untoward)Reaction(s)2、副作用”常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)表示法有：Side-effect(s)Unwanted(Undesirable)EffectsSideReaction(s)By-effects3、常見(jiàn)癥狀及體征表述詞語(yǔ)：allergy(hypersensitivity)過(guò)敏gastrointestinaltract胃腸道localreaction(s)局部反應(yīng)skinreaction(s)皮膚反應(yīng)symptom(s)癥狀systematic全身pruritus瘙癢bloodcount白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)spasm痙攣bloodpressure血壓thirst口渴coma昏迷tiredness疲憊whitepatchesinmouth口腔白斑fever發(fā)燒chills寒戰(zhàn)nausea惡心hives蕁麻疹dizziness頭暈fainting暈厥drowsiness嗜睡flushing面部潮紅headache頭痛bruising瘀斑weakness虛弱/乏力vomiting嘔吐diarrhea腹瀉anorexia厭食oedema水腫fatigue疲憊palpitations心悸sweats發(fā)汗insomnia失眠rash皮疹drymouth口干skinrash皮疹nightsweats盜汗acutepain急性疼痛severepain激痛dullpain鈍痛pressingpain壓痛sharppain刺痛piercingpain戳痛tearingpain裂痛flankpain脅腹痛chestpain胸痛cloudyurine尿混濁bloodyurine血尿inabilitytourinate無(wú)尿highfever高熱、高燒lowbackpain腰痛light-headedness眩暈irregularpulse不規(guī)則脈搏shortnessofbreath氣促difficultyinbreathing呼吸困難sorethroat咽喉痛racingthoughts思維奔逸skippingbeats心臟漏搏lossofvision、visualloss視力喪失purplespotsundertheskin皮下瘀斑palestools大便顏色變淺lossofappetite食欲缺乏(或減退)orthostatichypotension直立性低血壓painbehindbreastbone胸骨后疼痛lossofvision、diminutionofvision視力減退darkeningofurine、darkurine尿色變深signsofsuperinfection二重感染癥狀black"furry"tongue黑毛舌l(xiāng)oose，foul-smellingstools稀便或惡臭便yellowingofskinoreyes皮膚和鞏膜黃染vaginalitchingordischarge陰道瘙癢或分泌物異常beatingveryfastorveryslowly心動(dòng)過(guò)速或過(guò)緩providerpoundinginthechest、heartpounding心跳加速pain,redness,orswellingatinjectionsite注射部位疼痛、發(fā)紅或腫脹4、“霉性”、“耐受性”英語(yǔ)表示法：toxicity毒性tolerance(tolerability)耐受力，耐藥性tolerate(toleration)耐受5、“停藥”英語(yǔ)表示法舉例：abandon停藥discontinue停藥discontinuance,discontinuation中止(診療)cease(cessation)(stop)停藥(停止診療)don'tuse勿使用(停藥)suspend停藥terminate停止，結(jié)束withdraw(bewithdrawn，withdrawal)停藥6、其它部分常見(jiàn)基礎(chǔ)詞匯及短語(yǔ)：acute急性control(becontrolled)控制chronic慢性diminish(reduce，reduction)降低common常見(jiàn)disappear消失irreversible不可逆encounter碰到，見(jiàn)到mild輕微giveriseto產(chǎn)生normal正常include包含rare(ly)罕見(jiàn)(地)leadto造成reverside可逆manifest表明，顯示severe嚴(yán)重observe(beobserved)(被)觀察到temporary臨時(shí)produce產(chǎn)生transient一過(guò)性，短暫reactto對(duì)……反應(yīng)appear(develop，happen，occur)出現(xiàn)(產(chǎn)生)resultfrom由……引發(fā)bereported(被)報(bào)道resultin造成cause(becausedby)(由……)引發(fā)treat(treatment)診療specialcare(caution)shouldbeexercised尤其小心(注意)【例1】CiprofloxactinisgenerallywelltoleratedThemostfrequentlyreportedadversereactionsare:nausea,diarrhaea,vomiting,dyspepsia,abdominapain,headache,restlessness,rash,dizzinessandpruritus環(huán)丙沙星通常耐受良好。