IRENA-加快綠色氫部署的國際合作（英）

Supportingthe

INTERNATIONAL

CO-OPERATION

TO

ACCELERATE

GREEN

HYDROGEN

DEPLOYMENT

Abrieffromthe

IRENACollaborativeFramework

onGreenHydrogen

?IRENA2024

Unlessotherwisestated,materialinthispublicationmaybefreelyused,shared,copied,reproduced,printedand/orstored,providedthatappropriateacknowledgementisgivenofIRENAasthesourceandcopyright

holder.Materialinthispublicationthatisattributedtothirdpartiesmaybesubjecttoseparatetermsofuseandrestrictions,andappropriatepermissionsfromthesethirdpartiesmayneedtobesecuredbeforeanyuseofsuchmaterial.

ISBN:978-92-9260-592-6

Citation:IRENA(2024),Internationalco-operationtoaccelerategreenhydrogendeployment,InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency,AbuDhabi.

AboutIRENA

TheInternationalRenewableEnergyAgency(IRENA)servesastheprincipalplatformforinternationalco-operation;acentreofexcellence;arepositoryofpolicy,technology,resourceandfinancialknowledge;andadriverofactiononthegroundtoadvancethetransformationoftheglobalenergysystem.Aglobalintergovernmentalorganisationestablishedin2011,IRENApromotesthewidespreadadoptionandsustainableuseofallformsofrenewableenergy,includingbioenergyandgeothermal,hydropower,ocean,solarandwindenergy,inthepursuitofsustainabledevelopment,energyaccess,energysecurity,andlow-carboneconomicgrowthandprosperity.

Acknowledgements

ThisbriefwasauthoredbyAnn-KathrinLipponer(IRENA)undertheguidanceofFranciscoBoshell(IRENA)andRolandRoesch(Director,IRENAInnovationandTechnologyCentre).ThebriefhasbenefittedfromthecommentsandinputsofJamesWalker,ArnovandenBos,EmanueleBianco,RaulMiranda,DanialSaleem,andZafarSamadov(allIRENA).

Thisbriefhasbenefittedfrom,andincorporatestheinputsof,theIRENACollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen.TheCollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogenwasfacilitatedbyGermanyandtheUnitedArabEmiratesin2023.

Disclaimer

Thispublicationandthematerialhereinareprovided“asis”.AllreasonableprecautionshavebeentakenbyIRENAtoverifythereliabilityofthematerialinthispublication.However,neitherIRENAnoranyofitsofficials,agents,dataorotherthird-partycontentprovidersprovidesawarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied,andtheyacceptnoresponsibilityorliabilityforanyconsequenceofuseofthepublicationormaterialherein.

TheinformationcontainedhereindoesnotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsofallMembersofIRENA.ThementionofspecificcompaniesorcertainprojectsorproductsdoesnotimplythattheyareendorsedorrecommendedbyIRENAinpreferencetoothersofasimilarnaturethatarenotmentioned.ThedesignationsemployedandthepresentationofmaterialhereindonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthelegalstatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.

ThepresentationofmaterialhereindoesnotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthelegalstatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorareaorofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.

TABLEOFCONTENTS

01

Introduction

Executive

Summary

02

Country

insights

@Unsplash/KarelVH@Unsplash/RicardoGomez@Unsplash/MicahHallahan

INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT

4

TABLEOFCONTENTS

03

Rampingupgreenhydrogen

supplyanddemand:

