銀行系統(tǒng)招聘考試（英語）模擬試卷41

銀行系統(tǒng)招聘考試（英語）模擬試卷41一、閱讀理解(本題共30題，每題1.0分，共30分。)Passage1Priortothe20thcentury，manylanguageswithsmallnumbersofspeakerssurvivedforcenturies．Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation，akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation．Itremainstobeseenwhethertheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticandculturaldiversityinthecenturiesahead．Manypowerfulforcesappeartoworkagainstit：populationgrowth，whichpushesmigrantpopulationsintotheworld’slastisolatedlocations；masstourism；globaltelecommunicationsandmassmedia；andthespreadofgiganticglobalcorporations．Alloftheseforcesappeartosignifyafutureinwhichthelanguageofadvertising，popularculture，andconsumerproductsbecomesimilar．AlreadyEnglishandafewothermajortongueshaveemergedasgloballanguagesofcommerceandcommunication．Formanyoftheworld’speoples，learningoneoftheselanguagesisviewedasthekeytoeducation，economicopportunity，andabetterwayoflife．Onlyabout3，000languagesnowinuseareexpectedtosurvivethecomingcentury．Aremostoftherestdoomedinthecenturyafterthat?Whethermostoftheselanguagessurvivewillprobablydependonhowstronglyculturalgroupswishtokeeptheiridentityalivethroughanativelanguage．Todosowillrequireanemphasisonbilingualism(masteryoftwolanguages)．Bilingualspeakerscouldusetheirownlanguageinsmallerspheres--athome，amongfriends，incommunitysettings——andagloballanguageatwork，indealingswithgovernment，andincommercialspheres．Inthisway，manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages，ratherthanyieldtothehomogenizingforcesofglobalization．Ironically，thetrendoftechnologicalinnovationthathasthreatenedminoritylanguagescouldalsohelpsavethem．Forexample，someexpelspredictthatcomputersoftwaretranslationtoolswillonedaypermitminoritylanguagesspeakerstobrowsetheInternetusingtheirnativetongues．Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer—aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages．Formanyendangeredlanguages，thelinebetweenrevivalanddeathisextremelythin．Languageisremarkablyresilient，however，Itisnotjustatoolforcommunicating，butalsoapowerfulwayofseparatingdifferentgroups，orofdemonstratinggroupidentity．Manyindigenouscommunitieshaveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage．1、Minoritylanguagescanbebestpreservedin________．A、anincreasinglyinterconnectedworldB、maintainingsmallnumbersofspeakersC、relativelyisolatedlanguagecommunitiesD、followingthetraditionofthe20thcentury標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。信號詞：Minoritylanguages，bestpreserved。小語種能被最佳保存于：A項(xiàng)相互聯(lián)系日益密切的世界，B項(xiàng)保持很少數(shù)量的使用者，C項(xiàng)相對孤立的語言社區(qū)，D項(xiàng)秉承20世紀(jì)的傳統(tǒng)。根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞“Minoritylanguages”定位于第一段最后一句話“Theincreasinglyinterconnectedmodernworldmakesitmuchmoredifficultforsmalllanguagecommunitiestoliveinrelativeisolation，akeyfactorinlanguagemaintenanceandpreservation．”，C項(xiàng)是原文重現(xiàn)。2、AccordingtoParagraph2，thattheworldcanmaintainitslinguisticdiversityinthefutureis________．A、uncertainB、unrealisticC、foreseeableD、definite標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。信號詞：Paragraph2，maintain，linguisticdiversity。根據(jù)第二段，將來世界能夠維系語言多樣性是：A項(xiàng)不確定的，B項(xiàng)不現(xiàn)實(shí)的，C項(xiàng)小可預(yù)見的，D項(xiàng)確定的。此題是推斷題，根據(jù)第二段第一句話Itremainstobeseenwhether…可知選A項(xiàng)uncertain，不確定的。3、Accordingtotheauthor，bilingualismcanhelp________．