計算機專家讓用戶們提防黑客的來訪

21stCenturyCollegeEnglish:Book1

Unit9:TextA

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Unit9:TextA

■LeacHnActivities

■TextOrganization

?Reading&WritingSkills

■LanguagePoints

■GuidedPractice

■Assignment

Lead-inActivities|合

QuestionsforDiscussion

1.IstheEarthgettingwarmer?Howdoesthe

^greenhouseeffect”comeintobeing?

2.Howdoes^greenhouseeffect"influenceourdaily

life?

3.Haveyougotanyeffectivewaystosolvethis

problem?

TextOrganization

TheStructureofTextA

Phenomenon:Carbondioxidelevelsareontherise.

w

Causes:Anincreasingamountoffossilsareburned,

oo

Effects:Greenhouseeffect.Anincreaseofthe

earth'stemperatureissuretotakeplace

r^Para.8-9

Solutions:Thegreenhouseproblemshouldbe

tacklednow.Para.10

畫

Reading&WritingSkills

1.Thisessayisprimarilyconcernedwith

informingthereaderaboutanumberof

possibleresultsthatmightcomefromthe

greenhouseeffect.Thisisanexampleofcause

andeffectwriting,whichmakesclearthe

reasonswhysomethinghappensbyshowingthe

connectionbetweenacause(orcauses)andits

effect(oreffects).

ReadingAnalysis自

2.Becausetheevidenceaboutthegreenhouseeffectisstill

somewhatinconclusive,theauthorhastoexpressadegree

ofuncertaintyabouttheconnectionsbetweentheircauses

andeffects.Hedoesthisbyusingmodalverbssuchas

“could"and“would”andbyusingexpressionssuchas

“thereisconsiderabledebate”and“somescientiststhink.”

Withapartnei;gooverthetextandunderlineallthe

modalverbsandotherwordsorphraseswhichexpressa

degreeofuncertaintyaboutfutureeflfectsoraboutthe

connectionbetweencausesandeffects.Explainwhateach

onemeansinitscontext.

IntensiveStudy

HothouseEarth

ByKevinMckean

1Headlineswarnedofrisingtemperaturesandmelting

polaricecaps.

IntensiveStudy畫直］

2Scientistsissuedreportsonthesevereclimatechanges

thatcouldresultfromthe“greenhouseeffect55-thegradual

warmingoftheatmospherecausedbyanincreaseincarbon

dioxidelevelsfromtheburningoffossilfuels,sayingthat

averageglobaltemperaturescouldstarttorisewithinafew

decadesandreachlevelsninedegreesFahrenheithigherthan

today'stemperaturesbytheendofthenextcentury.This,

expertssaid,couldcreatedangerouschangestoglobal

weatherpatterns.Forinstance,itcouldchangeannual

amountsofrainfall,swellordryuprivers,andraisethelevel

oftheseas.

IntensiveStudy畫直］

3Whileadmittingthatthisforecastwassomewhat

uncertain,scientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryofwolf.

Althoughthereisconsiderabledebateoverhowseverethe

greenhouseeffectwillbe,onethingseemscertain:Carbon

dioxidelevelsareontherise.

IntensiveStudy畫直］

4Whoorwhatistoblame?Scientistsconcludethatitisthe

burningofcoal,oil,syntheticfuels,andnaturalgas.These

fossilenergysourcesreleaseanestimatedfiveandahalfbillion

tonsofcarbonintotheatmosphereeachyearascolorless,

odorlessCO2gas.

IntensiveStudy畫直］

5Theincreasedcarbondioxidecouldprofoundlyaffectthe

waytheearthisheatedbythesun.Thesun'senergystrikesthe

earthmainlyintheformofvisiblelight.Astheearthheatsup,

itradiatesthisenergybackintospace,butatthemuchlonger

wavelengthsofinfraredlight,orheat.Carbondioxideletsthe

visiblelightpassthrough,butabsorbsenergyatinfrared

wavelengths.Thus,themorecarbondioxidethereisinthe

atmosphere,themoretheearth'sheatisblockedfrom

escaping-justasablanketholdsintheheatofasleeper's

body.Inthelate1800s,aSwedishscientistgavethis

phenomenonitsnamewhenhecomparedittothewayglass

shutsinairheatedbythesuninagreenhouse.

