2022年北京西城區(qū)高三一模英語試題和答案

2022北京西城高三一模英語第一部分：知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的ABCD四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Amysteryman,knownasBenny,beenspreadinghappiness-one$100billatatimeformorethanthreeyearsandaroundSalem,Oregon.Herandomly1billsshopsbefound,surprisinganddelightingunsuspectingshoppers.Whenappearedothersmightbetryinghim,hestarted2hisbills.Itestimatedthathehashiddenmorethan$50,000worthof$100bills,andthat'sonlywhathasbeenreported.Somepeoplehavebeenkeepingof3thebillsarefound,noticethathehasleftthemstores,marketsandfairs.Thosewhofindallhaveasimilartaleaboutbeing.4whena$100bill,withtheof“Benny”,fallsoutofthepackagingofsomething.It_5howthesebillsalwaysseemendupthehands.Theyhavehelpedpeoplepaytheirelectricbill,maketheirrent,andevenprovidehomelesswith6foracoupleofnights.ButtherealmagicofBennythatmorethanhalfofthe7reportpayingforwardfavoritenon-profitorastrangerneed.Someofthemostheartwarmingstoriesinvolvechildren.8shoppingfortoys.theydecidebuyschoolsuppliesfortheirclassmatesorgroceriesforthelocalfoodbank.Thebillsaresotheirpurses.a1.A.covers9bysomeofthepeoplewhofindthemthattheypostthemontheirrefrigeratorsorcarrythem10,theysay,giveandbelikeBenny.B.buriesC.hidesD.stores2.A.returning3.A.whenB.checkingB.whereC.changingC.howD.signingD.why4.A.amazedB.impressedB.understandableB.clothingC.inspiredC.memorableC.shelterC.losersD.amusedD.remarkableD.transportD.beggarsD.ApartfromD.expectedD.reminder5.A.acceptable6.A.food7.A.findersB.sellers8.A.Thanks9.A.protected10.A.chanceB.InsteadofB.recommendedB.challengeC.ButforC.treasuredC.record第二節(jié)（共小題；每小題分，共15分）閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答。AToday,therearegroupsofnativepeoplearoundtheworldthatliveatraditionallifestyle.SomeliveremotepartsofSouthAmerica,Amazonrainforest.Theymaketheirowntools,owncrops,huntandTheirmainweaponsareclubsandpoison-tippedarrows,12bothhuntingprotectingterritoryagainst13(outsider).11wayoflifedangerofdisappearing.TheKoruboarenativepeoplewholivetheBAwhitetelephonebooth（電話亭），knownasthePhoneoftheWind，14(sit)agardenontopofahill.Though15(disconnect),thephoneservesasurprisingpurpose:helpingpeoplespeakoutwhatfeelembarrassedsayfrontofothers.16(think)abouttheideaalongtime,Sasakifinallybuiltthebooth.thoughtscan'tberelayedoveraphoneline,soIwantthem17(carry)onthewind.Ihopeotherscanalsoexpresstheirfeelingsthesameway.”CSomeQinbambootextswerediscoveredatombHubeiProvincethatcontainmanyrulesregarding18peopleweresupposedliveandbehave.Expertssaythesetextscouldprovegovernmentthethirdcenturyhandedoutcruelpunishmentspeoplewho19(break)theserules.Forinstance,officialspunishedpeoplewhostolemoneytattooing（刺青）theirface.Therearealsootherancientlawsthetexts.Oneofthatwhenquestioningasuspect,anofficialwas第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題2分，共.(strict)forbiddenfromusingphysicalforce.閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、D四個選項中，選出最住選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AChineseDualLanguageImmersionProgram(CDLIP)WhatDualLanguageImmersion?Duallanguageimmersionprovidesacademicinstructiontwolanguages.ThePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrictcurrentlyoffersaChinese-Englishimmersionprogram.WhyChoosetheCDLIP?Leaningasecondlanguageawakenscuriosityandrespectforothernationstheircultures.Chineseonlyarichlanguagewithaliterarytradition,buthasalsoemergedasinfluentialworldwidelanguage.OurC'DLIPpromotescross-culturalsensitivity,sothatstudentscanlearnabouttheglobalizedworld.FornativeChinesespeakers,ourprogramensuresfulldevelopmentandmasteryofEnglishlanguageartswhilehelpingthembecomemorefluenttheirmothertongue.OurClassroomsTheCDLIPservesprimaryschoolstudents,fromkindergartenthroughsecondgrade.Grades3,45willbeaddedSeptemberof2022,2023and2024.respectively.TheprogramcurrentlylocatedatLutherBurbankPrimarySchool.Onanygivenday,youmightfindaclassroomfullkindergartenerscountingsortingcoins,firstgraderssinging“TheMoreWeGetTogether”,orsecondgradersdescribingphysicsexperiments-allChinese!HowDoesProgramWork?CDLIPclassroomscombinenativeandnon-nativespeakersthatallstudentsmaysucceedChineseandEnglish.WeapplyaTwo-Way90:10Model.Inkindergarten,90%oftheday'sinstructionChinese10%devotedimprovingEnglishorallanguageandtheabilityreadandwrite.Aschildrenprogressthroughgradelevels,percentageofEnglishinstructiongraduallyincreases,achievinga50:50splitbyfifthgrade.ToRegisterYourChildLanguagelearningalong-termprocess,parentsareaskedregistertheirchildrenforthefullsixyears.●Registeronlineatwww.pusd.us/oebetween23.●Theprogramfree.supportedbythePasadenaUnifiedSchoolDistrict.●Forkindergarten,noknowledgeofChinesenecessary.(SomeknowledgeofChineseexpectedforstudentsenteringgrades1-3.)●Applicationswillbeacceptedafterthedeadlineareavailable.●Ifyouwouldlikeassistancecompletingyourapplication,pleasecontactMs.NettyLiatBurbankPrimarySchool(626)396-5760orvisitPUSDWelcomeCenter.21.AfterattendingtheCDLIP,studentswillbeableA.masterChinesearts.B.understandworldhistoryC.handdownTraditionalliteratureD.developcross-culturalawareness22.TheCDLIPintendedA.ChineseteachingassistantsB.childrenandtheirparentsC.primaryschoolstudents.D.1-3-year-oldchildren23.WhatfindCDLIPclasses?A.Kindergartenersspendingmoretimepracticingreading.B.Studentslearningthroughsongsactivities.C.Higher-gradestudentsmostlyChinese.D.Studentsfocusingonsciencevocabulary.24.Whatwelearnabouttheregistration?A.Parentsneedpaytheprogramfee.B.Studentsmustberegisteredeveryyear.C.Spacesareusuallyavailableafterthedeadlink.D.PUSDWelcomeCenteroffershelpwithregistration.BEverysummerhecamevillageonhiscycle.Thecyclewasfullofcoconutsandonthehandlewashissmallredmoneypurseandmachetethatheusedthecoconuts.Healwaysworkablueandblackcheckeredandwasknownforhistoothlessthattendedturnintoaslightlaugh.Heoftenannouncedarrivalofsummerbystandingunderourvillage'sGulmohartree.Duringthefirsttouchofsummer,redflowersfellonthegroundandwelcomedhimourvillage:soontheredlowersturnedintolongsword-likefruitswhichhungabovehisheadashecutthecoconuts.Heneverateanythingexceptpaanofleaf),whichhealwayscouldbeseenchewing,andhejustsatundertreeuntilsomeoneapproachedThen,hewouldchoosethebestcoconut,withexpertskill;carvesothatthepersoncoulddrinkthesatisfyingliquid.Forhewasanartistwhoknewhowcarvethegreencoconutintooasis（綠洲）ofrelief.Hewasthecoconutwhisperer,whoknewwhichonehadmorewater.Nobodyevertalkedabouthim,forwasofnosignificancethebusypeopleofvillage.HisexistencewillforeverbetiedtheshadowoftheGulmohartree.Nowadays,hedoesn'tdomuchbusiness.Kidslongercareforcoconutwater;theywantsoftdrinks.Iknowhisweakbodywillfailhimthecomingyears.Hewillnotvisitourvillage,andwithhim,allmymemoriesofsummerwilldisappear.NoonewillmisshimapartfromtheGulmohartree,hisonlyfriend.MyfriendsandIhavestayedthesamevillageourwholelife.Now,mid-thirties,wedon'thavetalkaboutourchildhoodthebeyondthechainsofsociety.madeupmymind.TomorrowIwilltalkwithhim.Iwilllistenhimandpreservehimmymemory.Iwilltellhimhowimportanthewasme,hedefinedsummerforme，and，duringeverysummer，henurtured（滋養(yǎng)）mewiththecoconutwater,whichwasfilledwithhislove.Iwilltakehisonelasttime-aremembranceofmychildhoodinnocence.Iwillhughimuntilmytearshis.25.Whatdidthekidsofthevillagereceivefromthecoconutseller?A.Amusingtoothlesssmiles.B.Refreshmentsummer.C.CoconutcarvingD.Invaluableexperience.26.Intheeyesoftheauthor,thecoconutsellerA.amagicianhischildhood.B.aduringchangingtimesC.asurvivorofaforgottenminorityD.aprotectorofaprecioustradition27.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwantexpress?A.Passonwhatyoursthenextgeneration.B.Freeyourselffromthepressureofsociety.C.Enjoythesimplethingsyourbusylife.D.Appreciatesomcthingbeforegone.COnequestioneverycoachbeardtheircoachingcareerthis:“Whymykidplaying?”Thestupidityofmany“wincost"coachesyouthsportsneatlymatchedbyof“play-my-kid-or-else"parentsatthehigh-schoollevel.Whenthegamesstartcount,themainreasonwhyyourkidplayingsimple:“They'rejustnotgoodenough."“He/shejustfastenough.”“He/shejuststrongenough.”Goodcoaches,however,arenotusuallythatblunt.TheyareveryskillfulnottellingwhatIwouldconsiderthe“truth”.Thethingthatmanykidswhatthey'regoodat,andwhatnotgoodat.Whencomesfootball,forinstance,mostofthemiddle-schoolersorfreshmenalreadyknowtheoneortwowhoaregoodenoughonthevarsityteam（校隊）orcatchtheeyeofacollegeadmissionsofficer.Theirparentsdonot.Therestplaybecausetheyenjoyneedthediscipline,wantbelongateam.havedreamedofsincetheywerefiveorsix,aretryingmaketheirparentshappy.needavarsitysportontheircollegeapplication,orsomecombinationthefactorsabove.Someofthemdon'tpossessmuchathleticskill,butmakeupforbypracticing.bygettingstrongerandquicker,withon-fieldeffort.Fartoomanychildrentodayarelivingaworldwhereneverlearn"no".Theyknowhandledisappointmentandfailure.Northeyreactandmoveonwhentheydon'tgettheir.Ownway.awfulwhenyourkidisn'tplaying.Beenthere,doneNoreasonableparentwantsseetheirchildhurt.Butnooneescapesthisunhurt,emotionallynotphysically.Whenkidsonlife,theyaregoinggetwhentheyapplyforcollege,failgetthejobtheywant,andtastefailureanddisappointmentonmultiplefronts.Coachesshouldtrymakesureeveryonegetssomeplayingtime.Butthatshouldnevercomeattheexpenseofotherkidswhoaremoretalented,tryharderorspendmorepracticing.Nochildshouldevergoforanyteamthinkingthey'regoingbeguaranteedaspotorplayingtime,nomatterhowloudlytheirparentscomplain.Inthatsense,sportsareamirroroflife.Noonesguaranteed“playing”life.Forthemostpart,hardwork,effort,planninganddesirerewarded.Thebenefitscanbewonderful.Butgoodbepreparedwhendoesn'tworkoutthatway.28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blunt"probablyA.Impatient.B.Annoying..C.Direct.D.Serious.29.TheauthorbelievesthatA.kidsshouldlearnhowfacerejectiontheirB.peoplecanliveawithoutbeingemotionallyhurtC.parentsmusthelpkidsescapedisappointmentD.coachesneedensureeverystudentgetsplaying30.Whatprobablymotivatedtheauthorwritethispassage?A.Coaches'mistakenbeliefsaboutvarsityteams.B.Parents'unrealisticviewsofkids'playingtime.C.Children'signoranceofmeaningofsportsandlife.D.Thepublic'sdoubtsaboutwhykidsneedplaysports.DTheUSscientistswhocreatedthefirstlivingrobotssaytheforms,knownasXenobots,cannowreproduce-andawaynotseenplantsandanimals.XenobotsareformedfromthestemcellsoftheAfricanclawed(Xenopuslaevis),fromwhichtakesname."Frogshaveawayofreproducingthattheynormallyuse,butwhenliberatethestemcellsfromtheembryo胎）givethemachancefigurebeaenvironment,notdotheyfigureoutawaymove,buttheyalsofigureapparentlyawayreproduce,”saidMichaelLevin,aprofessorofbiologyatTuftsUniversity,whowasco-leadauthoroftheresearch.Stemcellsareunspecializedcellsthathavetheabilitydevelopintodifferentcelltypes.Tomakethexenobots,theresearchersremovedlivingstemcellsfromfrogembryosandleftthemdevelop.“Mostpeoplethinkofrobotsasbeingmadeofmetal,butnotsomuchwhatarobotmadefrombutwhatdoes,whichactownonbehalfofpeople,”JoshBongard,acomputerscienceprofessorandroboticsexperttheUniversityofVermontleadauthorofthestudy.thatway,arobot,butalsoclearlyanorganismmadefromfrogcells."Theresearchersfoundthatxenobotscouldreplicate（自我復(fù)制）.Buthappenedrarelyandonlyspecificcircumstances.Thexenobotsused"kineticreplication＂processthatknownoccuratthemolecular（分子）level.Withthehelpofartificialintelligence,theresearcherstestedbillionsofbodymakethexenobotseffectiveatthistypeofreplication.ThesupercomputercameupwithaC-shapethatlookedlikePac-Man,the1980svideogame.Theyfoundwasfindtinystemcells,gatherhundredsoftheminsidemouth,andadayslaterthepackofcellsbecamexenobots.“TheAldidn'tprogramthesemachinesthewayweusuallythinkaboutwritingcode.ItshapedsculptedcameupwiththisPac-Manshape,”Bongardsaid.“Theshapeis,essence,theprogram.Theshapeinfluencesxenobotsbehaveospeedupthisincrediblysurprisingprocess.”Thexenobotsareverytechnologythinkofa1940scomputer-andyethaveanypracticalapplications.However,thiscombinationofmolecularbiologyartificialintelligencecouldpotentiallybeusedmanytasksthebodytheenvironment.Thismayincludethingslikecollectingmicroplasticstheoceans,inspectingrootsystemsandregenerativemedicine.“Therearemanythingsthatarepossiblewetakeadvantageofthiskindofplasticityandabilityofcellssolveproblems,"Bongardsaid.31.AccordingJoshBongard,arobotshouldbedefinedtermsofA.functionB.reliabilityC.appearance32.Whatwelearnaboutxenobotsfromthepassage?.D.materialA.Xenobotshavecopiedstemcellsusingcomputerprograms.B.Specializedcellsplayakeyrolethereplicationofxenobots.C.AImakespossibleforxenobotsreplicatemoreeffectively.D.Theshapeofxenobotswasinspiredfromavideogamethe1980s.33.Whattheauthor'sattitudetowardsfutureapplicationsofxenobots?A.Disapproving.B.Optimistic.C.Unconcerned.D.Objective.34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthepassage?A.Wheredoestheunnaturalreplicationprocesslead?B.Arexenobotsthefutureartificialintelligence?C.TheuncertainroleofrobotreproductionD.Factorfantasy?Robotsreproduce第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。