A、smalllanguagesbecomeacceptableinworkplacesB、homogenizetheworld’slanguagesandculturesC、globallanguagesreachhomeandcommunitysettingsD、speakersmaintaintheirlinguisticandculturalidentity標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。信號詞：accordingtotheauthor，bilingualism。根據(jù)作者所說，雙語能夠幫助：A項(xiàng)小語種在工作場合被接受，B項(xiàng)同化世界語言和文化，C項(xiàng)通用語言進(jìn)入家庭和社區(qū)，D項(xiàng)講話者維系他們語言和文化的特征。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“bilingualism”定位于第四段，D項(xiàng)是第四段“l(fā)nthisway，manysmalllanguagescouldsustaintheirculturalandlinguisticintegrityalongsidegloballanguages”的原文重現(xiàn)。4、Computertechnologyishelpfulforpreservingminoritylanguagesinthatit________．A、makeslearningagloballanguageunnecessaryB、facilitatesthelearningandusingofthoselanguagesC、raisespublicawarenessofsavingthoselanguagesD、makesiteasierforlinguiststostudythoselanguages標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：推理題。信號詞：Computertechnology，helpful，inthat。電腦技術(shù)有助于維系小語種因?yàn)樗篈項(xiàng)使學(xué)習(xí)通用語言不必要，B項(xiàng)使學(xué)習(xí)和使用這些語言更容易，C項(xiàng)提高公眾挽救這些語言的意識，D項(xiàng)使語言學(xué)家學(xué)習(xí)這些語言更容易。B項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)含義相近，根據(jù)第五段所舉的例子“Linguistsarecurrentlyusingcomputer-aidedlearningtoolstoteachavarietyofthreatenedlanguages．”可證明電腦技術(shù)使學(xué)習(xí)和使用這些語言更容易。5、Intheauthor’sview，manyendangeredlanguagesare________．A、remarkablywell—keptinthismodemworldB、exceptionallypowerfultoolsofcommunicationC、quitepossibletoberevivedinsteadofdyingoutD、anuniquewayofbringingdifferentgroupstogether標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。信號詞：author’sview，endangeredlanguages。根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，許多即將消失的語言：A項(xiàng)被完好地保存于現(xiàn)代世界，B項(xiàng)是非常強(qiáng)大的交際丁具，C項(xiàng)很有可能復(fù)活而不是消亡，D項(xiàng)是將不同的群體集合到一起的獨(dú)特方法。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“endangeredlanguages”定位于最后一段的“Languageisremarkablyresilient．語言是很有活力的”，以及結(jié)尾“haveshownthatitispossibletoliveinthemodernworldwhilereclaimingtheiruniqueidentitiesthroughlanguage在現(xiàn)代社會通過語言保存他們獨(dú)特的文化是完全有可能的”。C項(xiàng)揭示了作者的態(tài)度。Passage2Everyone，itseems，hasahealthproblem．AfterpoutingbillionsintotheNationalHealthService，Britishpeoplemoanaboutdirtyhospitals，longwaitsandwastedmoney．InGermanythenewchancellor，AngelaMerkel，isunderfireforsuggestingchangingthefinancingofitshealthsystem．Canada’snewConservativePrimeMinister，StephenHarper，madeabigfussduringtheelectionaboutreducingthecountry’slengthymedicalqueues．Acrosstherichworld，affluence，ageingandadvancingtechnologyaredrivinguphealthspendingfasterthanincome．ButnowherehasabiggerhealthproblemthanAmerica．Soaringmedicalbillsaresqueezingwages，swellingtheranksoftheuninsuredandpushinghugefirmsandperhapseventhegovernmenttowardsbankruptcy．Ford’sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30，000jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofits“l(fā)egacy”health—carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry．Pushedbypollsthatshowhealthcareisoneofhismaindomesticproblemsandbyforecastsshowingthattheretiringbaby-boomerwillcrushthegovernment’sfinances，GeorgeBushisexpectedtounveilareformplaninnextweek’sstate-of-the-unionaddress．America’shealthsystemisunlikeanyother．TheUnitedStatesspends16％ofitsGDPonhealth，aroundtwicetherich-countryaverage，equivalentto$6．280foreveryAmericaneachyear．Yetitistheonlyrichcountrythatdoesnotguaranteeuniversalhealthcoverage．Thankstoanaccidentofhistory，mostAmericansreceivehealthinsurancethroughtheiremployer，withthegovernmentpickingupthebillforthepoorandtheelderly．