Keychallengesandsolutions

3.1

Regulationsandincentive

schemestriggeringdemand

andsupplycreation

3.2

Closingthecostgapand

financinglarge-scaleprojects

3.3

Towardscomprehensive

sustainability

3.4

Capacitybuilding,skillsandjobs

Figures

Figure1

Carbondioxideemissions

abatement

in2050under

the1.5°CScenario

Figure2

Breakdownoftotalfinal

energyconsumptionby

energycarrierover

2020-2050underthe1.5°C

Scenario

Figure3

KeyoutcomesonhydrogenatCOP28

Figure4

Countryinterventionsat

IRENA’s2023CFGHmeetings

@Freepick

@Freepick

5

Abbreviations

AGHA

CDR

CFGH

COP28

EHB

EU

GHG

H2HUBS

IRA

IRENA

ISO

GO

GST

METI

MW

AfricaGreenHydrogenAlliance

CommissionDelegatedRegulations

CollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen

2023UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference

EuropeanHydrogenBank

EuropeanUnion

greenhousegas

RegionalCleanHydrogenHubsProgram

InflationReductionAct

InternationalRenewableEnergyAgency

InternationalOrganizationforStandardization

guaranteeoforigin

GlobalStocktake

MinistryofEconomy,TradeandIndustry(Japan)

megawatt

INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT

EXECUTIVESUMMARY

IRENAestablishedtheCollaborativeFrameworksasplatformsfordialogueandco-ordinatedactiontosupporttheglobalenergytransition.Withitsnearlyuniversalglobalmembership,IRENAhasauniquemandatetobringtheglobalcommunitytogethertodiscussandco-operateontopicsofstrategicimportance.

In2023,theCollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen(CFGH)focusedontakingstockofglobalhydrogendeploymentafteryearsofstrategydevelopmentandprojectannouncements,supportingtheGlobalStocktakeprocessofthe2023UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference(COP28).ThetwomeetingsoftheCFGHconvenedthatyearshedlightonthefollowingquestions:Wheredoestheworldstandintermsoftranslatingplansintoaction,whatchallengesdomemberstatesfaceandwhatsolutionscantheybenefitfrom?

ThefirstCFGHmeetingheldin2023concentratedondevelopingdemandstructuresforgreenhydrogen,whilethesecondfocusedonthesupplyside.ThisbriefsynthesisesessentialinsightsgatheredfromIRENA’smembercountriesandtheexpertswhoparticipatedinthesemeetings.

TheBriefalsoservesasaninputtothe

BreakthroughAgenda

hydrogensectorPriorityAction5,'LandscapeCo-ordination',inthatitprovidesanoverviewofinitiativesunderwayataninternationallevel.Withitsnear-universalmembership,theIRENACFGHisuniquelypositionedtoenhancethecoordinationandtransparencyofinternationalcollaborationongreenhydrogen.

KeyinsightsfromtheCFGHmeetingsaredisplayedbelow.

@Freepick

6

ExECutIvEsummARy

7

Keyinsightsinclude:

@Freepick

Overarchingthemes

Strategylaunchesandupdates:

Themomentumtowardsplanninggreenhydrogenremainsstrong,andhydrogenstrategylauncheshavesurgedinrecentyears.In2023trailblazerslikeGermanyandJapanpublishedinitialstrategyrevisionsandupdates.Giventherapidevolutionofthegreenhydrogensector,updatingstrategiesiscrucialtoaddressthosedevelopments.

Standardsandcertification:

SignificantadvancementsincertificationandstandardsincludetheunveilingoftheInternationalOrganizationforStandardization(ISO)methodologyforassessinggreenhousegasemissions,andtheDeclarationofIntentforthemutualrecognitionofcertificationschemesannouncedatCOP28.Despitetheprogressbeingmade,however,challengespersistintradinghydrogenasderivates.In2024,IRENAisleadingeffortstomapexistingaccountingmethods,standardsandcertificationschemes,focusingongreen-hydrogen-basedammonia,methanolandsteelproducedbydirectreducediron.

Sustainability:

Fortrulysustainablegreenhydrogenvaluechainstobecreated,projectplannersmustaccountformorethanemissions.Theymustalsoconsiderlocalenvironmentalimpacts,includingenergyandwatersupply,aswellassocialfactorslikejobcreationandcommunityinvolvement.

INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONtOACCELERAtEGREENHyDROGENDEPLOymENt

Keyinsightsonthesupplyside

Theglobalpipelineofhydrogenpilot

Highfinancingcostsandaccess

Fosteringcommunityinvolvement,

projectsisnascentandconcentrated

tofinanceremainkeychallenges

andthusbolsteringsocialacceptance,

inEuropeandAsia.China,Germany,

inthemanydevelopingcountries

iscriticalintheimplementationof

SpainandAustraliaaccount

withsignificantrenewableenergy

newenergytechnologies.Especially

for50%ofplannedorinstalled

potential.Catalysinggreenhydrogen

forthosethatinvolvelarge-scale

capacity;46%ofthecapacityis

productioninsuchcountrieswould

infrastructuredevelopment,suchas

stillintheannouncementphase

requirede-risking,risksharingand

thatrequiredtomeetfuturedemand

(567megawatts[MW]),withonly396MWunderdevelopmentand

tailor-madefinancingmechanisms.

forgreenhydrogen.Peerlearningfrombestpracticeswillprovetobe

268MWoperational.

beneficialinthisregard.

Keyinsightsonthedemandside

Effortstocreatedemandneedtobe

Regulatorysupportmustbe

schemesandpolicymechanismswere

steppedup:

maintained,alongsideboldpolicy

introduced.Althoughdiverseindesign

Therehasbeenmodestprogress

making:

andapproach,theseaimtosend

increatingdemandforgreen

Long-awaiteddevelopmentslike

robustdemandsignalswhileensuring

hydrogen.Itisimportantthatboth

theadoptionoftheDelegatedActs

anampleandsecuresupplyofgreen

governmentsandcompaniessend

oftheEuropeanRenewableEnergy

hydrogen.Thisisanimportantstepin

strongercollectivedemandsignals

Directivemade2023apivotalyear

theprocessofsettingplansinmotion.

bymovingfromtargetstopolicies

forboldpolicymakinganddecisions

Regulationandinvestmentsupport

andfromcommitmentstocontracts.

regardingpublicfundingforgreen

arecrucialpre-conditionstoramp

Identifyingpre-definedoff-takersis

hydrogen.Inaracetoleadthegreen

upgreenhydrogenproductionand

crucial.

hydrogensector,significantincentive

deployment.

@Unsplash/AmericanPublicPowerAssociation

Whiletherehasbeenprogressinbuildingupsupplyanddemandstructuresforgreenhydrogenandderivatives,asubstantialdeploymentgapmustbeclosedtoachieveanet-zerofuture.Severalkeybarrierstosuccessfulhydrogendeploymentwereaddressedin2023.Yet,theCFGHmeetingalsopinpointedblindspotsandareasrequiringmoreattention.IRENAwillleadeffortstotackletheseissuesandmaintaintheCFGHasacentralforumforglobalcollaborationin2024.

8

9

@Unsplash/KarelVH

01

INTRODUCTION

INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT

10

Scenario

1.5°C

Renewables

(poweranddirectuses)

25%

25%

19%

12%

8%

11%

Energyconservationandemciency

Electri?cationinendusesectors

(direct)

Hydrogenanditsderivatives

CCS/Uinindustry

BECCSandothercarbonremovalmeasures

H2

-34.2

GtCO2/yr

口

個個

100%

01

INTRODUCTION

Greenhydrogenanditsderivativesarekeytothelastmileofnet-zeroemissionsreduction–whichshouldbecompletedbymid-centuryatthelatest.Achievingnet-zerorequiresacomprehensivetransformationofallsectors,includingnotjustpowerbutalsoenduses.AcombinationofenergyefficiencyandrenewableenergycandeliverthebulkoftheemissionsreductionsneededtomeetthegoalsoftheParisAgreement.Forsomeapplicationswherethedirectuseofrenewableelectricityisnottechnicallyviableorcost-effective,greenhydrogencanhelpreducethedecarbonisationgap.AccordingtoIRENA’scalculations,underthe1.5°CScenario,by2050,greenhydrogenanditsderivatesmayabate12%ofemissionsandaccountfor14%offinalenergyconsumption(Figures1and2).Thatalonewouldrequirescalingupelectrolysercapacityfromnegligiblenumberstodayto5722gigawattsin2050(IRENA,2023a).

