世界遺產(chǎn)關(guān)鍵術(shù)語列表

d

F

M

l

H

a

g

z

B

O

I

O

I

M

M

O

I

I

R

N

T

E

A

P

M

O

N

D

I

A

L

?

?

W

R

L

D

H

L

E

A

R

I

I

D

T

A

N

G

U

E

P

V

e

NOM

?ATR

World

Heritage

Convention

UnitedNationsEducational,Scienti?candCulturalOrganization

Listof

KeyTerms

PeriodicRepor甘ng

Ques甘onnaire

PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms

1

ListofKeyTermsinthePeriodicReportingQuestionnaire

PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms

2

TheListofKeyTermsoffersexplanationstoWorldHeritageconceptsreferredtointhePeriodicReportingquestionnaire.TheexplanationsarederivedfromawiderangeofsourcesincludingWorldHeritagepublications,UNESCOwebpages,UNwebsites,theOperationalGuidelinesfortheimplementationoftheWorldHeritageConventionetc.ThesedesignationsanddescriptionsaretobeusedasguidelinesanddonotnecessarilyimplytheexpressionofanyopiniononthepartofUNESCOanddonotcommittheOrganization.

PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms

3

Term

Definition

1954Hague

ConventionfortheProtectionof

CulturalPropertyintheEventof

ArmedConflict

TheConventionfortheProtectionofCulturalPropertyintheEventofArmedConflictwasadoptedatTheHague(Netherlands)in1954inthewakeofmassivedestructionofculturalheritageduringtheSecondWorldWar.Itisthefirstinternationaltreatywithaworldwidevocationfocusingexclusivelyontheprotectionofculturalheritageintheeventofarmedconflict.

ThisConventionisaninternationalcooperationframeworkagainsttheillicittraffickingofculturalpropertyrequiringStatesPartiestotakepreventativemeasuresandadheretorestitutionprovisions.Itcoversimmovableandmovableculturalheritage,includingmonumentsofarchitecture,artorhistory,archaeologicalsites,worksofart,manuscripts,booksandotherobjectsofartistic,historicalorarchaeologicalinterest,aswellasscientificcollectionsofallkindsregardlessoftheiroriginorownership.

Readthe

fulltext

oftheConvention.

Source(s):

/new/en/culture/themes/armed-conflict-and-

heritage/convention-and-protocols/1954-hague-convention/

1970Convention

ontheMeansof

Prohibitingand

Preventingthe

IllicitImport,

Exportand

Transferof

Ownershipof

CulturalProperty

Theobjectivesofthe1970Conventionaretoprotectandsafeguardtheworldculturalpropertyagainstdamage,theft,clandestineexcavations,illicitimport,exportandtransferofownership,trafficking,toimplementpreventivemeasuresandraiseawarenessoftheimportancethereof,toestablishamoralandethicalcodefortheacquisitionofculturalproperty,toprovideaplatformamongStatePartiestotheConventionforfacilitatingtherecoveryandreturnofstolen,illicitlyexcavatedorillicitlyexportedculturalproperty,andtopromoteinternationalcooperationandassistance.

Formoreinformation,visitthe1970Convention

webpage.

Source(s):

/new/en/culture/themes/illicit-trafficking-of-cultural-

property/1970-convention/

1972

Recommendationconcerningthe

Protection,attheNationallevel,oftheCulturalandNaturalHeritage

ThesameGeneralConferencethatadoptedtheConventionconcerningtheProtectionofWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage(theWorldHeritageConvention)in1972alsoadoptedtheRecommendationconcerningtheProtection,atNationalLevel,oftheCulturalandNaturalHeritage.

AccordingtothisRecommendation,“Inconformitywiththeirjurisdictionalandlegislativerequirements,eachStateshouldformulate,developandapplyasfaraspossibleapolicywhoseprincipalaimshouldbetoco-ordinateandmakeuseofallscientific,technical,culturalandotherresourcesavailabletosecuretheeffectiveprotection,conservationandpresentationoftheculturalandnaturalheritage”(II.Nationalpolicy,Article3).

TheRecommendationalsoencouragesStatestoorganisetheirpublicservicesandtakeappropriateprotective,legalandfinancialmeasuresthatwillcontributetotheprotectionofculturalandnaturalheritage,andtoundertakeeducationalcampaignstoinformthepublicabouttheimportanceofheritage,andtoseekinternationalco-operationandsupportwhenneeded.