Thiscurioushybridcertainlyhasitsstrengths．Americanshavemorechoicesthananybodyelse，andtheirhealth—caresystemismuchmoreinnovative．Europeans’billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirresearchanddevelopment(R&D)forthem．Buttherearealsohugeweaknesses．Theonemostoftencited—especiallybyforeigners—isthearmyofuninsured．Some46millionAmericansdonothavecover．Inmanycasesthatisoutofchoiceand，iftheyfallseriouslyill，hospitalshavetotreatthem．Butitisstilldeeplyunequal．Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies：bysomemeasures，30％ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted．Thenthereisthequestionofstatesupport．ManyAmericansdisapproveofthe“socializedmedicine”ofCanadaandEurope．Infact，evenifmuchoftheadministrationisdoneprivately，around60％ofAmerica’shealth—carebillendsupbeingmetbythegovernment．Proportionately，theAmericanstatealreadyspendsasmuchonhealthastheOECD(OrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopment)average，andthatshareissettogrowasthebaby—boomersFURuptheirmedicarebillsandevermoreemployersavoidprovidinghealth—carecoverage．Americais，ineffect，headingtowardsaversionofsocializedmedicinebydefault．6、HealthproblemsmentionedinthepassageincludeallthefollowingEXCEPT________．A、poorhospitalconditionsinU．K．B、AngelaMerkelunderattackC、healthfinancinginGermanyD、longwaitinglinesinCanada標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：推理題。信號詞：mentioned，includeall，EXCEPT。文中提到的醫(yī)療問題不包括下面哪一項(xiàng)：A項(xiàng)英國糟糕的醫(yī)院條件，B項(xiàng)AngelaMerkel受到指責(zé)，C項(xiàng)德國醫(yī)療經(jīng)費(fèi)的籌措，D項(xiàng)加拿大排長隊(duì)。A、C、D項(xiàng)在第一段均有提及，B項(xiàng)是政治人物的問題，不符合題目要求。7、Ford’sannouncementofcuttingupto30，000jobsby2012indicatesthatFord________．A、hasthebiggesthealthproblemofthecarindustryB、hasmadeprofitsfromitshealth—carelegacyC、hasaccumulatedtooheavyahealth—careburdenD、owesagreatdealofdebttoitsemployees標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。信號詞：Ford，30，000jobs，2012。福特宣布到2012年前減少30000個(gè)職位。A項(xiàng)在汽車行業(yè)中醫(yī)療問題最嚴(yán)重，B項(xiàng)從其遺留的醫(yī)療問題中獲益，C項(xiàng)累積了太沉重的醫(yī)療負(fù)擔(dān)，D項(xiàng)欠雇員很多債。根據(jù)題目中的關(guān)鍵詞“30，000”“2012”定位于第二段的“Ford’sannouncementthisweekthatitwouldcutupto30，000jobsby2012wasasmuchasignofit’s‘legacy’health-carecostsasoftheillsofthecarindustry”，C項(xiàng)與其含義相同。8、Intheauthor’sopinion，America’shealthsystemis________．A、inefficientB、feasibleC、unpopularD、successful標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：推理題。信號詞：author’sopinion。根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，美國的醫(yī)療體系：A項(xiàng)效率低，B項(xiàng)靈活，C項(xiàng)不受歡迎，D項(xiàng)成功。根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞“America’shealthsystem”定位于第三、第四段，第四段最后一句話“Andtherearealsoshockinginefficiencies：bysomemeasures，30％ofAmericanhealthspendingiswasted”可知美國醫(yī)療體系效率很低，A項(xiàng)與其含義相同。9、Itisimpliedinthepassagethat________．A、America’shealthsystemhasitsstrengthsandweaknessesB、theU．S．governmentpaysmedicalbillsforthepoorandtheelderlyC、some46millionAmericansdonothavemedicalinsuranceD、EuropeansbenefitalotfromAmerica’smedicalresearch標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：推理題。信號詞：implied。文中暗示：A項(xiàng)美國的醫(yī)療體系存在優(yōu)點(diǎn)和缺點(diǎn)，B項(xiàng)美國政府為窮人和老人支付醫(yī)療費(fèi)，C項(xiàng)大約四千六百萬的美國人沒有醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)，D項(xiàng)歐洲人從美國的醫(yī)療研究中獲益匪淺。根據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞迅速在原文中定位，A、B、C三項(xiàng)都是文中明確說明的，D項(xiàng)需要通過“Europeans’billscouldbemuchhigherifAmericanmedicinewerenotdoingmuchoftheirResearchandDevelopment(R&D)forthem”推出。