IntensiveStudy畫直］

6Somescientiststhinkthegreenhouseeffectalreadyhas

begun:Averageglobaltemperatureshaverisenaboutone

degreeFahrenheitinthepastninetyyears(withadipfrom

themid-1940sto1970).Othersarguethattherisecouldbe

duetonaturaltemperatureupsanddowns.

IntensiveStudy畫直］

7Nevertheless,mostscientistsagreethattheaccumulation

ofcarbondioxidehasreachedthepointwhereanincreasein

temperatureissuretotakeplace.Onestudysaidaverage

globaltemperaturesprobablywouldrisenearlyfourdegrees

bythetwenty-firstcentury-atotalwarminggreaterthan

thatsincethelasticeage.

IntensiveStudy畫直］

8Risingtemperatureswouldbejustthebeginning.The

heatingwouldshiftglobalrainfallpatterns,bringing

droughttosomenow-fertileareasandirrigatingsome

deserts.Likewise,mountainglaciersandpolaricecaps

couldmeltsubstantially,causingtheseastorisetwofeetby

theendofthecentury.Manylow-lyingcommunitiescould

beflooded.Worstofall,theeffectmaybeirreversible.

IntensiveStudy畫直］

9Somehavemaintainedthattheworldfacessuchgreat

dangersfrompopulationgrowth,diminishingfoodsupply,and

thespreadofnuclearweaponsthatthegreenhousethreatseems

mildbycomparison.Othersarguethatsincetheearthhas

enduredalongstringoficeagesinthelasttwomilliontothree

millionyears,anywarmingislikelytobetemporary.Evenso,

thosewhotrytominimizetheproblemmustalsoexplainaway

theharshconditionsontheplanetVenus.There,arunaway

greenhouseeffectisthoughttoaccountforsurface

temperaturesapproaching900degreesFahrenheit;Venus5s

cloud-shroudedatmosphereisabout97percentcarbondioxide.

IntensiveStudyE2

10Althoughfewscientiststhinktheearthwillgothewayof

Venus,mostagreethatthegreenhouseproblemshouldbe

tacklednow.Cityplanningshouldberevised;dykesand

reservoirsshouldbebuilt;aneyeshouldbekeptopenonthe

thermometerforthefirstdefinitesignthatthegreenhouseera

hasarrived.

.Keywordsrphrases&usages

warnof/against

—giveawarningabout

nslate

?訖期fl志露迪用房覆腐敢的痞ngen

?Hewarnedmeagainstgoingthereatnight.

Thecomputerexpertwarnedtheusersagainstthe

visitsfromhackers.

:Keywordsrphrases&usages

■

:resultfrom

:一betheresultof,happenbecauseof

■Translate

X兩國之間的爭論最終導致為一場血腥的戰(zhàn)爭。

■

:Key:

:Thequarrelbetweenthetwonationsresultedina

■bloodywar.

■Keywordsrphrases&usages

,

■risevi.

一(rose,risen,rising)togo,comeuporhigher;

reachahigherlevelorposition;togetupfroma

lying,sitting,orkneelingposition.

e?g?

?Thehorseroseonitshindlegs.

?Thesmokefromourfirerosestraightupinthestill

air.

Moretolearn

?Keywordsrphrases&usages

3raisev.

.一(raised,raised,raising)toliftup;tocausetorise;

-tobringupfordiscussionorattention;tobreed

■orbringup.

eg

:?Thepoliceraisedasunkenshiptothesurfaceofthe

sea.

?Tom飛motherhasraisedfivechildrenbyherself.

Moretolearn

?Keywordsrphrases&usages

rarisevi.

.一(arose,arisen,arising)comeintoexistence;come

■tonotice;presentitself.

eg

?CouldyouworkonSaturday,shouldtheneedarise?

?Manyproblemsarosewhencomputerswerefirstly

usedinbanking.