Source(s):

/en/convention/

4

2001ConventionontheProtectionoftheUnderwaterCulturalHeritage

TheUNESCOConventionontheProtectionoftheUnderwaterCulturalHeritage,adoptedin2001,isintendedtoenableStatestobetterprotecttheirsubmergedculturalheritage.

ThemainprincipleslaidoutintheConventionaretheobligationtopreserveunderwaterculturalheritage,theprioritizationofin-situpreservationandthestipulationthatunderwaterculturalheritageshouldnotbecommerciallyexploitedfortradeorspeculation,andthatitshouldnotbeirretrievablydispersed.

Formoreinformation,visitthewebsiteofthe2001Convention.

Source(s):

/new/en/culture/themes/underwater-cultural-

heritage/2001-convention/

2003Convention

forthe

Safeguardingof

theIntangible

CulturalHeritage

ThemaingoaloftheConventionfortheSafeguardingoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageistosafeguardthepractices,representations,expressions,knowledgeandskillsthatcommunities,groupsand,insomecases,individualsrecognizeaspartoftheirculturalheritage.

Suchheritagemaybemanifestedindomainssuchasoraltraditionsandexpressions,performingarts,socialpractices,rituals,festiveevents,knowledgeandpracticeaboutnatureandtheuniverse,andtraditionalcraftsmanship.ThisdefinitionprovidedinArticle2oftheConventionalsoincludestheinstruments,objects,artefactsandculturalspacesassociatedwithintangibleculturalheritage.

Formoreinformation,visitthe

websiteofthe2003Convention.

Source(s):

/en/working-towards-a-convention-00004

2005ConventionontheProtectionandPromotionoftheDiversityof

Cultural

Expressions

TheConventionontheProtectionandPromotionoftheDiversityofCulturalExpressions,adoptedin2005bytheUNESCOGeneralConference,isabindinginternationallegalinstrument.Itsgoalistoprotectandpromotethediversityofculturalexpressions,particularlyasembodiedandconveyedinculturalactivities,goodsandservices,whicharethevehiclesofcontemporaryculture.Itsetsouttocreatealegalframeworkfavourabletoallwithregardtotheproduction,distribution/dissemination,accesstoandenjoymentofawiderangeofculturalexpressionsofdiverseorigin.

TheConventionhighlightsthedecisiveroleofculturalpoliciesanddefinestherightsandobligationsofPartieswithregardtotheprotectionandpromotionofthediversityofculturalexpressions,bothnationallyandinternationally.Stateshaveagreedontheurgentneedforthisinstrument,giventhattheacceleratingprocessesofglobalizationtendtoheightenthedisparitiesbetweenthosecountrieslackingandthosepossessingthecapacitytocreate,produceanddisseminatetheirculturalexpressions.

Formoreinformation,visitthe

websiteofthe2005Convention.

Source(s):

/new/en/culture/themes/cultural-diversity/cultural-

expressions/the-convention/faq

5

2011

RecommendationontheHistoric

UrbanLandscape

TheRecommendationontheHistoricUrbanLandscapewasadoptedon10November2011byUNESCOGeneralConference.ItoutlinestheHistoricUrbanLandscape(HUL)approach,whichmovesbeyondthepreservationofthephysicalenvironmentandfocusesontheentirehumanenvironmentwithallofitstangibleandintangiblequalities.Itseekstoincreasethesustainabilityofplanninganddesigninterventionsbytakingintoaccounttheexistingbuiltenvironment,intangibleheritage,culturaldiversity,socio-economicandenvironmentalfactorsalongwithlocalcommunityvalues.

TheHULapproachdoesnotreplaceexistingdoctrinesorconservationapproaches;rather,itisanadditionaltooltointegratepoliciesandpracticesofconservationofthebuiltenvironmentintothewidergoalsofurbandevelopmentinrespectoftheinheritedvaluesandtraditionsofdifferentculturalcontexts.Thetoolisa“soft-law”tobeimplementedbyMemberStatesonavoluntarybasis.

Source(s):

NewLifeforHistoricCities–TheHistoricUrbanLandscapeApproachExplained

/en/news/1026/

/en/hul/

2015World

Heritageand

Sustainable

Development

Policy

On19November2015,the20thGeneralAssemblyoftheStatesPartiestotheWorldHeritageConventionadoptedaPolicyontheIntegrationofaSustainableDevelopmentPerspectiveintotheProcessesoftheConvention.