10、Fromthelastparagraphwemaylearnthatthe“socializedmedicine”is________．A、apracticeofCanadaandEuropeB、apolicyadoptedbytheU．S．governmentC、intendedfortheretiringbaby—boomersD、administeredbyprivateenterprises標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：詞語理解題。信號詞：lastparagraph，socializedmedicine。從最后一段我們了解到“社會化醫(yī)療”是：A項(xiàng)加拿大和歐洲的舉措。B項(xiàng)被美國采納的一項(xiàng)政策，C項(xiàng)為生育高峰期出生的人們退休之用，D項(xiàng)由私營企業(yè)執(zhí)行的。根據(jù)題目關(guān)鍵詞“socializedmedicine”定位于“ManyAmericandisapproveofthe‘socializedmedicine’ofCanadaandEurope”，根據(jù)前后句可推知句意，借助句意知道“socializedmedicine”的含義是加拿大和歐洲的舉措。Passage3WhenThomasKeller，oneofAmerica’sforemostchefs，announcedthatonSept．1hewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe，hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity，andreplaceitwithaEuropean—styleservicecharge，Iknewthreegroupswouldbeopposed：customers，serversandrestaurantowners．Thesethreegroupsareallcommittedtotipping—astheyquicklymadeclearonWebsites．Toopposetipping，itseems，istobeanti-capitalist，andmaybeevenalittleFrench．ButMr．Kellerisrighttomoveawayfromtipping—andit’sworthexploringwhyjustabouteveryoneelseintherestaurantworldiswrongtostickwiththepractice．Customersbelieveintippingbecausetheythinkitmakeseconomicsense．“Waitersknowthattheywon’tgetpaidiftheydon’tdoagoodjob”ishowmostadvocatesofthesystemwouldputit．Tobesure，thisisatempting，apparentlyrationalstatementabouteconomictheory，butitappearstohavelittleapplicabilitytotherealworldofrestaurants．MichaelLynn，anassociateprofessorofconsumerbehaviorandmarketingatCornell’sSchoolofHotelAdministration，hasconducteddozensofstudiesoftippingandhasconcludedthatconsumers’assessmentsofthequalityofservicecorrelateweaklytotheamounttheytip．Rather，customersarelikelytotipmoreinresponsetoserverstouchingthemlightlyandleaningforwardnexttothetabletomakeconversationthantohowoftentheirwaterglassisrefilled--inotherwords，customerstipmorewhentheyliketheserver，notwhentheserviceisgood．Mr．Lynn’sstudiesalsoindicatethatmalecustomersincreasetheirtipsforfemaleserverswhilefemalecustomersincreasetheirtipsformaleservers．What'smore，consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases．Thus，thetippingsystemisanopeninvitationtowhatrestaurantprofessionalscall“upwelling”：everybottleofimportedwater，everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver’spocket．Aggressiveupwellingfortipsisoftenrewardedwhilelow—key，qualityserviceoftengoesunrecognized．Inaddition，thepracticeoftippooling，whichisthenorminfine—diningrestaurantsandisbecomingmorecommonineverykindofrestaurantabovethelevelofagreasyspoon，hasruinedwhatevereffectvotingwithyourtipmighthavehadonanindividualwaiter．Inanunreasonableoutcome，youarepunishingthegoodwaitersintherestaurantbynottippingthebadone．Indeed，thereappearstobelittleconnectionbetweentippingandgoodservice．11、ItmaybeinferredthataEuropean-styleservice________．A、istipping—freeB、chargeslittletipC、istheauthor’sinitiativeD、isofferedatPerSe標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)推理題。信號詞：inferred，European-style?？梢酝茢鄽W洲式的服務(wù)：A項(xiàng)不付小費(fèi)的，B項(xiàng)幾乎不收小費(fèi)，C項(xiàng)是作者發(fā)起的，D項(xiàng)由PerSe提供。A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)含義相近，根據(jù)“hewouldabolishthepracticeoftippingatPerSe，hisluxuryrestaurantinNewYorkCity，andreplaceitwithEuropean-styleservicecharge”，replace表明與付小費(fèi)制度相反。