Moretolearn

Keywords,phrases&usages

.arise,rise,raise

Drill:

arisen

1.Someunexpecteddifficultieshave

/rose

2.Sheeventually____:animportantpositionin

thefirm.______

raised

3.Shethefallenchildtoitsfeet.

Keywordsrphrases&usages

Xdryup

:一makeorbecomecompletelydry

Morephraseswith“up”

beatup毒打breakup結束，終止

bringup養(yǎng)育,，提出brushup溫習

callup打電話chokeup說不出話

clearup清理，澄清drawup草擬

dressup盛裝washup洗餐具

eatup吃完hangup掛斷電話

heatup變暖，變熱holdup阻止，防礙

showup出現(xiàn)takeup從事

Keywordsrphrases&usages

:themore...themore...

■—usedtoshowthattheincreaseinoneamountor

■degreeofsthcontinuesatthesamerateas

.another

Translate

Adviceislikesnow;thesofteritfalls,thelongerit

dwellsup（駐留）themindandthedeeperitsinks

intothemind.

Key

忠告像雪花一樣：來得越和緩，留在心里越長久，沁人

心睥也越深。

■Keywordsrphrases&usages

shutin

—tokeep,enclose

9^inslate

?武冷裙羊龍曲左shehasbeenshutinthe

house.

Key

Weareshutinbythehillshere.

■Keywordsfphrases&usages

:argue

■

.——givereasonstoproveortrytoprove

.eg

:?Youcanargueeitherway9fororagainst.

.

一?Hewasarguingthatpovertymaybeablessing.

■Keywordsfphrases&usages

:dueto

:一becauseof,causedby

:e?g?

■Translate

：?嬲贏為幽食笑超鞋輸華版媵先

:KeyThetripwasdelayedduetothebadweather.

?Theteam'ssuccesswaslargelyduetoherefforts.

■Keywordsfphrases&usages

upsanddowns

alternationsofgoodandbadfortune,goodand

badperiods

upanddown

一higherandlower;backwardsandforwards,toand

for

.eg

?Thekidsbegantojumpand?excitedlywhen

anelephantcameontothestage.

?Agirlwalkednddownthestationplatform.

■Keywordsrphrases&usages

maintain

—1)continuetohave,do,etc.asbefore

Jj^nslate

??她的健康狀況仍在繼續(xù)好轉。

?Thegovernmentistryingtomaintainahighlevel

Keyofforeigninvestment.

Theimprovementofherhealthisbeing

maintained.

Moretolearn

■Keywordsrphrases&usages

maintain

—2)supportwithmoney

f^nslate

?南孰頒he'sunderpressuretofind

agoodjobtomaintainhisfamily.

.

SSKey

Shemaintainedtwosonsatuniversity.

Moretolearn

■Keywordsphrases&usages

,f

,maintain

:-3)stateastrue,arguefor(anopinion)

e?g?

Translate

組ojficialmaintainedthatthemansion

褊algiftfromagenerousfriend.

Key

maintainone'sinnocence

■Keywordsphrases&usages

,f

Xexplainaway

一一toaccount,orgiveanexcuse,for(something

Zwrong)

:圖?nslate

：?年隔4或圄西篇指溫呼解心赫治符私褪偏曲魄

■源〃Q,language.

Key

■Theyoungmantriedtoexplainawaythe

:missingmoney,butnoonebelievedhisstory.

■Keywordsfphrases&usages

accountfor

—serveasanexplanationof

?t鬣里仍軀思眠保解^瞬$absence.

Key

Pleaseaccountforyourdisgracefulconduct.

■Keywordsrphrases&usages

keepaneyeon

一(fig.)keepawatchon

Translate

熊給我照管丁會J鹿提箱用?,,

?Theretiredprofessorkeepsaneyeonthelatest

developmentinhisfield.

Key

Couldyoukeepaneyeonmysuitcasefora

moment?

^^KText-relatedInformation

,

:IceCap

■

:Anicecapisacoveroficeandsnowwhichnever

:meltsbecauseitislocatedinapolarregionoronthe

:peakofahighmountain,abovethesnowline.