最常報(bào)道副作用有：惡心、腹瀉、嘔吐、消化不良、腹痛、頭痛、不安、皮疹、頭暈及瘙癢?！纠?】Side-effectsarerarewithslow-K,asanyexcesspotassiumisrapidlyexcretedintheurine施樂(lè)凱副作用根罕見(jiàn)，因?yàn)槿魏芜^(guò)量鉀全部快速由尿排出。【例3】Attherecommendeddosageside-effectsegvenousirritatiionorhypersensitivityreactions(cutaneousandmucousreactions)areonlyobservedinisolatedcases用推薦劑量診療時(shí)，僅見(jiàn)部分靜脈刺激或過(guò)敏反應(yīng)(皮膚及粘膜反應(yīng))病例?！纠?】Whenadversereactionsoccur,theyareusuallyreversibleanddisappearwhenthehormoneisdiscontinued當(dāng)不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生時(shí)，它們往往是可逆，停用激素后副作用即消失?！纠?】Themostseriousside-effectisdamagetothebonemarrowBecauseofthis,thewhitebloodcellcountshouldbecontrolledoftenenoughdruingthetreatment最嚴(yán)重副作用是骨髓損害，所以在診療期間，要常常監(jiān)測(cè)白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)?！纠?】Theseunwantedeffectsusuallydisappearspontaneouslyafter7-14daysorfollowingatemporaryreductioninthedosage這些副作用通常在7-14日以后，或臨時(shí)降低劑量便自行消失?！纠?】Withhighdosagecontinuousinfusion(morethan200mg/m2/day)over5to7days,thegastrointestinalcomplicationsaremorepronouncedandcanonoccasionleadtoileusAllsideeffectsarereversibleaftercessationoftherapy大劑量連續(xù)輸注超出5～7日(超出200mg／m2／日)，胃腸道并發(fā)癥更為顯著，偶然可造成腸梗阻。停藥后副作用皆可逆轉(zhuǎn)?！纠?】Insomepatientsnausea，dizziness，andvomitingmayoccurinthefirstdaysoftreatmentbutthetreatmentneednotbediscontinuedforthatInrarecasesadecreaseofbloodpressuremayappearforwhichabloodpressurecheck-upisrecommendedinout-patientsbeforethetreatmentisinitiatedIfside-effectspersist,lowerdosesshouldbeadministered服用本品頭幾天，有些病人可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)惡心、頭暈和嘔吐，但無(wú)須停藥。偶有血壓下降病例，為此，在診療開(kāi)始前提議對(duì)門診患者檢測(cè)血壓。若副作用連續(xù)不消失，應(yīng)降低服用劑量?！纠?】Majoradversereactions(muchlesscommonthantheminoradversereactions)includeinhibitionofmyelopoiesis,drugfeverandhepatitis較重不良反應(yīng)(遠(yuǎn)不及輕度不良反應(yīng)常見(jiàn))包含抑制骨髓細(xì)胞生成，藥品熱及肝炎?！纠?0】Side-effects:Lossofappetiteandnauseaoccurinmostcases,sometimeswithvomitingThesesymptomsareusuallyconfinedtothefirstfewdaysoftreatmentandthentendtodisappear副作用：多數(shù)病例出現(xiàn)食欲減退、惡心，有時(shí)嘔吐。這些癥狀通常發(fā)生在診療最初幾天，以后逐步消失。