12、WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtotheauthor?A、Tippingisacommonpracticeintherestaurantworld．B、Waitersdon’tcalveabouttipping．C、Customersgenerallybelieveintipping．D、Tippinghaslittleconnectionwiththequalityofservice．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：推理題。信號詞：NOTtrue，accordingtotheauthor。根據(jù)作者的觀點(diǎn)，下面哪個(gè)不真實(shí)：A項(xiàng)在餐飲業(yè)付小費(fèi)是普遍的做法，B項(xiàng)侍者不在乎小費(fèi)，C項(xiàng)顧客通常篤信付小費(fèi)，D項(xiàng)付小費(fèi)與服務(wù)的質(zhì)量關(guān)系甚微。根據(jù)各個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞迅速在原文中定位，A、C、D三項(xiàng)都是文中明確說明的。13、AccordingtoMichaelLynn’sstudies，waiterswilllikelygetmoretipsifthey________．A、haveperformedgoodserviceB、frequentlyrefillcustomers’waterglassC、wincustomers’favorD、servecustomersofthesamesex標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。信號詞：MichaelLynn，moretips。根據(jù)MichaelLynn的研究，侍者可能得到更多的小費(fèi)如果他們：A項(xiàng)提供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)，B項(xiàng)經(jīng)常斟滿顧客的水杯，C項(xiàng)討顧客喜歡，D項(xiàng)為同性顧客服務(wù)。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“moretips”定位于“customerstipthemorewhentheyliketheserver，notwhentheserviceisgood”．C項(xiàng)和原文含義相同，是正確答案。14、Wemayinferfromthecontextthat“upwelling”(Para．6)probablymeans________．A、sellingsomethingupB、sellingsomethingfancyC、sellingsomethingunnecessaryD、sellingsomethingmoreexpensive標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D知識點(diǎn)解析：詞語理解題。信號詞：upwelling，Para．6。我們可以從上下文推斷“upwelling”的意思可能是：A項(xiàng)賣完，B項(xiàng)出售奇特的東西，C項(xiàng)出售多余的東西，D項(xiàng)以更昂貴的價(jià)格出售菜物。根據(jù)前句“what’smore，consumersseemtoforgetthatthetipincreasesasthebillincreases”和冒號后面對“upselling”的解釋“everybottleofimportedwater，everyespressoandeverycocktailisextramoneyintheserver’spocket”可推得正確答案。15、Thispassageismainlyabout________．A、reasonstoabolishthepracticeoftippingB、economicsenseoftippingC、consumers’attitudestowardstippingD、tippingforgoodservice標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。信號詞：mainlyabout。此文主要講述：A項(xiàng)廢除付小費(fèi)行為的原因，B項(xiàng)付小費(fèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)意義，C項(xiàng)消費(fèi)者對付小費(fèi)的態(tài)度，D項(xiàng)為優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)付小費(fèi)。此題是主旨題，通讀首、尾段的首、尾句后可知本文主要講述廢除付小費(fèi)行為的原因。Passage4Thehornshavesoundedandthehoundsarebaying．Acrossthedevelopedworldthehuntformoretaxesfromthewealthyison．RecentausteritybudgetsinFranceandItalyslapped3％surchargesonthosewithincomesabove500，000($680，000)and300，000respectively．NowBarackObamahasproducedanewdeficit—reductionplanthataimsitstaxincreasessquarelyattherich．includinga“Buffettrule”toensurethatnohouseholdmakingmorethan$lmayearpaysaloweraveragetaxratethan“middle—class”familiesdo．TappingtherichtoClosethedeficitis“notclasswarfare”．a(chǎn)rguesMr．Obama．“It’smath．”Actually，it’snotsimplymath．Thequestionofwhethertotaxthewealthymoredependsonpoliticaljudgmentsabouttherightsizeofthestateandtheappropriateroleforredistribution．Themathsaysdeficitscouldtechnicallybetamedbyspendingcutsalone—asMr．Obama’sRepublicanopponentsadvocate．Classwarfaremaybealoadedterm，butitcapturesafundamentaldebateinWesternsocieties：whoshouldsufferforrightingpublicfinances?Therearethreegoodreasonswhythewealthyshouldpaymoretax—thoughnot，byandlarge，inthewaysthattherichworld’sgovernmentscurrentlypropose．First，theWest’sdeficitsshouldnotbeclosedbyspendingcutsalone．Publicspendingshouldcertainlytakethebrunt．Butexperiencealsoarguesthathighertaxesshouldbepartofthemix．