Greenhydrogenandderivativesgivehighlyindustrialisedcountriesopportunitiestotransformtheirindustriessoastoachievenet-zeroemissions,whilealsopresentingprospectsforindustrialdevelopmentindevelopingcountriesrichinrenewableenergyresources.Achievingthesegoalsrequiresacombinationofstrongdemandsignals,effectivepublicpoliciesandproactiveprivatesectorinvolvement.Greenhydrogendeploymentwillalsoleadtothecreationofnewvaluechains,someofthemspanningtheglobe,involvingawiderangeofstakeholders.Internationalcollaborationisneededtosharebestpracticesandalsothelessonslearntalongtheway.

Figure1.Carbondioxideemissionsabatementin2050underthe1.5°CScenario

Abatements2050

Source:(IRENA,2023a).

Notes:BECCS=bioenergywithcarboncaptureandstorage;CCS/U=carboncaptureandstorage/utilisation;GtCO2/yr=gigatonneofcarbondioxideperyear.

INtRODuCtION

11

TFEC(%)

4%Others

22%

Electricity

(direct)

16%

Modernbiomassuses

14%

Hydrogen

(directuse

ande-fuels)*

7%

Others

Fossilfuels

12%

1%

ctricity

rect)

5Ele(di

Implementationofgreenhydrogenstrategieshasincreasedrapidlyinrecentyears,alongwithnumerousprojectannouncementsandbi-andtrilateralagreements.WhileJapan,theRepublicofKoreaandAustraliahavebeenfrontrunnersinhydrogenstrategydevelopment,since2020,moreandmorecountrieshavelaunchedtheirstrategies.Today,about50strategydocumentsandfourstrategyrevisionsexist(IRENA,forthcoming).However,itischallengingtoevaluatehowmanyoftheseinitiativeshavebeentranslatedintotangibleactionsandwheretheworldstandsintermsofgreenhydrogendeployment.

OneapproachtodeterminetheprogressbeingmadewasthefirstGlobalStocktake(GST)processofthe2023UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference(COP28).TheGSTprocesswasdesignedtotakeaninventoryofwheretheworldstandsonclimateaction,andidentifygaps.In2023,IRENA’sCollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen(CFGH)wasdedicatedtosupportingtheGSTprocessbytakingacloselookintorecentdevelopmentswithinthegreenhydrogensector.WithIRENA’snear-universalmembership,theCFGHbroughttheglobalcommunitytogetherandshedlightontheprogresstodateinbuildingupgreenhydrogenandderivativessupplyanddemandstructures.Participants,includinggovernmentsandindustrystakeholders,wereinvitedtosharetheirexperiencesregardingbarriersencountered,anddiscusspotentialsolutions.InsightsgainedfromthesemeetingsweredisseminatedduringCOP28,providingvaluableinformationabouttheprogressandchallengesintheglobalgreenhydrogenlandscape.

Figure2.Breakdownoftotalfinalenergyconsumptionbyenergycarrierover2020-2050underthe1.5°CScenario

20202050(1.5°CScenario)

374EJTotal?nalenergyconsumption353EJTotal?nalenergyconsumption

63%

Fossilfuels

6%

Traditionalusesof

biomass

5%

Modern

biomass

uses

28%Renewableshareinelectricity

Renewableshare

inhydrogen

94%

91%

Renewableshareinelectricity

Source:(IRENA,2023a)