九、注意事項(xiàng)-Precautions“注意事項(xiàng)”也是藥品說(shuō)明書中關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容之一。為了安全用藥，廠商在本項(xiàng)中尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)注意事項(xiàng)，其中關(guān)鍵包含：正確劑量和使用方法，超出劑量時(shí)應(yīng)急方法，用藥對(duì)象，可能出現(xiàn)較嚴(yán)重副作用及診療方案，藥品配伍，藥液配制、使用及保管等、方面注意事項(xiàng)?，F(xiàn)就本項(xiàng)內(nèi)容具體介紹以下：1本項(xiàng)常見(jiàn)英語(yǔ)表示法：Precaution(s)注意事項(xiàng)Specialnote(caution,precaution)尤其注意Caution(s)注意事項(xiàng)NB注意Noto注意Warning(s)警告有時(shí)也用：Important關(guān)鍵事項(xiàng)Importantforthepatients患者須知2本項(xiàng)中常見(jiàn)檢驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目：bloodcount血細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)Kidney(renal)function腎功效bloodpicture(hemogram)血象Liver(hepatic)function肝功bloodlevel血濃度serumconcentration血清濃度bloodpressure血壓serumcreatininetest血清肌酸酐檢驗(yàn)clottingtime凝血時(shí)間urineroutine(examination)尿常規(guī)creatinineclearance肌酸酐清除率3、本項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)是內(nèi)容長(zhǎng)短不一，有難有易；詞匯量大，包含面廣，現(xiàn)有一般詞匯，也有大量專業(yè)詞匯及編寫詞。很多詞匯、結(jié)構(gòu)和句型可在藥理作用、適應(yīng)癥、禁忌癥、劑量和使用方法、副作用，貯藏等項(xiàng)中見(jiàn)到。從英語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)上分析，句型改變較多，長(zhǎng)句、難句也頻頻出現(xiàn)，是比較難讀一個(gè)項(xiàng)目。【例1】Warningsandprecautions:CiprofloxacinshouldbeusedwithcautioninepilepticsandpatientswithahistoryofCNSdisordersandonlyifthebenefitsoftreatmentareconsideredtooutweighttheriskofpossibleCNSside-effects警告和注意事項(xiàng)：癲癇病人及有中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)病史患者慎用環(huán)丙沙星，僅當(dāng)認(rèn)為療效超出可能產(chǎn)生中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)副作用危險(xiǎn)時(shí)才可使用。【例2】Ciprofloxacincouldresultinimpainnentofthepatientsabilitytodriveoroperatemachinary,particularlyinconjunctionwithalcohol環(huán)丙沙星能損害大家駕駛汽車或操縱機(jī)器能力，尤其是在飲酒以后?！纠?】Warnings:Vepesideshouldbeadministeredunderthesupervisionofaqualifiedphysicainexperiencedintheuseofcancerchemotherapeuticagents警告：泛必治應(yīng)該在使用診療癌癥化療制劑方面有經(jīng)驗(yàn)、有資格醫(yī)生監(jiān)護(hù)下使用?！纠?】Themostseriousriskassociatedwithanticoagulanttherapywithsodiumwarfarinarehemorrhageinanytissueororganandlessfrequently,necrosisand/organgreneofskinandothertissuesTheriskofhermorrhageisrelatedtolevelofintensityandthedurationofanticoagulanttherapy用華注林鈉進(jìn)行抗凝診療產(chǎn)生最嚴(yán)重危險(xiǎn)就是組織或器官出血，和不大常出現(xiàn)皮膚和其它組織壞死和(或)壞疽。出血危險(xiǎn)和抗凝診療藥品濃度(水平)及療程長(zhǎng)短相關(guān)?！