InAmericathetaxtakeishistoricallylowafteryears0fratereductions．There，andelsewhere，taxrisesneedtobearsomeoftheburden．Second．thereisapoliticalargumentforraisingthisnewrevenuefromtherich．Spendingcutsfalldisproportionatelyonthelesswell-off；and，evenbeforethecrunch，medianincomeswerestagnating．Meanwhile，globalizationhasbeenrewardingwinnersevermoregenerously．Voters’supportforongoingausteritydependsonadisproportionateshareofanynewrevenuecomingfromthewealthy．Giventherichworld’sneedforfastergrowth，governmentsshouldbewaryofsharptaxincreases—especiallysincetheyareunnecessary．Indeed，thethirdargumentforraisingmoremoneyfromtherichisthatitcanbedonenotbyincreasingmarginaltaxrates，butbymakingthetaxcodemoreefficient．ThescopefordoingsoismostobviousinAmerica，whichreliesfarmorethanothercountriesonincometaxesandhasamassofdeductionsoneverythingfrominterestpaymentsonmortgagestoemployer—providedhealthcare，sotaxesareleviedonaverynarrowbase．Sincethemainbeneficiariesofthedeductionsarethewealthy。richerfolkwouldpaymost0fthat．Andsincemarginalrateswouldbeuntouched(orreduced)，suchareformwoulddolesstodiscouragethemfromcreatingwealth．16、Theword“austerity”(Para．1)mostprobablymeans________．A、unpredictabilityB、shortageC、notorietyD、urgency標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：含義題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。該詞位于第三句中，前一句指出，發(fā)達(dá)國家開始向富人征收更多的稅(thehuntformoretaxesfromthewealthyison)，接著第三、四句舉了一些發(fā)達(dá)國家的例子，即最近法國和意大利實(shí)行的預(yù)算(RecentausteritybudgetsinFranceandItaly)，向收入超過50萬歐元(68萬美元)和30萬歐元的人分別多征收了3％的稅，而奧巴馬也制定了向富人加稅的新的赤字削減計(jì)劃(newdeficit-reductionplanthataimsitstaxincreasessquarelyatthelich)。可見，法國和意大利實(shí)行的預(yù)算同奧巴馬實(shí)行的赤字削減計(jì)劃性質(zhì)相同，都是通過向富人征收更多的稅來補(bǔ)貼有限的財(cái)政預(yù)算，由此可推知，目前的財(cái)政預(yù)算政策是緊縮的財(cái)政政策，可知B項(xiàng)最符合題意，故為答案。17、Itcanbelearnedfromthefirstparagraphthat________．A、huntingformoretaxesfromtherichcanreducetheclassdifferencesB、thelow—incomefamiliesdonotneedtopayincometaxC、Obama’splanisdesignedtonarrowthedeficitbytaxingtherichD、Buffettsetsagoodexamplefortaxpayers標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段。第四句提到奧巴馬已經(jīng)制定一個(gè)全新的赤字削減計(jì)劃，將增稅的目標(biāo)明確指向富人(BarackObamahasproducedanewdeficit—reductionplanthataimsitstaxincreasessquarelyattherich)。故可推知，奧巴馬的計(jì)劃旨在削減財(cái)政赤字，而且是通過增加對富人的稅收來削減赤字，C項(xiàng)為原文內(nèi)容的同義替換，故正確。18、WhichofthefollowingisthereasonfortaxingmorefromtherichintheU．S．?A、ThetaxrateintheU．S．islowerthanthatinothercountries．B、Therichsufferlittlefromspendingcuts．C、Spendingcutisnotenoughtosettlefinancialproblems．D、Thericharenotinfluencedbytheincreasingmarginaltaxrates．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞thereasonfortaxingmorefromtherich可定位至文章第三、四段。這兩段說明了向富人多征稅的三點(diǎn)原因(threegoodreasonswhythewealthyshouldpaymoretax)。其中，第三段第二句指出原因之一：西方國家的赤字不能僅通過削減開銷來縮小(theWest’sdeficitsshouldnotbeclosedbyspendingcutsalone)，第三、四句還指出，公共開支理應(yīng)首當(dāng)其沖，但經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明增加稅收也應(yīng)該是眾多措施的一部分(highertaxesshouldbepartofthemix)，C項(xiàng)與文意相符，故正確。19、Theauthor’sattitudetowardsAmerica’shighertaxesontherichisoneof________．A、positivenessB、skepticismC、objectivenessD、indifference標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：態(tài)度題。本題就作者對向富人征收更多稅的態(tài)度提問，由于文中并沒有文字能直接表明作者的態(tài)度，故需分析全文得知。文章前兩段首先說明了討論的主題：發(fā)達(dá)國家為了削減財(cái)政赤字開始向富人征收更多的稅。接著第三、四段集中說明了對富人征收更多稅的三點(diǎn)原因，這幾點(diǎn)原因頗具說服力，表明作者是支持向富人征稅的。最后一段首句又提到，在美國，對富人多征稅的可能性最明顯(thescopefordoingsoismostobviousinAmerica)，接著后文具體解釋了原因。