土木工程專業(yè)英語教學課件

ACADEMICENGLISHOFCIVILENGINEERINGDepartmentofCivilEngineering,XiamenUniversityContentsCharacteristicofScientificEnglishWordrootsandpartsScientificacademicspeakingScientificacademiclisteningScientificacademicreadingandwritingWhatwillwedointhiscourse?WhylearnscientificEnglishandacademicEnglish?FocusesonscientificacademicEnglishforspeaking,listening,readingandwriting;UsessimplebutcorrectEnglishwhendescribingandexplaining,andomitslinguistictermsasmuchaspossible.

NaturalScienceMolecularbiology,genetics,agriculture,animalscience,ecology,environmentalscience,etc.Physics(mechanics,optics,nuclearphysics,etc.),chemistry(analyticalchemistry,materialscience,biochemistry,organicchemistry,etc.),astronomy,cosmology,etc.Geology,geography,hydrology,oceanography,soilscience,limnology,mineralogy,etc.FieldsofscienceBiologicalsciences

Physicalsciences

EarthsciencesAppliedScienceMarketableproductsHypothesis-drivenPrescribedprotocols“Industrial”“Commerci-alscience”Aeronautics,electronics,engineering(civil,chemical,electrical,mechanical,industrial,materials,etc.),environmentalchemistry,etc.AppliedScienceis

seekingofinformationthatisofimmediateuseandbenefit.ThedifferencebetweenacademicEnglishandcommonEnglishhypothesisnotionideaconcepttheory理論概念

假設(shè)概念概念，觀點Englishprovidesaveryflexible,andconciseframeworkforscientiststoworkfrom.Habitat,Home,Environment,Territory,Surroundings,ResidenceAnexamplePeoplegetnaturalrubberfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquid,whichiscalledlatex.Theymixitwithacid,anddryit,andthentheysendittocountriesallovertheworld.Astherubberindustrygrew,peopleneededmoreandmorerubber.Theystartedrubberplantationsincountrieswithhot,wetweatherconditions,butthesestillcouldnotgiveenoughrawrubbertomeettheneedsofgrowingindustry.Naturalrubberisobtainedfromrubbertreesasawhite,milkyliquidknownaslatex.Thisistreatedwithacidanddriedbeforebeingdispatchedtocountriesallovertheworld.Astherubberindustrydeveloped,moreandmorerubberwasrequired.Rubberplantationswereestablishedincountrieswithahot,humidclimate,butthesestillcouldnotsupplysufficientrawrubbertosatisfytherequirementsofdevelopingindustry.CommonScientificTranslationCharacteristic專業(yè)性客觀性精確性熟悉一些基本的專業(yè)術(shù)語，專業(yè)性是第一位的.客觀是科技文獻的本質(zhì)，不需要過多的修飾，容不得半點兒夸張。科學信息的靈魂是準確性，因此翻譯時要做到轉(zhuǎn)換準確，方圓分明。信雅達揭示客觀規(guī)律和客觀事實，是理性思維的產(chǎn)物。理性思維意味著嚴謹和精確。另外，在翻譯過程中，還需注意創(chuàng)造性、有效性、時效性、程式化。VocabularyCharacteristicCreatedusingLatinroots,prefixes,andsuffixes.DailywordsLatin/Greeka-,(acentric);ab-(abnormal);anti-(antiaging);-ics(dynamics)CharacteristicExample

OriginofProfessionalEnglishHavingstrictscientificmeaningElement,member,rigidity,uniformity,fireresistanceScienceNewtechnology,newidea,newterminologyemail,webpage,nano-material,nanotechnology,e-bookSentenceCharacteristicTheengineeringprojectpromiseswell.Designofconnectionisimportantinsteelstructuredesign.Prestressedconcreteisusedinbuildings.Theprestressingforceiscomputedstrictlyfromthedeadload.-Manufacturingprocessesmaybeclassifiedasunitproductionwithsmallquantitiesbeingmadeandmassproductionwithlargenumberofidenticalpartsbeingproduced.InanimatenounsaretakenasthesubjectPassivevoiceispopularusedLongsentencesarefrequentlyusedWordRootsandPartsPrefixesapprove:re+approve=re-approve;dis+approve=disapprove;pre+approve=pre-approve;approve+ing=approving;approve+al=approvalWordrootsSuffixes“KnowingwordrootscanhelpyouwithscientificEnglish”

[Examples]-er,-isb,-ing,-mentin-,re-,de-,un-CommonPrefixesandsuffixess,esun,dis,in,nonBasewordTitleinherere,in,deTitleinhereive,able,ible,ousTitleinhereer,ist1.in-means‘in,into’-inbreeding,incision,incline,input-intrinsic2.re-means‘a(chǎn)gain,back’-recombination,regenerate-reprint,retractable,rewrite3.-istmeans‘person’-atheist,chemist-evolutionistExamplespre,sub,inter,etc.Titleinherement,tion,sion,age,ity,aling,edCommonLatinwordsandtheirabbreviationsusedinwrittensciencecommunication

Latinword/phraseEnglishmeaning

adhoc

anno

Domini

NotethatLatinwordsarecommonlyitalicised,buttheirabbreviationsmayormaynotbeItisoftenautomaticfortheEnglish-speakingscienceacademictousecommonLatinwordsandtheirabbreviationsintherightcontexts.TheChinesescientistneedstodothesame.Abbriviation

forthespecialpurpose,lackinginplanningADorA.D.

antemeridiempostmeridiema.m.p.m.

circac.orca.

beforenoonafternoon

adateafterChrist

about;usedespeciallyinapproximatedatesCommonLatinwordsandtheirabbreviationsusedinwrittensciencecommunicationEnglishmeaning

etcetera

exempli

gratiaetal.

andothers(tothingsonly)e.g.idesti.e.insitu

thatis

forexample;suchas

about;usedespeciallyinapproximatedatesAbbriviation

Latinword/phrase

etalii

andotherpersonsetc.

viceversa

conversely;withthingstheotherwayroundThankYou!MasterandtheMasterpiecesVladimirShukhov（1853～1939）RobertMaillart（1872～1940）Othmar

Ammann（1879～1965）EugeneFreyss