纠?】Theoccurrenceofaplateletcountbelow50,000/mm3oranabsoluteneutrophilcountbelow500/mm3isanindicationtowithholdfurthertherapyuntilthebloodcountshavesufficientlyrecovered血小板數(shù)低于s0，000／mm3或絕對(duì)中性白細(xì)胞數(shù)低于500／mm3，表明不能繼續(xù)使用本品診療，待白細(xì)胞計(jì)教充足恢復(fù)后才能繼續(xù)用藥。醫(yī)學(xué)全在線提供【例6】Warfarintherapyshouldbediscontinuedwhenwarfarinissuspectedtobethecauseofdevelopingnecrosisandheparintherapymaybeconsideredforanticoagulation當(dāng)懷疑華法林診療引發(fā)壞死時(shí)，則須停止診療，而且考慮使用肝素診療?！纠?】Dosageshouldbecontrolledbyperiodicdeterminationsofprothrombintime(PT)orothersuitablecoagulationtests必需定時(shí)檢驗(yàn)?zāi)冈瓡r(shí)間(PT)，或做其它對(duì)應(yīng)凝血試驗(yàn)來(lái)控制劑量?！纠?】PleasenoteCerebralconvulsivediseaseisregardedasarelativecontraindicationforexaminationsinthesubarachnoidspaceIfaftercarefulconsideration,theseexaminationsareneverthelessperformed,allequipmentandmedicinesnecessarytocounteranyconvulsionsmayoccurmustbepreparedreadyforusebeforehand請(qǐng)注意：腦驚厥被認(rèn)為相對(duì)嚴(yán)禁進(jìn)行蛛網(wǎng)膜下腔檢驗(yàn)，如經(jīng)謹(jǐn)慎考慮后、仍要進(jìn)行這些檢驗(yàn)時(shí)．必需事先備妥應(yīng)付可能發(fā)生驚厥所需全部設(shè)備和藥品?！纠?】Cautionmustbeexercisedinthecaseofhypersensitivitytoiodinatedcontrastmedia,latenthyperthyroidismandblandnodulargoitre對(duì)碘造影劑過(guò)敏、隱匿性甲狀腺亢進(jìn)和輕微甲狀腺腫病例，應(yīng)慎重?！纠?0】CautionAlcoholintakemayenhancenitrateeffectsandoccasionallyinducehypotensionwithsubsequentimpairmentofreactivityDuringthefirstthreemonthsofpregnancydrugsshouldonlybeusedontheexpressdirectionoftheattendantphysicianIsketsprayshouldnotbestoredattemperaturesabove25。C!Temperaturesabove40℃aretobebeavoided,evenforbriedperiods!Donotforcecanisteropen,evenwhenempty!注意：飲酒可增強(qiáng)硝酸鹽作用、偶然引發(fā)低血壓，繼而損害反應(yīng)力。妊娠三個(gè)月時(shí)，只有在監(jiān)護(hù)醫(yī)生明確指導(dǎo)下才可使用本品。異舒吉噴霧劑貯存溫度不應(yīng)超出25℃！避免超出40℃。即使短時(shí)間也不可！不要用力開(kāi)罐，即使空罐時(shí)也不可用力開(kāi)！勿使兒童接觸本品十、包裝-Package1、“包裝”在英文藥品說(shuō)明書中表示法有很多，最常見(jiàn)是Pack(Package)和Supply，比如：Pack(s)(Packing(s))包裝Supplys(Supplied)包裝Package(s)包裝HowSupplied包裝方法PackingforHospital醫(yī)院用包裝MethodofSupply包裝方法PackageQuantitiess(Quantity)包裝量另外還有，Presentation包裝Hospital(Size)Packs醫(yī)院用包裝Availability包裝TradePacks(Packings)商品包裝Mode(Form)ofIssue包裝2、常見(jiàn)包裝單位(工具)英語(yǔ)表示法：ampoule(s)安瓿carton紙盒blisterpack(package)鋁塑包裝(水泡眼包裝)pack包blisterstrip鋁塑條狀包裝sheet張bottle瓶strip條box盒tube管canist罐vial玻璃小瓶3、藥品常見(jiàn)劑型英語(yǔ)表示法：片劑Tablets膠囊劑Capsules注射劑Injections顆粒劑Granules溶液劑Solution氣霧劑Aerosol噴霧劑Spray軟膏劑Ointment乳膏劑Cream糖漿劑Syrup粉霧劑PowderforInhalation吸入劑Inhalation滴丸劑PillsDrops滴眼劑EyeDrops滴耳劑EarDrops滴鼻劑NasalDrops眼膏劑Eyeointments口服液OralSolution口服乳劑OralEmulsion口服混懸劑OralSuspension口服溶液劑OralSolutions洗劑、沖洗劑 