由此可知，作者是支持向富人征收更多稅的，故A項(xiàng)符合文中作者的態(tài)度，故為答案。20、Whichofthefollowingisthetextmainlyabout?A、U．S．governmentshouldmakespecialtaxrulesfortherich．B、Moretaxesshouldbehuntedforfromtherich．C、Manycountriesneednewtaxpoliciestohandlefinancialproblems．D、Obama’snewplanwillsavethecountry’seconomy．標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：主旨題。文章第一段開門見山地提出了文章的主題：向富人征收更多的稅，接著第一段圍繞這一主題介紹了發(fā)達(dá)國家，尤其是美國實(shí)施這一措施的情況。第二段承接第一段，繼續(xù)指出向富人多征稅引發(fā)了“誰該為平衡公共財(cái)政埋單”的爭議(Whoshouldsufferforrightingpublicfinances)。接著第三、四段給出了向富人多征稅的理由。第五段作者則特別說明了這一做法在美國實(shí)施的可能性及其原因。由以上分析可知，本文主要圍繞著向富人征稅這一問題展開論述，說明了這一措施的目的、原因以及在美國的可行性，B項(xiàng)準(zhǔn)確且全面地概括了原文主旨，故正確。Passage5TheUnitedStatesisnot(thankgoodness)aculturallyhomogeneouscountry．Itconsistsofmanydistinctmoralcommunities．Oncertainsocialissues，suchasabortionandhomosexuality，peopledon’tagreeandprobablyneverwill—andthesignalpoliticaladvantageofthefederalistsystemisthattheydon’thaveto．Individualsandgroupswhofindthevaluesorlawsofonestateobnoxioushavethefightto1ivesomewhereelse．ThenationalizationofabortionpolicyintheSupremeCourt’s1973Roev．Wadedecisioncreatedatextbookexampleofwhatcanhappenwhenthisfederalistprincipleisignored．IftheSupremeCourthadnotsteppedin，abortionwouldtodaybelegalinmoststatesbutnotall；pro—liferswouldhavethecomfortofknowingtheycouldliveinastatewhoselawwascompatiblewiththeirviews．InsteadofendlesslyconfrontingaculturalschismthataffectseverySupremeCourtnomination，wewouldseeoccasionallocalflare—upsinstatelegislaturesorcourtrooms．Americaisastrongercountryforthemoraldiversitythatfederalismuniquelyallows．Morallawandfamilvlawgovernthemostintimateand，often，themostcontroversialspheresoflife．Forthesakeofdomestictranquility．domesticlawisbestlefttoalevelofgovernmentthatisclosetohome．Sowellsuitedisthefederalistsystemtothegay—marriageissuethatitmightalmosthavebeensetuptohandleit．Inanewlandwhosecitizensfolloweddifferentreligioustraditions，itwouldhavemadenosensetocentralizemarriageorfamilylaw．AndsomarriagehasbeenthedomainoflocallawnotjustsincethedaysoftheFoundersbutsinceColonialtimes，beforethestateswerestates．Tomyknowledge，thefederalgovernmenthasoverruledthestatesonmarriageonlytwice．ThefirsttimewaswhenitrequiredUtahtobanpolygamyasaconditionforjoiningtheUnion—andnotethatthisrulingwasissuedbeforeUtahbecameastate．Thesecondtimewasin1967，whentheSupremeCourt，inLovingv．Virginia，struckdownsixteenstates’bansoninterracialmarriage·HeretheCourtsaidnotthatmarriageshouldbedefinedbythefederalgovernmentbutonlythatstatescouldnotdefinemarriageinwaysthatviolatedcoreconstitutionalrights．OntheoneoccasionwhenCongressdirectlyaddressedsame—sexmarriage，inthe1996DefenseofMarriageAct，itdecreedthatthefederalgovernmentwouldnotrecognizesame—sexmarriagesbuttookcarenottoimposethatruleonthestates．21、Thepoliticaladvantagesofafederalistsystemisthat________．A、peoplemayhavedifferentopinionsaboutabortionB、controversialopinionsoncertainsocialissuesareallowedC、somestatesaremoreobnoxiousthanothersD、peoplecanmovefromstatetostateiftheylike標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞thepoliticaladvantageofafederalistsystem定位到第一段。第一段提到，對于某些社會問題，人們的意見不統(tǒng)一，而且可能永遠(yuǎn)不會統(tǒng)一，隨后提到聯(lián)邦體制的政治優(yōu)勢——人們不必持有相同的意見。B項(xiàng)“可以容許人們對某些社會問題持有爭論性觀點(diǎn)”與此意符合，為正確答案。A項(xiàng)“人們可以對墮胎持有不同的觀點(diǎn)”和D項(xiàng)“如果人們愿意，他們可以從一個(gè)州遼移到另一個(gè)州”只是人們不必持有相同意見的具體表現(xiàn)；C項(xiàng)“某些州比其他州更令人討厭”是針對該段晟后一句話設(shè)置的干擾項(xiàng)，與文意不符。22、WhatweknowaboutabortionlawinAmericanisthat________．