TheoverallgoalofthepolicyistoassistStatesParties,practitioners,institutions,communitiesandnetworks,throughappropriateguidance,toharnessthepotentialofWorldHeritagepropertiesandheritageingeneral,tocontributetosustainabledevelopmentandthereforeincreasetheeffectivenessandrelevanceoftheConventionwhilstrespectingitsprimarypurposeandmandateofprotectingtheOutstandingUniversalvalueofWorldHeritageproperties.

Inlinewiththe‘2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment’,adoptedbytheUNGeneralAssembly,thispolicyrevolvesaroundthethreedimensionsofsustainabledevelopment,namelyenvironmentalsustainability,inclusivesocialdevelopmentandinclusiveeconomicdevelopment,complementedbythefosteringofpeaceandsecurity.ItsadoptionrepresentsasignificantshiftintheimplementationoftheConventionandanimportantstepinitshistory.

Source(s):

/en/sustainabledevelopment/

6

2030AgendaforSustainable

Development

On1January2016,the17SustainableDevelopmentGoals(SDGs)ofthe2030AgendaforSustainableDevelopment—adoptedbyworldleadersinSeptember2015atahistoricUNSummit—officiallycameintoforce.Theyareauniversalcalltoactiontoendpoverty,protecttheplanetandensurethatallpeopleenjoypeaceandprosperity.

BuildingonthesuccessoftheMillenniumDevelopmentGoals,theSDGsincludenewareassuchasclimatechange,economicinequality,innovation,sustainableconsumption,peaceandjustice,amongotherpriorities.Thegoalsareinterconnected-thekeytosuccessononeofteninvolvestacklingissuesmorecommonlyassociatedwithanother.

Readmoreaboutthe

SustainableDevelopmentGoals.

Source(s):

/content/undp/en/home/sustainable-development-goals.html

acceptance

Theinstrumentsof"acceptance"or"approval"ofatreatyhavethesamelegaleffectasratificationandconsequentlyexpresstheconsentofastatetobeboundbyatreaty.Inthepracticeofcertainstatesacceptanceandapprovalhavebeenusedinsteadofratificationwhen,atanationallevel,constitutionallawdoesnotrequirethetreatytoberatifiedbytheheadofstate[Arts.2(1)(b)and14(2),ViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties1969].

Source(s):

UnitedNationsTreatyCollectionGlossary

accession

"Accession"istheactwherebyastateacceptstheofferortheopportunitytobecomeapartytoatreatyalreadynegotiatedandsignedbyotherstates.Ithasthesamelegaleffectasratification.Accessionusuallyoccursafterthetreatyhasenteredintoforce.TheSecretary-GeneraloftheUnitedNations,inhisfunctionasdepositary,hasalsoacceptedaccessionstosomeconventionsbeforetheirentryintoforce.Theconditionsunderwhichaccessionmayoccurandtheprocedureinvolveddependontheprovisionsofthetreaty.Atreatymightprovidefortheaccessionofallotherstatesorforalimitedanddefinednumberofstates.Intheabsenceofsuchaprovision,accessioncanonlyoccurwherethenegotiatingstateswereagreedorsubsequentlyagreeonitinthecaseofthestateinquestion[Arts.2(1)(b)and15,ViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties1969].

Source(s):

UnitedNationsTreatyCollectionGlossary

7

achievinggenderequality

AccordingtoParagraph23ofthe'PolicyDocumentfortheIntegrationofaSustainableDevelopmentPerspectiveintotheProcessesoftheWorldHeritageConvention'(WorldHeritageSustainableDevelopmentPolicy),"GenderequalityisoneofUNESCO’stwoglobalpriorities.TheUNESCOPriorityGenderEqualityActionPlan(2014-2021),moreover,requiresMemberStatesandthegoverningbodiesofUNESCOregulatoryinstruments“toestablishgender-sensitive,gender-responsiveandgender-transformativepoliciesandpracticesinthefieldofheritage”.

Inaddition,achievinggenderequalityandempoweringallwomenandgirlsisessentialforachievingsustainabledevelopment,andisoneofthepost-2015SustainableDevelopmentGoals.