TheTruthaboutYourMemoryWhatwouldyoubewithoutyourmemories?Howimportantyourabilityrememberthepastanddrawonhelpyouknowwhatnext?answerforyou:rightuptherewithbreathingeating.35However,mostpeopleknowaboutmemory.AbyresearchpsychologistsDanielSimonsandChristopherChabrisaskedpeoplesimplequestionsaboutmemorythencomparedtheiranswerswiththoseofexpertsmemoryresearch.36Forinstance.thequestion“Istherea'videocamera'yourhead?"63%ofpeoplesurveyedstronglyagreedormostlyagreedthathumanmemory"workslikeavideocamera,accuratelyrecordingeventsweseeandhearsothatwereviewandinspectthemlater."Noneoftheexpertsstronglyagreedormostlyagreedthatmemoryfunctionslikethat.Sodoesmemorywork?_37Hemeanswellandwantshelp,butthebesthecandoyoustories.Andlikeallgoodstorytellers,heeditsforimpact.efficiency,functionality,andclarity.Hetellsyouwhatheassumesneedknow.Healsomakeshonestmistakes-lotsandlotsofthem.Sometimeshejustgetsconfusedandleavessomethingimportant.Hecouldevenincludeinaccurateinformationbyaccident.Inotherwords,therenoconsistentororderlysensememory.Amemorywillbehiddenawayandconnectedothermemoriesorconceptswaysthatarenotnecessarilypracticalorlogical.38.Memoriescomeusawaythatsimilarhowarchaeologistsandpolicedetectivesusebitsofinformationconstructstoriesaboutpastpeopleandevents.39Fortunately,enoughhasbeenrevealedofferuswisesateguidancethroughlife.Yourmemorybestthoughtofashelpfulinput.Wedon'tneedremembereverydetailabouteverything.ATheresearchershadaverytoughtimeunderstandinghumanmemories.B.Thehumanbrainamysteriousuniversemanyways,ofcourse.C.Aresearchshowsrecallingthepastchangethememoryofwhatreallyhappened.D.Theresultshowfarremovedfromrealitythepublic'sbeliefsaboutmemoryarc.E.Onewouldthinkthatunderstandingmemoryworkswouldbeahighpriorityallpeople.E.Ipreferdescribeassomethinglikeanoldsittingbyacampfiresomewheredeepyourbrain.G.Thiswhyaparticularorsoundmaybringupamemoryeventhoughwasn'timportanttheoriginalexperience.第三部分：書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，32分）第一節(jié)（共4小題：第、412分，第題3分，第題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答：Whatmakessomepeopleincapableofapologizingevenwhenthey'reclearlythewrong?Peoplewhocannotapologizeoftenhavedeepfeelingsoflowself-worth.Whentheirdelicateego（白我）cannotabsorbtheofadmittingtheywerewrong，theirdefensemechanismskickin--theymayplaceblameandevenargueaboutbasicfactspreventthethreatofhavinglowerthemselvesbyofferinganapology.Unfortunately,manyofusmistakenlyinterpretthesepeople'sdefensivenessasasignofpsychologicalstrength.becauseoutwardlytheyappearbetoughindividualswhorefusebackdown.Butdoesn'tshowthatstrong-itshowsthatweak.Admittingthatwe'rewrongemotionallyuncomfortableandpainfulsenseofself.Inordertakeresponsibilityandapologize,ourself-worthneedsbestrongenoughabsorbthatdiscomfort.Indeed,ourself-worthhigherandmorestable,wecantoleratethetemporarydiscomfortsuchanadmissioninvolves-withoutthewallsaroundegofallingdown.Butourself-worthseeminglyhighbutactuallybreakable,thatdiscomfortcanthroughdefensivewallsscoreadirecthitourego.Indeed,thefixeddefensemechanismsare,themoredelicatetheegoprotecting.Themistakeweoftenmakewhenfacedwithsomeonewho'shabituallyincapableofapologizingbecomeangryandtrywinourargumentwiththem.Buttherealitythatweneverwin.Insituations,thebestwecandomakeourpointsascalmlyasconvincinglyasweandthendisengagefromargumentwhenbecomesunproductive-likewhentheydisagreewiththefacts,up