A、itisillegalinalloverAmericatohaveanabortionB、theSupremeCourthadnotinterferedinabortionlawC、abortionusedtobealegalpracticeinmoststatesD、abortionisstilllegalinmoststatesinAmericatoday標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞abortion定位到第二段。第二段首先指出最高法院有關(guān)墮胎的全國性政策，隨后指出，如果最高法院當(dāng)時(shí)沒有介入的話，那么現(xiàn)在墮胎在大多數(shù)州但不是所有州都是合法的。這說明，墮胎以前在大多數(shù)州合法。C項(xiàng)“在大多數(shù)州，墮胎以前是合法行為”與此意符合，為正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)均與題意不符。23、Thelocalgovernmentisoftenresponsibleforlocaldomesticlawaffairsbecause________．A、theSupremeCourtdeemsitabigburdenB、thiswayofhandlingdomesticlawsguaranteesabetterstabilityC、localfamiliesresentthedecisionsmadebytheSupremeCourtD、themoraldiversityisstrongeronthelocallevelofgovernment標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞localdomesticlawaffairs定位到第三段。第三段提到道德法規(guī)和家庭行為準(zhǔn)則，指出為了家庭的穩(wěn)定，家庭行為準(zhǔn)則最好交給離家庭最近的那一級政府掌管。這說明，原因是為了穩(wěn)定。B項(xiàng)“管理家庭行為準(zhǔn)則的這種方式確保了更好的穩(wěn)定”與此意符合，為正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)都屬于無中生有。24、Theauthorseemstothinkthatgaymarriageshouldbe________．A、lefttothedecisionofindividualstategovernmentB、thesoleresponsibilityofthefederalgovernmentC、bannedonboththefederalandtheIocallevelsD、overruledbytheSupremeCourtassoonaspossible標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞gaymarriage定位到最后一段。最后一段提到，在一個(gè)公民遵從不同宗教傳統(tǒng)的新國家，把婚姻和家庭行為準(zhǔn)則集中化毫無道理，所以，婚姻一直是地方法律的管轄領(lǐng)域。這說明，作者認(rèn)為，同性婚姻應(yīng)該由地方政府處理。A項(xiàng)“留給當(dāng)事人所在的州政府決定”是對文中相關(guān)信息的概括，為正確答案。其他三項(xiàng)均與題意不符。25、Wecanlearnfromthetextthat________．A、thefederalgovernmentandthelocalgovernmentmayhavedifferentrulingsconcerningthelegalstatusofgaymarriageB、thefederalgovernmenthasalonghistoryofinterferinginthedecisionsconcerningmarriageissuesonlocallevelsC、thefederalgovernmenthasnevermadeaclearexpressionabouttheirdecisionconcerninggaymarriageD、iflocalgovernmentallowsgaymarriagethenthatmarriagewillalsoberecognizedbyThefederalgovernment標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A知識點(diǎn)解析：推斷題。最后一段提到，婚姻一直是地方法律的管轄領(lǐng)域，國會宣稱，聯(lián)邦政府不承認(rèn)同性婚姻，但不會把這一決定強(qiáng)加給各州。這說明，聯(lián)邦政府和地方政府都可以對同性婚姻做出自己的決定。A項(xiàng)“聯(lián)邦政府和地方政府可能對同性婚姻的法律地位問題做出不同的規(guī)定”與此意符合，為正確答案。B、C兩項(xiàng)與原文不符；D項(xiàng)原文未提。Passage6LindaEvanswasmybestfriend-likethesisterIneverhad．Wedideverythingtogether：pianolessons，movies，swimming，andhorsebackriding．WhenIwas13，myfamilymovedaway，LindaandIkeptintouchthroughletters，andwesaweachotheronspecialtime—likemyweddingandLinda’s．Soonwewerebusywithchildrenandmovingtonewhomes，andwewrotelessoften．OnedayacardthatIsentcameback，stamped“AddressUnknown”．IhadnoideahowtofindLinda．Overtheyears，ImissedLindaverymuch．1wantedtosharehappinessofmychildrenandthengrandchildren．AndIneededtosharemysadnesswhenmybrotherandthenmotherdied．TherewasanemptyplaceinmyheartthatonlyafriendlikeLindacouldfill．OnedayIwasreadinganewspaperwhenInoticedaphotoofayoungwomanwholookedverymuchlikeLindaandwhoselastnamewasWagman—Linda’smarriedname．“TheremustbethousandsofWagmans．”Ithought，butIstillwrotetoher．Shecalledassoonasshegotmyletter．“Mrs．Tobin!”shesaidexcitedly．“LindaEvansWagmanismymother．”MinuteslaterIheardavoicethatIknewverymuch，evenafter40years，laughedandcriedandcaughtuponeachother’slives．Nowtheemptyplaceinmyheartisfilled．Andthere’sonethingthatLindaandIknowforsure：Wewon’tloseeachotheragain！26、ThewriterwenttopianolessonswithLindaEvans________．A、attheageof13B、beforeshegotmarriedC、after