虛擬語氣與強調句型講義

虛擬語氣虛擬語氣表示動作或狀態(tài)是說話人的主觀愿望、假設、猜測或建議，而不表示客觀存在的事實。虛擬語氣通過謂語動詞的特殊形式來表示。主要用于條件句、讓步狀語從句和表示建議的名詞性從句中。（一）與事實相反的假設1.虛擬條件句謂語動詞的構成形式：條件狀語從句（if）（以do為例）主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反did(be→were)would/should/could/mightdo與過去事實相反haddonewould/should/could/mighthavedone與將來事實相反A：did（were）B：weretodoC：shoulddowould/should/could/mightdo例如：IfIwereyou,IshouldstudyEnglish.Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldn’thavefailedintheexamination.Ifitweretoraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.2.當條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間來調整。例如：Ifyouhadworkedhard,youwouldn’tbeverytirednow.(從句說的是過去，主句指的是現(xiàn)在)3.條件句中省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，形成倒裝。例如：WereIinschoolagain,Iwouldworkharder.Hadyoubeenhereearlier,youwouldhaveseenhim.Shouldtherebeameetingtomorrow,Iwouldcome.4其它方式表示。(1)虛擬語氣在asif(asthough)、evenif(eventhough)等引導的表語從句或狀語從句中的應用如果從句表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，用過去完成時，指現(xiàn)在狀況，則用過去時，指將來則用過去將來時。例如：HespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.(2)Butforyourhelp(withoutyourhelp),Iwouldhavefailed.(3)IamgladIstudied.Otherwise,Iwouldhavefailed.針對練習1.Butfortheirhelp,we__________theprogramintime.A.cannotfinishB.willnotfinishC.hadnotfinished D.couldnothavefinished2.Ifitwerenotforthefactthatshe_______sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldn'tB.shouldn'tC.can'tD.mightnot3.Ifshe_______sing,Iwouldinvitehertotheparty.A.couldB.shouldC.canD.might4.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe______,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome B.didcomeC.came D.hadcome5.—Ifhe________,he_______thatfood.—Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnottakeB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken6.Thoughthegirlhadbeensufferingfromtheblooddisease,sheactedasifnothing____toherwhilefacingherfriendsandrelations.A.happenedB.wouldhappenC.washappenedD.hadhappened7.Ifit________sohard，we’dgototown.A.isn’trainingB.weren’trainingC.doesn’trainD.hasrain8._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge

A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will（二）主觀愿望或祝愿1.“wish+賓語從句”表示不能實現(xiàn)的愿望。表示現(xiàn)在不能實現(xiàn)的愿望，從句的謂語動詞用did(be→were)；表示過去不能實現(xiàn)的愿望時用haddone或could/would+havedone；表示將來不能實現(xiàn)的愿望用would/coulddo。例如：Iwishitwerespringalltheyearround.Iwishyoucouldgowithus.Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.2.ifonly…要是…就好了，如：IfonlyIcouldflylikeaneagle.IfonlyIhadcarriedoutmypromise.3.注意→wouldrather+賓語從句表示一種主觀愿望。例如：Iwouldratheryoucametomypartytomorrow.Iwouldratheryouhadnotgonethere.針對練習1.—Doyoumindifwesetoutearliertomorrowmorning?—Well,I’dratheryou____.A.don’t B.didn’t C.won’t D.wouldn’t2.—I____toyourbirthdaypartylastSunday.—Unfortunately,youwereoutonbusiness.A.hadcomeB.cameC.wouldcomeD.wouldhavecome3.LookatthetroubleIamin!IfonlyI________youradvice.A.followed B.wouldfollowC.hadfollowed D.shouldfollow4.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.

A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie5.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.