Note:Thefiguresaboveincludeonlyenergyconsumption,excludingnon-energyuses.Forelectricityuse,28%in2020and91%in2050arefromrenewablesources;fordistrictheating,thesharesare7%and84%,respectively;forhydrogen(directuseande-fuels),therenewableenergyshare(i.e.greenhydrogen)wouldreach94%by2050.Hydrogen(directuseande-fuels)accountsfortotalhydrogenconsumption(greenandblue)andothere-fuels(e-ammoniaande-methanol).Electricity(direct)includestheconsumptionofelectricitythatisprovidedbyallsourcesofgeneration:renewable,nuclearandfossilfuel-based.TraditionalusesofbiomassrefertotheresidentialTFECofsolidbiofuelsinnon-OECDcountries.Modernbioenergyusesincludesolidbiomass,biogasandbiomethaneusedinbuildingsandindustry;andliquidbiofuelsusedmainlyintransport,butalsoinbuildings,industryandotherfinalconsumption.Remainingfossilfuelsin2050correspondtonaturalgas(mainlyusedinindustryandtransport,andtoalesserextentinbuildings),oil(mainlyinindustryandtransport,andtoalesserextentinbuildings)andcoal(correspondstousesinindustry-cement,chemicals,ironandsteel).Othersincludedistrictheatandotherrenewablesconsumption.EJ=exajoule;OECD=OrganisationforEconomicCo-operationandDevelopment;TFEC=totalfinalenergyconsumption.

INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT

12

HydrogenplayedacrucialroleatCOP28inDubai:itwaspartofthefirstGSTprocess,thefinaloutcomepaperanddiscussionswithintheCOP28Presidency’sHigh-LevelRoundtableonHydrogen.AnumberofthematicsessionsonthesidelinesofCOP28focusedonvariousaspectsofhydrogen.TheUnitedNationsFrameworkConventiononClimateChangeSecretariatsharedinsightsintotheGST’stechnicaldialogue,acollaborativediscussioninvolvingcountries,expertsandstakeholders.Theresultingreportevaluatescollectiveprogresstowardsfulfillingthepurposeandlong-termgoalsoftheParisAgreement.Itstatesthat“achievingnet-zeroCO2andGHGemissionsrequiressystemstransformationsacrossallsectors[…],rapidscalingupofrenewableenergy,widespreadelectrificationofenduses,useofcleanfuels,includinglow-carbonhydrogenandammonia”(UNFCCC,2023).ThefinaloutcomepapercallsonPartiestocontributetoacceleratingzero-andlow-emissiontechnologies,includinglow-carbonhydrogenproduction(UNFCCC,2023).

WhiletheGSTprocessclarifiedthathydrogenwillplayaroleinfulfillingtheParisAgreement,COP28itselfwasthestageforanumberoffurtherdeclarationsandannouncements.SomeofthekeyoutcomesareincludedinFigure3.

Figure3.KeyoutcomesonhydrogenatCOP28

Morethan30countrieslaunchedtheCOP28DeclarationofIntent

recognisingthekeyroleofcleanhydrogeninglobaldecarbonisationandmeetingglobalenergyneeds,endorsersofthedeclarationseektoworktowardmutualrecognitionofhydrogencerti?cationschemestohelpfacilitateglobalmarket.

ISOMethodologyforGHGemissionsassessmentforHydrogenonalifecycleassessment(LCA)basishasbeenrevealedatCOP28.

Public-PrivateActionStatementsignedbytheInternationalHydrogenTradeForum(IHTF)andtheHydrogenCouncilaimstoadvance

implementationofcross-bordertradecorridorsinhydrogenanditsderivativesinternationally.

Shippingleadersandgreenhydrogenproducersagreedonuptaketargetsfor2030toenableanetzeromaritimesectorincludingan11tonne(Mt)2030productiontargetforusebytheshippingsector.

AllianceforIndustryDecarbonization(AFID)hasadopted

decarbonisationcommittmentsonincreasingproductionofrenewableenergyandgreenhydrogenby2020.

MUTUAL

RECOGNITION

OFCERTIFICATION

SCHEMES

ISO

METHODOLOGY

INTERNATIONAL

HYDROGEN

TRADEFORUM

UPTAKEAGREEMENTSHIPPINGSECTOR

INDUSTRY

DECARBONISATION

AGREEMENT

01

02

03

04

05

Sources:(AFID,2023;COP28UAE,2023;HydrogenCouncil,2023;ISO,2023;UNFCCCClimateChampions,2023).