TheWorldHeritageSustainableDevelopmentPolicyalsostatesthatStatesPartiesshould:

“EnsurerespectforgenderequalitythroughoutthefullcycleofWorldHeritageprocesses,particularlyinthepreparationandcontentofnominationdossiers;

“EnsuresocialandeconomicopportunitiesforbothwomenandmeninandaroundWorldHeritageproperties;

“Ensureequalandrespectfulconsultation,fullandeffectiveparticipationandequalopportunitiesforleadershipandrepresentationofbothwomenandmenwithinactivitiesfortheconservationandmanagementofWorldHeritageproperties;

“Whenorwhererelevant,ensurethatgender-rootedtraditionalpracticeswithinWorldHeritageproperties,forexampleinrelationtoaccessorparticipationinmanagementmechanisms,havereceivedthefullconsentofallgroupswithinthelocalcommunitiesthroughtransparentconsultationprocessesthatfullyrespectsgenderequality.”

Source(s):

WorldHeritageSustainableDevelopmentPolicy

TheUNESCOPriorityGenderEqualityActionPlan

(2014-2021)

8

AdvisoryBodies

(totheWorld

Heritage

Convention)

Threeinternationalnon-governmentalorintergovernmentalorganizationsarenamedintheConventiontoadvisetheCommitteeinitsdeliberations.

TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)isaninternational,non-governmentalorganizationthatprovidestheWorldHeritageCommitteewithtechnicalevaluationsofnaturalheritagepropertiesand,throughitsworldwidenetworkofspecialists,reportsonthestateofconservationoflistedproperties.Withmorethan1000members,IUCNwasestablishedin1948andislocatedinGland,Switzerland.

TheInternationalCouncilonMonumentsandSites(ICOMOS)providestheWorldHeritageCommitteewithevaluationsofculturalandmixedpropertiesproposedforinscriptionontheWorldHeritageList.Itisaninternational,non-governmentalorganizationfoundedin1965,withaninternationalsecretariatinParis.

TheInternationalCentrefortheStudyofthePreservationandRestorationofCulturalProperty(ICCROM)isanintergovernmentalorganizationcreatedtopromotetheconservationofallformsofculturalheritage,ineveryregionoftheworld.ItsmissionistoprovideMemberStateswiththebesttools,knowledge,skillsandenablingenvironmenttopreservetheirculturalheritageinallofitsforms,forthebenefitofallpeople.Throughitswork,ICCROMiscontributingtotheenvironmental,socialandeconomicsustainabilityofcommunities.

Source(s):

/en/advisorybodies

agencies/institutionsresponsibleforculturaland/or

naturalheritage

Forexampleministriesofculture,ministriesoftheenvironments,nationalagenciesforheritageorconservation,heritageboardsetc.

9

Article5(ofthe

WorldHeritage

Convention)

Article5oftheWorldHeritageConvention,states:

"Toensurethateffectiveandactivemeasuresaretakenfortheprotection,conservationandpresentationoftheculturalandnaturalheritagesituatedonitsterritory,eachStatePartytothisConventionshallendeavor,insofaraspossible,andasappropriateforeachcountry:

toadoptageneralpolicywhichaimstogivetheculturalandnaturalheritageafunctioninthelifeofthecommunityandtointegratetheprotectionofthatheritageintocomprehensiveplanningprogrammes;

tosetupwithinitsterritories,wheresuchservicesdonotexist,oneormoreservicesfortheprotection,conservationandpresentationoftheculturalandnaturalheritagewithanappropriatestaffandpossessingthemeanstodischargetheirfunctions;

todevelopscientificandtechnicalstudiesandresearchandtoworkoutsuchoperatingmethodsaswillmaketheStatecapableofcounteractingthedangersthatthreatenitsculturalornaturalheritage;

totaketheappropriatelegal,scientific,technical,administrativeandfinancialmeasuresnecessaryfortheidentification,protection,conservation,presentationandrehabilitationofthisheritage;and

tofostertheestablishmentordevelopmentofnationalorregionalcentresfortrainingintheprotection,conservationandpresentationoftheculturalandnaturalheritageandtoencouragescientificresearchinthisfield."

Source(s):

TheWorldHeritageConvention

PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms

10

attributes

AccordingtotheResourceManual'PreparingWorldHeritageNominations',"AttributesareaspectsofapropertywhichareassociatedwithorexpresstheOutstandingUniversalValue.Attributescanbetangibleorintangible.TheOperationalGuidelinesindicatearangeoftypesofattributewhichmightconveyOutstandingUniversalValue,including:

?formanddesign;

?materialsandsubstance;

?useandfunction;

?traditions,techniquesandmanagementsystems;

?locationandsetting;

?language,andotherformsofintangibleheritage;and

?spiritandfeeling(Paragraph82).