Text-relatedInformation

IceAge

Aniceageisanypartofseveralperiodsorepochsof

timewhenglaciers,especiallyintheformofgreatice

sheets,coveredmoreoftheEarth'ssurfacethanthey

dotoday.Itmayrefertowholeglacialepochs1.7

millionto60millionyearslongorasingleglacial

stagewithintheseepochs,lastingforapproximately

20,000to100,000yearseach.

Text-relatedInformation

Fahrenheit

Nameofathermometerscalewithfreezing-pointat

32°Fandboiling-pointat212°F,widelyusedinBritain

andtheUnitedStates;

CelsiusalsoCentigrade

Withfreezing-pointat0℃andboiling-pointat100℃.

FahrenheittoCelsius:(F—32)X5/9.Celsiusto

■Comprehension

:Scientistswarnedagainsttreatingitasacryof

,wolf

Scientistswarnedthatitwouldbedangerousto

regardtheforecastasafalsealarm.

■Comprehension

:withadipfromthemid-1940sto1970

withaslightdroplastingfromthemid-1940sto

1970

■Comprehension

?theearthwillgothewayofVenus

theearthwilldevelopintothesamesituationas

thatofVenus

GuidedPractice宣

?Vocabulary

?Cloze

?Translation

?StructuceWritinci

Vocabulary畫畫

Vocabulary

>Ex.V

>Ex.VI

Vocabulary畫畫

《讀寫教程1》：Ex.V,p.247

Vocabulary畫巨

V.Fillintheblankswiththewordsgivenbelow.Changethe

formwherenecessary.

Vocabulary畫巨

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

1.Thisarticlewhichisbaseduponcarefulobservation,is

suretoattract__interestfromscientistswhostudy

theearth.

次considerable

2.Accordingtothearticle,peoplearefightingto_____the

dangersthatfacetheearthfromthe6igreenhouseeffect95,

minimize

Vocabulary畫巨

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

3.Engineershavedesignedsomenewdevicestomakethe

bestpossibleuseoftheenergy_bythesun.

,released

4.Inthearticle,suggestionsweremadeastohowto____

thegreenhouseproblem,suchasbyrevisingcity

planningandbuildingdykesandreservoirs.

tackle

Vocabulary畫巨

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

5.The^greenhouseeffect”seemsquiteobviouswhilethe

solutiontotheproblemseemsnotso_.

大definite

6.Mrs.Smithisveryconcernedaboutthebuildupof

carbondioxide.Sheandmanyotherswhothink_

aretryingtocutdownontheiruseofcarsandother

machinesthatusefossilfuels.

likewise

Vocabulary

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

7.Themoreenergythecarbondioxide_____,thewarmer

theatmospherewillbecome.

戈absorbs

8.Althoughagreatamountofcarbondioxidehasbeen

releasedintotheatmosphere,itisstillnot_tothe

nakedeye.

★visible

Vocabulary畫巨

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

9.Thearticlethatthegreenhouseeffectisaneven

greaterdangertotheworldthanpopulationgrowth,

diminishingfoodsupplyandthelike.

★argues

lO.Scientistswarnthatinthenearfuturetheworld's

temperaturewillfurtherincreasewhilethefoodsupply

willfurther.

irdiminish

Vocabulary畫巨

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

11.Manypeoplemaynotaccepttheviewpointsarguedin

theessay._,they5realertedtooneoftheserious

environmentalhazards（危險）ofourtime.

Nevertheless

12.Areportonpopulationgrowthwillbe____and

questionsofbirthcontrolwillbediscussedatthe

conference,

issued

Vocabulary畫巨

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

13.Anightinprisonisfartoo_____apunishmentfora

boywhoonlystoleafewdollars5worthofcandyfrom

theshop.

★severe

14.Theessay_____thatanti-intellectualismmustbefought

andapro-intellectualculturebecultivatedinsociety.