Note:COP28=2023UnitedNationsClimateChangeConference;GHG=greenhousegas;ISO=InternationalOrganizationforStandardization.

INtRODuCtION

13

Thesedevelopmentsreflectthesustainedpoliticalattentionandsupportforhydrogen.However,thequestionremains,howcanindividualcountrieseffectivelyleveragethepotentialofgreenhydrogenandderivatives–whethertotransitiontheirindustriestonetzeroortoembarkonlarge-scaleproductionprojects.Thepathforwardremainscritical.

Thisbriefprovideskeyinsightsgainedduringthe2023CFGHmeetings.Italsoprovidesupdatesonthedevelopmentsincountriesthatareaspiringtobecomemajorgreenhydrogenconsumersandthosethatholdsubstantialrenewableenergypotential,andcouldalsoactasgreenhydrogenexporters.Itfurthercontainsinsightsintohowchallengescanbeaddressedandwhattoolshaverecentlybeenmadeavailable.

@Freepick

02

COUNTRY

INSIGHTS

@Unsplash/MicahHallahan

COuNtRyINsIGHts

15

02

COUNTRYINSIGHTS

AsIRENA’sCFGHservesasaglobalplatformfordialogueandco-operation,membercountrieswereinvitedtoshareupdatesonrecentgreen-hydrogen-relateddevelopmentsintheirrespectivenations.Theseupdatesincludeddiscussionsonpolicypriorities,incentiveschemesfordemandandsupplycreation,challengesfacedandongoingprojects.Thisbriefpresentsthekeyinsightsfromallthecountryinterventionssharedatthe2023CFGHmeetings,encompassingnationsacrosstheworld(Figure4).1GermanyandtheUnitedArabEmiratesco-facilitatedtheCFGHmeetings.

Figure4.CountryinterventionsatIRENA’s2023CFGHmeetings

ALASKA(USA)

SWEDEN

CANADA

NETHERLANDS

GERMANY

AUSTRIA

UNITEDSTATESOFAMERICAPORTUGAL

CHINA

MAURITANIA

UNITED

ARAB

EMIRATES

PANAMA

KENYA

AUSTRALIA

CHILE

Co-facilitators

Germany;UnitedArabEmirates

Interveningcountries

Australia;Austria;Canada;Chile;China;Kenya;Mauritania;TheNetherlands;Panama;Portugal;Sweden;UnitedStates

Note:CFGH=CollaborativeFrameworkonGreenHydrogen.

Disclaimer:Thismapisprovidedforillustrationpurposesonly.BoundariesandnamesshownonthismapdonotimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofIRENAconcerningthestatusofanyregion,country,territory,cityorarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerningthedelimitationoffrontiersorboundaries.

1ThissectionisbasedontheinterventionsandprioritiessharedbymembersoftheCFGHmeetings.Itisnotacomprehensivereflectionofallsectordevelopmentsinthosemembercountries,anddoesnotcoverallthecountriesthatmayassumean

importantrole.

INTERNATIONALCO-OPERATIONTOACCELERATEGREENHYDROGENDEPLOYMENT

16

Australia

Australiahasfocusedprimarilyongreenhydrogen,demandforwhichisontheriseinthecountry’seconomy.Australiahassetambitioustargets,includingachievingnet-zeroemissionsby2050andreducingemissionsby43%by2030,withan80%reductionthroughrenewables.Tosupportthesegoals,AustraliahaslaunchedanAUD2billionprogramme(aboutUSD1.34billion)tosubsidisegreenhydrogenproduction(HydrogenHeadstartprogram).InFebruary2023,theEnergyandClimateChangeMinisterialCouncilapprovedareviewofthe2019NationalHydrogenStrategy.ThepurposeofthisreviewistoensureAustraliaisontracktonotonlybecomingaleadingglobalplayerinhydrogenproductionandexportby2030,butalsousinghydrogentodecarbonisedomesticindustries.