Thislistisforguidance.ItisessentialthattheattributesidentifiedforapropertyshouldflowfromtheStatementofOutstandingUniversalValueandthejustificationforthecriteria.Attributesmustbeidentifiedastheyarevitaltounderstandingauthenticityandintegrity,andarethefocusofprotection,conservationandmanagement.

Fornaturalproperties,itismorecommontospeakof’features’,althoughthewordattributesissometimesused.Examplesofattributesfornaturalpropertiescouldinclude:

?visualoraestheticsignificance;

?scaleoftheextentofphysicalfeaturesornaturalhabitats;

?intactnessofphysicalorecologicalprocesses;

?naturalness,andintactnessofnaturalsystems;

?viability;

?rarity”.

Source(s):

TheWorldHeritageResourceManualPreparingWorldHeritageNominations

(2ndedition,UNESCO2011)

attributesofOUV

See'attributes'.

11

attributes,

conditionof

TheconditionoftheattributesofOutstandingUniversalValue(OUV)isagoodguidetotheoverallstateofconservationofaWorldHeritageproperty.

Thecategoriesoftheconditionoftheattributescanbedefinedasfollows:

?Lost:Lossoralterationtomostaspectsofthisattributehasoccurredandhascausedamajorlossofsignificanceofthisattribute.

?Seriouslycompromised:Lossoralterationofmanyaspectsofthisattributehasoccurred,whichisleadingtoasignificantreductioninthesignificanceofthisattribute.

?Compromised:Somelossoralterationoftheaspectsofthisattributehasalreadyoccurred,buttheiroverallconditionisnotcausingpersistentorsubstantialeffectstothisattribute.

?Preserved:Thisattributeisessentiallyintact,anditsoverallconditionisstableorimproving.Availableevidenceindicatesonlyminor,ifany,disturbances,tothisattribute.

Source(s):

PresentationbyJonDay

-ARCCentreofExcellenceforCoralReefStudiesatthe39thsessionoftheWorldHeritageCommittee(Bonn,2015)

PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms

12

Authenticity

Authenticityonlyappliestoculturalpropertiesandtotheculturalaspectsof‘mixed’properties.AuthenticitycanbeseenasthelinkbetweenattributesandOutstandingUniversalValue.

Accordingtoparagraph82oftheOperationalGuidelines,aWorldHeritageproperty”[]maybeunderstoodtomeettheconditionsofauthenticityiftheirculturalvalues(asrecognizedinthenominationcriteriaproposed)aretruthfullyandcrediblyexpressedthroughavarietyofattributes”.

Asetofgeneralattributeswhichmaybeconveyingorexpressingtheproperty’sOutstandingUniversalValueissuggested,andincludes:

?formanddesign;

?materialsandsubstance;

?useandfunction;

?traditions,techniquesandmanagementsystems;

?locationandsetting;

?languageandotherformsofintangibleheritage;

?spiritandfeeling;and

?otherinternal/externalfactors.

TheconceptofAuthenticityisdescribedintheOperationalGuidelinesparagraphs79-86.

Acomprehensivedefinitionofauthenticityinrelationtoculturalheritageiscontainedinthe

NaraDocumentonAuthenticity

whichwasdraftedin1994inNara,Japan.

Source(s):

OperationalGuidelinesfortheImplementationoftheWorldHeritageConvention

awareness-raising

AccordingtoParagraph217oftheOperationalGuidelines,StatesParties“[…]areencouragedtoraiseawarenessoftheneedtopreserveWorldHeritage.Inparticular,theyshouldensurethatWorldHeritagestatusisadequatelymarkedandpromotedon-site".

Paragraph218oftheOperationalGuidelinesstates:

“TheSecretariatprovidesassistancetoStatesPartiesindevelopingactivitiesaimedatraisingpublicawarenessoftheConventionandinformingthepublicofthedangersthreateningWorldHeritage.TheSecretariatadvisesStatesPartiesregardingthepreparationandimplementationofon-sitepromotionalandeducationalprojectstobefundedthroughInternationalAssistance.TheAdvisoryBodiesandappropriateStateagenciesmayalsobesolicitedtoprovideadviceonsuchprojects".