大maintains

Vocabulary

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

15.Noonehasanyideawhatcouldforthat

politician'ssuddenchangeofpositiononthe

environmentalprotectionlaw.

account

16.Thispaperissodisorganizedthatyouwillhaveto

itagooddeal.

revise

Vocabulary畫巨

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

17.Afadis____whereasasocialtrendlastsalongtime

andbecomesatruepartofsociety.

,temporary

18.Sometimesateacherhasagreatimpactonastudentall

atonce,butinothercases,amore_influencetakes

place.

戈gradual

Vocabulary[G

absorbargueconsiderabledefinitediminish

graduallikewisemaintainthreatminimize

neverthelessreleaserevisesevereswell

tacklevisibletemporaryissueaccount

19.Anti-intellectualismis,inasense,a(n)____tothe

possibilityofculturaldevelopmentinanygivensociety.

★threat

20.Theheavyrain_____theriversandfloodedthedistrict,

swelled

◎

Vocabulary畫畫

《讀寫教程I》：Ex.VI,p.249

Vocabulary

VI.Fillintheblankswiththeexpressionslistedbelow.

Changetheformwherenecessary.

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

1.Accordingtothereportissuedrecently,thesevere

climatechangesmadethe_oftheworld's

temperaturesmoredifficulttoexplain.

>upsanddowns

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

2.Thearticlethedangerousenvironmentalchanges

whichcouldbecausedbythegreenhouseeffect.

>warnedof

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

3.Accordingtosomescientists,carbondioxidewillabsorb

theenergyradiatingfromtheearthinsteadoflettingit

__intospace.

>passthrough

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

4.Scientistsdisagreeastohowtothegradual

warmingoftheatmosphere:Somethinkitisdueto

naturaltemperatureupsanddownswhileothersare

stronglyagainstthistheory.

>accountfor

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

5.Somepeoplejustturnablindeyetothegreenhouse

effect,and,_,manyjusttreatitasacryofwolf.

>worstofall

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

6.Accordingtothelateststudies,theincreaseofcarbon

dioxidelevelsmusthavetheburningofcoal,oil,

naturalgasandthelike.

>resultedfrom

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

7.Thereportstrongly_____theconsequencesofnot

tacklingthegreenhouseproblemrightaway;itargued

thattheproblemisrealandmustbecontrolled.

>warnedagainst

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

8.Oneofthemostseriouseffectsofthegreenhouse

problemisthatthewarmingoftheatmospherewould

__riversandbringdroughttosomefertileareas.

>dryup

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

9.Somescientistsarenotconcernedaboutthegreenhouse

threatthatfacestheworld._,theycannotignore

thefactthattheearth5stemperaturehasbeenonthe

riseforthelastseveraldecades.

>Evenso

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

10.Scientificresearchshowsthattheaverageglobal

temperaturehasbeencontinuously__,though

peopletrytoaccountforthisindifferentways.

>ontherise

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

11.Scientistsarecomparingthecarbondioxideinthe

atmospheretoahuge“blanket"which__theheat

energyradiatingfromtheearth.

>holdsin

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

12.Theseriesoflecturesonenvironmentalproblemswillbe

editedbythepublishinghouse__ofabooktoenable

ustohaveanoverallpictureoftheissue.

>intheformof

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

13.Ifthegreenhouseproblemis_____theriseincarbon

dioxidelevels,wehavetofindwaystocontroltheuseof

fuelswhichreleasetheharmfulgas.

>dueto

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

14.Althoughthethreatofnuclearwarmightmakethe

greenhouseeffectlook,,tobeaminorissue,we

muststilltakeitseriously.

>bycomparison

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

15.Theconferenceconcludedthatowingtotheburningof

fossilfuelsmankind_partly_____forthe

greenhouseeffect.

>is,toblame

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

16.Motheradvisesusto_____thesoupbeforewehaveit

forourmeal.

>heatup

Vocabulary

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

17.Motheraskedmeto_____onthebabywhileshewas

answeringthephone.

>keepaneyeon

Vocabulary|G

warnofresultfromdryupwarnagainst

ontherisebetoblameintheformofheatup

passthroughholdinshutindueto

upsanddownsworstofallbycomparisonevenso

accountforkeepaneyeopen

18.Thewriter_