2022年北京順義區(qū)高三一模英語試題和答案

2022北京順義高三一模英語（第二次統(tǒng)練）考生須知：1.本試卷總分分，考試時(shí)長分鐘。2.本試卷共頁共三部分3.考生務(wù)必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效。選擇題必須用鉛筆作答，非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆作答。4.考試結(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題卡交回，試卷自己保留。第一部分知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Iloveanimals.SowhenDr.Vanninisaidhisvethospitalneededhelp,Iwas___1___.Ivolunteeredcleanhelpseveralmedicalprocedures.ButthemomentIwillnever___2___camewhenanemergencywasrushedthroughthefrontdoor.Aretriever（尋回犬）wasdeep____3____Acheck-uprevealedthatsheadevelopingbodybutnoheartbeatcouldbedetected.Itwasassumedthatherpuppy（小狗）had_____4_____.Theretrieverwouldneedimmediate___5_____saveherlife.Icouldn'ttakemyeyesoffDr.Vannin’shandsasshestoppedthebleedingrepairedthedog'svitalorgans.Neartheendofthesurgery,somethingcaughtmyeye.IthoughtIthe____6puppymove.Icouldn'tkeepandwhispered.Thepuppyhadindeedshownaspark（火花）oflife!We_____7_____action.Soon,hewasupmoving.Itwasa（n）_____8_____feelingthisnewmyhands.TheexperiencewasespeciallymeaningfulformebecauseaweekearlierIhadwitnessedthe_____9_____,theoflife.Mybeloveddog,Scamper,finallydiedofalifelongweaknessofheart.Healmost_____10_____six.Scamperwasagreatdog,atruefriend,Iwillneverforgethim.SeeingthepuppyhismotherleavethehospitalsomethingIwillneverforgeteither...9.10.A.shockedA.suspectA.confusionA.survivedA.supportA.homelessA.quicklyA.ashamedA.eventB.puzzledB.forgetC.delightedC.encounterC.sufferingC.barkedC.comfortC.carelessC.softlyD.depressedD.seizeB.thoughtB.jumpedB.responseB.lifelessB.finallyB.formalB.growthB.gaveD.sorrowD.wakedD.surgeryD.faultlessD.roughlyD.incredibleD.accidentD.heldC.boredC.oppositeC.liftedA.made第二節(jié)共小題；每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。AWorldHealthDaycelebratedeveryyearApril7,foundingdayoftheWHO._____11____(establish)1950,thiseventhasathemeeachyeardrawattentionacurrentworldhealthissue.Thedayalsousedhighlightthe__________(important)personalhealth.Forcommonpeople,wecantakesomeextrasteps_____13_____(care)forourhealthlikegettingagymmembership(andgoing!)orstartingadiet.BInMarch2018,acoupleopenedthefirstZeroGreenBristol,_____14_____(sell)foodandhouseholditemsentirelywithoutpackaging.Shoppers_____15_____(encourage)bringtheirowncontainerstaketheirshoppinghome.Althoughtherewasalotoftrialanderror,plusadditionalchallenges,theybelieve_____16_____theyaredoingasustainablebusinessmodel.CSkijumping_____17_____(feature)eachWinterOlympicssince1924.Comparedwithotherskisports,jumpingis_____18_____(safe)becauseasingleandindependentaction.Skijumpersneedjumpoffahighplatformalone,__________requiresastrongwillandfocus.Inadditionmentalstrength,flexibilityisvital_____20_____skijumpers.Theyneedstretchtheirbodiesandkeepaposturealongtimewhilegoingdownfromaramp(斜坡).第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)（共小題；每小題2分，共閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMakeItModular:StudentDesignChallenge!Imagineyourcommunityasamaterialbank,richwithresourcesre-use.Howcouldyouimprovethebuiltenvironmentbyupcyclingwaste,circulating（循環(huán)）existingmaterials,orregeneratingnature?Yourchallengedesignastructurethatmeetsaneedyourcommunitynowbutcouldalsoberepurposedlater.