A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad6.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday

---Ihadrathershe____metomorrowthantoday

A.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold7.Iwishthatyou___suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert

A.hadnot B.didnothavehad C.hadn’thad D.hadn’thave8.HowIwishI____torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse

A.hadtried B.hadn’ttried C.havetried D.didn’ttry（三）建議1.Itis(high)time(that)…“（現(xiàn)在）該……”句型中，從句中的動詞用虛擬語氣，其形式為動詞的過去式或should+do，如：Itis(high/about)time(that)wewent/shouldgotobed.2.important/necessary/advisable/desirable/natural/vital/essential/significant/urgent等形容詞，以it為形式主語或形式賓語所引導的從句中的謂語用虛擬語氣，其形式為should+do或省略do的動詞原形。如：Itisimportantthatwe(should)protectwildanimals.Wefounditnecessarythateverybody(should)bepresentatthemeetingontime.3.在command、demand、desire、insist、order、propose、request、require、suggest（建議）、advise、recommend等表示建議的動詞以及相應的各種名詞性從句中，從句中的謂語用虛擬語氣，其形式為“(should)+do”或省略should用動詞原形。例如：Weinsistedthatthey(should)gowithus.Thedoctororderedthatthey(should)stayinbedforafewdays.注意→①當insist意為“堅持認為”時賓語從句用陳述語氣。當insist意為“堅決要求”時賓語從句用虛擬語氣。例如：Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.②suggest作“暗示”講用真實時態(tài)，如：Thewhitelookonhisfacesuggestedthathewasill.針對練習1.It’shightimethatwestudents_____evenharderatourlessonsasthenationalentranceexaminationiscomingnearer.A.workB.willworkC.workedD.havetowork2.____himnottodoso,hewouldn’thavemadesuchaseriousmistake.A.DidIpersuadeB.IfIpersuadeC.IfIshouldpersuadeD.HadIpersuade3.Hissuggestionthatyou____oncemoresoundsreasonable.A.tryB.triedC.musttryD.cantry4.Sheinsistedthatshe________illofhimbehindhim，buthedidn’tbelieveit.A.hadn’tspokenB.shouldn’tspeakC.wouldn’tspeakD.notspeak5.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI________inlove，attheageofseven，withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall6.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim

A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;is7.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.

A.was,hadhelpedB.was,wouldhavehelped C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelped D.were,wouldhavehelped8.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again

A.shouldputon B.wouldputon C.beputon D.puton綜合練習1.Ifhe____mehistelephonenumberyesterday,I____abletoringhimupnow.

A.told;wouldbe

B.hadtold;wouldbe

C.hadtold;wouldhavebeen

D.told;am2.IfI____you,I____toAustraliawithMr.Smith.A.hadbeen;wouldgo

B.were;hadgone

C.were;wouldhavegone

D.am;willgo3.Ourmonitorwasabsent.OtherwiseI____thechair.A.wouldnottake

B.didn'ttake

C.hadn'ttaken

D.wouldn'thavetaken4.—Theexperimenthasfailed!—Isuggestthatyou____again.A.try

B.trying

C.willtry

D.wouldtry5.Hissilenceatthemeetingsuggestedthathe____toyourplan.A.didn'tagree

B.hadn'tagreed

C.wouldn'tagree

D.notagree6.Themanagerwasangryandorderedthatthiswork____tomorrow.

A.befinished

B.finish

C.wasfinished

D.wouldfinish7.

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13.Histiredfacesuggestedthathe________reallytiredafterthelongwalk.A.hadbeenB.wasC.beD.shouldbe14.Itisimportantthatwe________.thewindowbeforeweleaveA.shallcloseB.willcloseC.mustcloseD.close15.Tenminutesearlier,they___theplane.A.willcatchB.wouldcatchC.wouldhavecaughtD.willhavecaught強調句型一、強調句型結構（一）用Itis／was…that／who…句型表示強調。被強調的部分（通常是句子的主語、狀語、賓語或賓語補足語）放在is／was的后面，如被強調的是人，則后面可用who，whom等代替。Hemetanoldfriendintheparkyesterday.強調主語：強調賓語：強調時間狀語：強調地點狀語：（二）謂語動詞的強調1、Itis/was…that…結構不能強調謂語，如果需要強調謂語時，用助動詞do/does或did。e.g.Hedidwritetoyoulastweek. Dobecarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.2、注意：此種強調只用do/does和did，沒有別的形式；過去時用did，后面的謂語動詞用原形。（三）疑問句的強調結構：一般疑問句：Is/Was+it+that+句子的其他部分（陳述語序）。簡單的答語為：“Yes,itis/was.”或“No,itisn’t/wasn’t.”(1)----Was____thatIsawlastnightattheconcert?----No,itwasn’t.A.ityouB.notyouC.youD.thatyourself(2)----"Wasn'titDrWangwhospoketoyoujustnow?-----_______.A.Ididn'tknowhewas.B.Yes,itwas.C.No,hewasn't.D.Yes,hedid.(3)Wasitin1969________theAmericanastronautsucceeded________landingonthemoon?A.when;onB.that;onC.when;inD.that;in特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+is/was+it+that+句子的其他部分（陳述語序）。e.g.:Wheredidyouseehercellphoneyesterday?àWherewasitthatyousawhercellphoneyesterday?(強調特殊疑問詞where）