Source(s):

OperationalGuidelinesfortheImplementationoftheWorldHeritageConvention

PeriodicReportingIndexofKeyTerms

13

benefits(of

ratification)

Akeybenefitofratification,particularlyfordevelopingcountries,isaccesstotheWorldHeritageFundandInternationalAssistance.ThisismadeavailabletoassistStatesPartiesinidentifying,preservingandpromotingWorldHeritagesites.Emergencyassistancemayalsobemadeavailableforurgentactiontorepairdamagecausedbyhuman-madeornaturaldisasters.InthecaseofsitesincludedontheListofWorldHeritageinDanger,theattentionandthefundsofboththenationalandtheinternationalcommunityarefocusedontheconservationneedsoftheseparticularlythreatenedsites.

Today,theWorldHeritageconceptissowellunderstoodthatsitesontheListareamagnetforinternationalcooperationandmaythusreceivefinancialassistanceforheritageconservationprojectsfromavarietyofsources.

SitesinscribedontheWorldHeritageListalsobenefitfromtheelaborationandimplementationofacomprehensivemanagementplanthatsetsoutadequatepreservationmeasuresandmonitoringmechanisms.Insupportofthese,expertsoffertechnicaltrainingtothelocalsitemanagementteam.

Finally,theinscriptionofasiteontheWorldHeritageListbringsanincreaseinpublicawarenessofthesiteandofitsoutstandingvalues,thusalsoincreasingthetouristactivitiesatthesite.Whenthesearewellplannedforandorganizedrespectingsustainabletourismprinciples,theycanbringimportantfundstothesiteandtothelocaleconomy.

Source(s):

benefits(ofWorld

Heritage

inscription)

OnceacountrysignstheWorldHeritageConvention,andhassitesinscribedontheWorldHeritageList,theresultingprestigeoftenhelpsraiseawarenessamongcitizensandgovernmentsforheritagepreservation.Greaterawarenessleadstoageneralriseintheleveloftheprotectionandconservationgiventoheritageproperties.AcountrymayalsoreceivefinancialassistanceandexpertadvicefromtheWorldHeritageCommitteetosupportactivitiesforthepreservationofitssites.

Source(s):

bilateralagreement

Agenerictermfortreaties,conventions,protocols,andotherbindinginstruments.Thistermisusuallyappliedtoinstrumentsofageographicscopebetweentwostates.

Source(s):

UnitedNationsInformationPortalonMultilateralEnvironmentalAgreements

14

biodiversity

TheUnitedNationsInformationPortalonMultilateralEnvironmentalAgreementsdefinesBiodiversityas:

1)Geneticdiversity:thevariationbetweenindividualsandbetweenpopulationswithinaspecies;speciesdiversity:thedifferenttypesofplants,animalsandotherlifeformswithinaregion;communityorecosystemdiversity:thevarietyofhabitatsfoundwithinanarea(grassland,marsh,andwoodlandforinstance).

2)Anumbrellatermtodescribecollectivelythevarietyandvariabilityofnature.Itencompassesthreebasiclevelsoforganisationinlivingsystems:thegenetic,species,andecosystemlevels.Plantandanimalspeciesarethemostcommonlyrecognizedunitsofbiologicaldiversity,thuspublicconcernhasbeenmainlydevotedtoconservingspeciesdiversity.

Source(s):

UnitedNationsInformationPortalonMultilateralEnvironmentalAgreements

Biodiversity

LiaisonGroup

Inordertoenhancecoherenceandcooperationinimplementation,aliaisongroupwasestablishedbetweentheheadsofthesecretariatsofthesixbiodiversity-relatedconventions.TheBiodiversityLiaisonGrouporBLG,wasformedinJune2004andmeetsregularlytoexploreopportunitiesforsynergisticactivitiesandincreasedcoordination,andtoexchangeinformation.

TheBiodiversityLiaisonGroup(BLG)consistsoftheHeadsoftheSecretariatofthefollowingconventions:

-ConventionConcerningtheProtectionoftheWorldCulturalandNaturalHeritage;

-ConventiononBiologicalDiversity(CBD);

-ConventiononInternationalTradeinEndangeredSpeciesinWildFloraandFauna(CITES);

-ConventionontheConservationofMigratorySpeciesofWildAnimals(CMS);

-ConventiononWetlandsofInternationalImportance(RamsarConvention);

-InternationalTreatyonPlantGeneticResourcesforFoodandAgriculture(ITPGRFA);

-InternationalPlantProtectionConvention(IPPC).

Readthe

ModusOperandi

oftheBiodiversityLiaisonGroup.

biospherereserve

Protectedareasthatarestrictlysetasidetoprotectbiodiversityandalsopossiblygeological/geomorphologicalfeatures,wherehumanvisitation,useandimpactsarestrictlycontrolleda