“Designingfordeconstructioninvolvesamodularapproachwhichbuildingelementscouldbeeasilyreconfigured,reimagined,andrepurposedovertime.Yourdesignshould：??Includeanapproximately20'longx8'widex9'6"highvolumetricmoduleBerelevantoneofthefollowinguses：?AffordableHousing?Covid-eraPublicSpace?ReimaginedOutdoorClassroom?Approachthetaskwithareal-worldperspective,demonstratingskillsandknowledgefromoneormoreofthefollowingfields：architecture,engineering,construction,and/orskilledtradesRequirements：1.Openstudentsages13-21andcurrentlyenrolled（入學(xué)）highschoolorhomeschooled.2.AllentriesMUSTsharetheentrant'sgradeleveltheintroductorystep.3.SubmissionsmustbeenteredbetweenMarch7,2022,June20,2022.IfyouhaveneverpostedInstructablebefore,pleasereferHowWriteanInstructableguideformoreinformation.Theprizesareintendedasscholarshipfundssupportwinners5education,suchtuition,books,room&boardortransportation.Entrieswillbejudgedbasedonthefollowingcriteria：?3DDigitalLiteracy（能力）andDesign;?EngineeringMindset；?Real-worldRelevance；?Presentation.Readthefullcontestrulesmoredetails.21.Accordingthepassage,designscan.A.beusedandrepurposedlaterC.besubmittedonAugust2022B.beplacedamaterialbankD.berelatedartandliterature22.IfastudenthasneverpostedanInstructablebefore,whatshouldheorsheA.Contacttheorganizers.C.Referanonlineguide.B.Quitthedesigncontest.D.Readthefullcontestrules.23.Whatcanwinnersdowiththeprizes?A.Toenrollahighschool.B.payfortuitionandbooks.C.polishhispresentation.D.Toimprovebuiltenvironment.BWilliamFlahertywasdiagnosed（診斷）withHLHwhenhewas3.anoften-fataldiseasewheretheimmune（免疫的）systemattacksthebody'sorgans.ThedoctorgaveWilliam9.5（onascaleofI10,1you'resuperhealthyyou'redead）,whichhitthefamily.Thereweredayswhentheydidn'tknowhewouldlivethrough.InAprilof2008,Williamgotabone-marrow（骨髓）transplantfromolderbrotherCharles.Therecoverfromtooklong.Hehadalotofaftereffectseven22ofhisteethpulled.Atfive,Williamskiedforfirsttime.Ithelpedalotwithlowdensity（密度）andgothimbackgoodshape.Oneyearlater,WilliammovedPuertoRicofelllovewiththeisland.WhenroughtuprepresentRicoAlpineskiing,hisfriendslaughed.PuertoRicodoesn'thavesnow.ButWilliamdidn'tquit.However,wastoughforbalancehistrainingwithmedicalappointmentsandgoingschool.Sohedidaschoolprogramtotallyonline.Hewentalotofcampsandtherewerelotsofearlymorningslike4:00AMalarmclock.ButhemanagedmaintainstraightAssincehalfwaythroughthirdgradeandheplansheadcollegestudyaerospaceengineering.Evenacoldlayhimupfortwoweeks,soWilliamtookextrapre-cautionsoverlasttwoyears.Whiletraining,heworeanN95maskthewholeandcouldn'tridethewithanyone.Aftertraining,hehomedirectly,hisbedroomstayedawaypeople.In2022,the17-year-oldhasmorethan30operations.Havingpreparedfor7yearshefinallymadethestartinglineatBeijingOlympics.“Skiingreallyhelpfulbecauseforcesmefocusononething,“hesaid.“Ireallywantprovealltheothertransplantsurvivorsthattheycandowhatevertheywantlife.”24.WhydidWilliamFlahertystartskiingattheageoffive?A.Toimprovehealth.C.followhisfamily.B.entertainhimself.D.TojointheOlympics.25.WhydidWilliamdeciderepresentPuertoRicoAlpineskiing?A.Becausehisfriendssupportedhim.B.BecausehelovedskiingPuertoRico.C.Becausethatcouldhimenteragoodcollege.D.BecausePuertoRicobettertrainingenvironment.26.