Howwillyougotovisithertomorrow?àHowisitthatyouwillgotovisithertomorrow?（強調特殊疑問詞how）(4)Ireallydon’tknow_____Ihadmymoneystolen.AwhereisitthatBwhenitisthatCwhereitwasthatDitwaswherethat(5)____findmywallet,Tom?A.WheredidyouthatB.WherewasityouC.WherehaveyouD.Wherewasitthatyou(6).Wherewasit________youfoundthelostchild?A.whoB.thatC.whichD.what（四）not…until…句型的強調句 1、句型為：Itis/wasnotuntil+被強調部分+that+其它部分 e.g.普通句：Hedidn’tgotobeduntil/tillhiswifecameback.強調句：Itwasnotuntilhiswifecamebackthathewenttobed. 2、注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till,until可通用；因為句型中Itis/wasnot…已經是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。(五)有時也可用Itmightbe…that…;Itmusthavebeen…that…句型表示強調。如:Itmightbehisfatherthatyou’rethinkingof.Itmustbehisfatherthatyousaw.二、強調句型的判斷把“It,be，that”去掉，如果剩余部分句子結構仍然完整（被強調部分要還原到原位置），那么這個句子就是強調句；如果句子不完整，則不是強調句。如：（1）①Itishewho/thatoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.②Itisonthehillsidethatweplanttreeseveryyear.③Itwasbecauseofbadweatherthatthefootballmatchhadtobeputoff.④Itwas9o'clockwhenwecameback．⑤Itwas3hourssincewehadcomeback．（2）①Itwasatthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.

Itwasthetheatre_________Lincolnwasmurdered.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.theone②Itwasourteacher________didtheexperimentinthelablastnight.A.whomB.thatC.whichD.where③Itwastenyearsago________MissGaoreturnedtoChina.A.thatB.whenC.sinceD.as④Itwas________hesaid______disappointedme.A.what;thatB.that;thatC.what;whatD.that;what⑤Itwasforthisreason________herunclemovedoutofNewYorkandsettleddowninasmallvillage.A.whichB.whyC.thatD.how三、強調句型幾注意首先，我們按強調句的語序來總結強調句的五項注意：1.句首詞用“It”，不能用“This”，“That”等。2.be動詞的形式是is或was，不能用復數(shù)形式are或were。若原句的謂語動詞用了現(xiàn)在時或將來時，則用is;若原句的謂語動詞用了過去時或過去完成時，則用was.（1)It___theChinesewomenthat___agreatroleinthesocialistconstruction.

Ais;playsBare;playCis;playDare;plays（2)___alltheseexercises____allofuscandotomorrow.