Further,theAustraliangovernmenthasbeenactivelydevelopingaGuaranteeofOrigin(GO)schemeoverthepastthreeyears.Theschemeisdesignedtomeasure,trackandverifycarbonemissionsandotherattributesofAustraliancleanenergyproducts,includinghydrogenandrenewableelectricity.ThevoluntaryGOschemeservesasafoundationalpolicytosupportthegrowthofcleanenergymarketsandinternationaltradeinlow-emissionproducts.Itenablestrackingrenewableelectricityclaimsandquantifyingemissionsandotherattributesofhydrogenandhydrogenenergycarriers,withpotentialforexpansiontoothercleanenergyproductsinthefuture.TheGOschemeaimstostimulatemarketcreation,incentiviseinnovationincleanenergyproductsandacceleratetheiradoption,andassistnewprojectsinsecuringfinancing.Itthuscontributestowidereffortstoscaleuprenewablesandthehydrogenindustry(CommonwealthofAustralia,2023).Thepublicconsultationprocesswasclosedbytheendof2023.

Austria

AustriapublisheditsnationalhydrogenstrategyinJune2022,whichdetailshowitintendstousehydrogentodecarboniseitseconomyandenergysystem.Themeasuresincludedinthestrategyaredesignedtosupporthydrogenalongtheentirevaluechain.Austriaemphasisedtheimportantroleplayedbyhydrogeninselectedindustrialapplications,forexample,ironandsteel,andchemicals,aswellasincertainareasofmobility,mostlyheavy-dutytransportandaviation,whereelectrificationisnotaviableoption.Austriaforeseesthat,despitethetargeteduseofhydrogen,domesticproductioncapacitiesalonecannotcoverthequantitiesrequiredtodecarbonisehard-to-abatesectors,andimportswillplayanimportantroleinthefuture.Austriaintendstoboostthedemandforrenewablehydrogenandbuildtherequiredinfrastructure.Investmentsinrenewablehydrogenproductionwillbestimulated,andsustainablebusinessmodelswillbepromoted.Throughdomesticenvironmentalfunding,EUR3billion(roughlyUSD3.3billion)hasbeenmadeavailableuntil2030topromotedemandforhydrogeninhard-to-abatesectors.

COuNtRyINsIGHts

17

Canada

Canadahasprogressedinkeyareassincelaunchingitshydrogenstrategyin2020.TheCanadianFederalGovernmenthasestablishedseveralworkinggroups.Oneofitisacodesandstandardsgroup,whichisco-chairedbytheStandardsCouncilofCanada.Itisconsideringtheidentificationofstandardgapsasakeyfocusarea.Canadahasalsoannouncedseveralinvestmenttaxcreditssince2022thatwillencouragecleanhydrogenproduction;carboncapture,useandsequestration;cleanelectricityandcleantechnologymanufacturing.TheCanadaGrowthFundhasallocatedCAD15billion(aboutUSD11.25billion)toincentiviseprivatesectorinvestmentsinthedeploymentofkeytechnologiessuchashydrogen,andCAD20billion(aboutUSD15billion)wasallocatedthroughtheCanadaInfrastructureBanktoincentivisemajorcleanelectricityandcleangrowthinfrastructureprojects.

Canadaissettoreleaseaprogressreporttothe2020hydrogenstrategyin2024,outliningpotentialhydrogenapplicationsacrossvarioussectors,includinghard-to-abatesectors.Thisreportisexpectedtoprovideinsightsintosuitableincentivesforthesesectorsandidentifypotentialchallenges.Canadaiswitnessingacontinuousstreamofnewhydrogenprojectplansatvariousstagesofdevelopmentacrossthecountry,includingdomestic-useprojectsandmorethantenlarge-scaleprojectswithexportpotential.Withambitionstobecomeanethydrogenexp