Lotion涂劑、搽劑 Liniment，Paints散劑 Powders丸劑 Pills栓劑 Suppositories乳劑 Emulsion合劑 Mixture糊劑 Paste貼劑 Patch酏劑 Elixir醑劑 Spirit湯劑 Decoction酊劑 Tincture膜劑 Membrane膠劑 Colloid茶劑 MedicinalTeas酒劑 MedicinalWine膏藥 Plaster露劑 AromaticSolution植入劑 Subdermal含潄劑 Garles浸膏劑 Extract凝膠劑 Gelatin煎膏劑 ConcentractedDecoctions軟膠囊劑 SoftCapsules巴布膏劑 Cataplasmata橡膠膏劑 AdhesivePlaster透皮貼劑 Transdermal干混懸劑 DrySuspension芳香水劑 Aromaticwaters流浸膏劑 FluidExtractLiquidExtract貼劑、貼膏劑 Transdermal粉針劑 PowderforInjection凍干粉針劑LyophilizedPowderforInjection小容量注射劑SmallVolumeParenteralSolution大容量注射劑LargeVolumeParenteralSolution造影劑（注射液）ContrastMedia（Injection）原料藥BulkDrug無(wú)菌原料藥SterileBulk中藥飲片PreparedSlicesofChineseCrudeDrugs放射性藥品Radiopharmaceutical血液制品BloodProducts體外診療試劑ExtrinsicDiagnosticTests醫(yī)用氧MedicalOxygen眼科用藥OphthalmicMedications4、本項(xiàng)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)；內(nèi)容結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，多為不完全句，或僅僅列出包裝工具、劑型、裝量等?！纠?】Presentation30capsules包裝：30粒膠囊裝?！纠?】Packages：Boxcontainingone100mgbottle包裝：盒裝，每盒1瓶，每瓶100mg?！纠?】PackingBottleof12capsules250mgand500mg．Bxoof12capsules250mginblisterBottleforpediatriuse(granulated):20gmgranulatedcontain1gmampicillin,Thecontentofthespoonincludedinthepackingcorrespondsto100mgampicillin包裝瓶裝12粒膠囊，每粒含量250或500mg。盒裝12粒膠囊(水泡眼包裝)，每粒含量250mg。瓶裝兒童用顆粒劑：20克顆粒劑每瓶含有1g氨芐青霉素。附在包裝內(nèi)一匙量，相當(dāng)于1O0mg氨芐青霉素。【例4】ModeofissueCeopranIsissuedinvialscontaining250mg,500mgand1gramofcephaloridine包裝方法本品小瓶包裝，內(nèi)裝250mg、500mg及1g頭抱菌素II。【例5】TradepacksTradepackscontaining50and100sugarcoatedtablets商品包裝50及100糖衣片包裝。【例6】Packs(Madopar)250:Cross-scroredtabletseachcontaining200mglevodopa+50mgbenserazide包裝美多巴”250”刻痕片，每片含200mg左族多巴50mg羥芐絲肼。【例7】MethodofsupplyTabletsintubes,eachcontaining30tabletsPaintinglassbottlesof24mlMeladinineissuppliedonlyonprescription包裝方法管裝片劑．每管30片。玻璃瓶裝搽劑，每瓶24ml。敏白靈只按處方供藥?！纠?】AvailabilitySyrup:OrbeninsyrupisavailableinbottlescontainingreconstitutablepowderforpreparinganaqueoussolutionWhendispensedeach5mlteaspoonfulcontains125mgcloxacillinasthesodiumsalt包裝糖漿：全霉林糖漿為瓶裝，內(nèi)含可供再配制水溶液粉末。配制后每茶匙5ml藥液中含125ml鄰氯青霉素鈉鹽，【例9】HowsuppliedTablets:Coumadin(crystallineWartarinSodiumUSP),