A.Itis;thatB.Itwas;thatCTheyare;whichDItwillbe;that3.被強調的部分如果是代詞，強調主語用主格，強調賓語用賓格。如：（1）Itishimthat/who/whomImetinthestreetyesterday.（2）ItisIwho/thatamwrong.4.連接詞一般用that，當強調部分是人時，既可用that也可用who.特別注意當強調部分是時間狀語或地點狀語時，不能用when或where。Eg:ItwasonOct1st,1949thatPeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Itwasatthegate________hetoldmethenews.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.when5.主謂一致問題被強調的主語要和that后面的謂語動詞在數(shù)上保持一致。（1）ItisMarywhooften_____(help)mewithmyEnglish.（2）ItisIthat____(be)againstyou.（3）ItistheboystudentsofClassTwowho___(be)playingfootballontheplayground.（4）ItisMrGreen,togetherwithhiswifeandchildren,that____inChinanow.AareBisCwasDwere(5)Itwasneitheryounorhethat___toblameforthemistake.6.not…until結構的強調：強調“not…until”引導的時間狀語時，要用“itis/wasnotuntil…that…”結構,，that后面的句子要用肯定式，且須用陳述句語序。Eg:Wedidnotgetoffthebusuntilitstopped.àItwasnotuntilitstoppedthatwegotoffthebus.(注意：強調該結構時notuntil不能分開)(1)Itwasnotuntil1920___regularradiobroadcastbegan.A.whileB.whichC.thatD.since(2)Itwasnot____shetookoffherdarkglasses____Irealizedshewasafamousfilmstar.A.when;thatB.until;thatC.until;whenD.when;then(3)Itwas________backhomeaftertheexperiment.A.notuntilmidnightdidhegoB.untilmidnightthathedidn'tgoC.notuntilmidnightthathewentD.untilmidnightwhenhedidn'tgo（4）Itwasnotuntil________that________topreparehislessons.A.didhisfathercomein;theboybeganB.hisfathercamein;theboybeganC.didhisfathercomein;didtheboybeginD.hisfathercameindidtheboybegin7.強調時間狀語和地點狀語時與定語從句的區(qū)別：

(1)Itwasonthefarmthatwepractisedplantingcrops.Itwasthefarmwherewelearnedalot.(2)ItwasatthestreetcornerthatImetLucyyesterday.ItwasthestreetcornerwhereImetLucyyesterday.(3)Wasitinthispalace________thelastemperordied?A.thatB.inwhichC.inwhereD.which8.強調句型與主語從句的區(qū)別：強調句型可以還原成正常語序的句子，也就是說，強調句型中去掉Itbe…that后，句子仍然通順，意義也依然完整，只是沒有那么強調突出。而含主語從句的復合句中的it是指示代詞，后面多為系表結構或被動語態(tài)。如果去掉Itbe…that，句子就不通順了。如：Itiscertainthatheishonestandmodest.ItisknowntoallthatpaperwasmadefirstinChina.【考點定位】本題考查強調句型和名詞性從句?？键c1、強調部分從短語向句子過渡。Itiswhatyoudoratherthanwhatyousay________matters.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.this考點2、強調句從肯定句向否定句、一般疑問句和特殊疑問句過渡。強調句的否定句形式為：Itis/wasnot+被強調部分+that/who...強調句的一般疑問句形式為：Is/Wasit+被強調部分+that/who...?強調句的特殊疑問句形式為：疑問詞+is/wasit+that/who...?—________thathemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.A.WherewasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit考點3、從考查單一的強調句到把強調句置于從句中，增加判斷句子的難度。Davidsaidthatitwasbecauseofhisstronginterestinliterature________hechosethecourse.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.how考點4、干擾因素增多，增加了與其它相似句型的辨析，尤其是it開頭的句子。考查強調句與非強調句的辨別1.設置陷阱，使考生將強調句誤判為非強調句。如：ItmighthavebeenJohn______boughtapresentforMaryyesterday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.which2.設置陷阱，使考生將非強調句誤判為強調句。如：ItwaseveningwereachedthelittletownofWinchester.A.that B.until C.since D.before針對練習1.____wasJanethatIsawinthelibrarythismorning.A.ItB.HeC.SheD.That2.whenwasityoucalledmeyesterday?A.untilB.thatC.thenD.so3.ItwasonOctober1st____newChinawasfounded.A.whichB.whenC.asD.that4.Wasitbecausehewasill____heaskedforleave?A.andB.thatC.that’sD.so5.Itisimaginationmakestheworldcolorful,fullofvigorand