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeWilliamFlaherty?A.Bravekind.B.Hopefulandhelpful.C.PassionateandD.Optimisticandhardworking.27.Whichwouldthebestforthispassage?A.SkiingLifeofaTeenager.C.SurvivingfromSevereIllness.B.PreparingWellfortheOlympics.D.DefeatingDiseaseDeliverHope.CAnageingpopulationaglobalphenomenon.Countriesarelookingforthebalmaddressthedemandsofaswellingelderlycommunity.Manynationsarethreatenedbyashortageofhealthcareworkersbecauseofunenviabletaskssuchasbathing,feedingandchangingthediapers.Advancementstechnologynowpresentaninnovativesolutionthis.Japanhasdevelopedcarebots,specially-designedrobots,replacehumancaregivers.Japanalsoworkingatmorecoordinatedcarefortheelderlywithinthecommunitywhichincludestheintegrationofhospitals,homecare,elderlycentresandnursinghomes.Puttingplaceasystemthatcaneffectivelytrackandretrievemedicalhistoryofeveryelderlyperson,Japanleveragestechnologyprovidequalityhealthcarefortheseniors.TheuniquefeatureaboutSwedenthatmostoftheelderlylivetheirownhomeswheretheycontinueenjoyindependently.Localgovernmentsallocatefundsandmanageserviceswhilecitizenshavethefreedomchoosetypeofhomeservicesandtheirserviceprovider.Theycanapplyforhomecareservicesincludingdeliveringmealshomes,hangingcurtains,changinglightbulbsetc.InSweden,thefocusalsoonpreventivecare—keepingtheelderlyhealthy.Theelderlywhoarearenotjustgivenmedicinesbutalsoaspecifictypeofphysicalactivity,wheretheirdoctorsalsomonitortheoutcome.Singaporealsoprovideshomecareservicesandday-carecentreswheretheolderpeoplecangoforrehabilitativeandsocialactivities.Besides,thegovernmentcreatingmoredementia-friendlycommunities,wheresupportcomesfromthecommunity.Variouspeoplewithinacommunitylikepolicemen,shopkeepersandothervolunteersaretrainedassisttheelderlywithdementia（癡呆）.Withgreatercommunityawarenesssupport,moreplausibleforadementiasuffererstayathomeinsteadofanursinghome.Inoursearchforthebestmodelmeetthedemandsofaburgeoningageingpopulation,letuskeepmindthatnoone-size-fits-allsolution.Whatimportantshoulderingtheresponsibilitiesofcaringforthemandensuringthemagewellandcomfortably.28.HowdoesJapandealwiththeproblemoftheshortageofhealthcareworkers?A.Byofferingqualityhealthcarefortheseniors.B.Bytrackingmedicalhistoryofeveryelderlyperson.C.Bydevelopingrobotsprogrammedwithcaregivingfunctions.D.Byintegratingplaceslikehospitals，homecare，andnursinghomes.29.Accordingthepassage,whatdoSwedenSingaporehavecommon?A.Optionalcareservicesareprovidedfree.B.Independentlivingrespectedandsupported.C.Preventivecareforelderlyhighlyvalued.D.Socialactivitiesandvoluntaryhelpareenjoyed.30.Whatthepassagemainlyabout?A.Modelsforgivingtheelderlycare.B.Countrieswithanageingpopulation.C.Responsibilitiesofcaringfortheelderly.D.Demandsofagrowingelderlycommunity.DAneconomist,AdamSmith,famouslywrotethat“itnotfromthebenevolence（慈善）ofthebutcher,thebrewerorthebaker,thatweexpectourdinner,butfromtheirregardtheirownself-interest."LikeSmith,manyeconomiststodaybelievethatone'sself-interestwhatdrivescompetitionandgrowthmarketeconomies.Yet,anincreasinglyinterconnectedsociety,evenmorecrucialhavecollaborativeskills.Thusweshouldencouragecooperationbetterpreparechildrenforthefuture.Firstly,thepresentagemarkedbythetransformativepotentialoftechnologyinteractions,cooperationanespeciallyprizedsoftskillhave.Asaresearchproves,softskillssuchasgoodcommunicationempathyconsistofqualitativeindicatorsofoutstandingemployeesascomparedtechnicalskillsorknowledge.Incontrast,excessively分地）competitiveandindividualisticbehaviourmayfracturesocialrelationsthecommunityofco-workerssincemananisland,eventhemostcompetentemployeewillnotbeablepursuehiseffectivelywithouttheofotherswhoareableshareacommonvisionandunderstanding.Moreover,encouragingcooperationincreaseahealthysenseofself-esteemchildrenthatbetterpreparesthemcompetitiveworkingworld.Manymodemsocietiestodayareconsumedbyanobsessivedriveforsuccessthepressureperformhasinfiltratedbothclassroomsandofficesalike.Theconsequencesofthecompetitivecultureincludehigherratesofanxietydepressionamonguniversitystudentsandofficeworkers,whichallcounterproductive.Teamworkhelpamaturingindividualrealisethateachhashisorherownuniquesetofabilitiesbringthetableandanotherperson'sstrengthsdonotanywaydiminish（降低）thevalueofhisorhertalents.Thus,cooperationcanaffirmtheself-worthofchildrenbycorrectingtheviolentinsightthatwinningorpaperachievementanexclusivemeasureofsuccesslife.However,criticsmayclaimthatacutthroatworld,adaptingcompetitionshouldbeofsupremepriorityeducationandparenting.Toachievedeepestambitions,becomeamedicalorcreateatechonehasadoptcompetitionbyactivelyfightingforopportunitiesanddistinguishingoneselfothers.Nevertheless,sincepassioncanalreadystimulatechildrenworkhardfulfilltheirambitions,theneedencouragecompetitionmayattheoftheday.Asmuchasexternalcompetitioncandrivepeoplepursueexcellence,internalmotivationatleastequallyorarguablyevenmoreessential,andcollaborationplaysaninstrumentalrolehelpingoneuncovertendencymotivations.31.WhatcanbeinferredAdamSmith'swords?A.Oursocietyincreasinglyinterconnected.B.Ourdinnermadeoutoftheregardsmarkets.C.Self-interestpushesthedevelopmentofeconomies.D.Thebutcher,thebrewerorbakernotsympathy.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fracture”meanparagraph2probablymean?A.Deepen.B.Establish.C.Maintain.D.Damage.33.Whichofthefollowingmighttheauthoragreewith?A.Paperachievementanexclusivemeasureofsuccess.B.Confidenceandambitionsbeachievedthroughcooperation.C.Activelyfightingfordistinguishingoneselfahealthycompetition.D.Competitionnotessentialforpeoplepursueexcellence.34.Whattheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Tointroduceparentstheadvantagesofcooperation.B.Toinformparentsbalancecooperationcompetition.C.Topersuadeparentscareabouttheirchildren'seducation.D.Totellparentsencouragechildrenlearncooperate.第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Whenyouneedfindasolutionadesignproblem,couldaskyourself,“Whatanimalsorplantsfaceaproblemtheirlives,andhowtheyhandleit?"35Termites（白蟻）Africacontrolthetemperatureandaircurrentstheirnestsbyhavingthickwallsandairspacesthetoppart.TheEastgateCentreHarare,Zimbabwewasdesignedasimilarway,withthickoverhangsshadingthewindows,andalltheofficesconnectedabigchimneylettinghotairescape.Thisallowsstaycoolwhileusingmuchlessair-conditioning.EngineerNakatsualsoaskedhimselfthesamequestion.37Akeenbirdwatcher,Nakatsurealisedthatkingfishersalsoexperienceanabruptpressurechangewhendivingthewater,buttheirbeaksallowthempiercethroughthewatersmoothly.Histeamfoundputtingalong,pointednoseonthetraingreatlyreducedtheboomstunnelandallowedrunfaster.Havingabigpictureoftheworldwelivealsohelpsusunderstandhowtechnologycanusedprotectinsteaddestroy38Ontheotherhand,plasticpackagingcreatesalotofwasteandpollution.Onecompanyhasupwithanalternativematerialmadeofcomhuskwasteandsomebigcompaniesstartinguse39Nakatsuworriesthatchildrentodaydohavetheopportunitytouchandfeelnature.Headvisesthatstudentsuniversityshouldstudythannarrowfieldsothattheydonotjusthavefixedwayofthinking.A.Innature,everythinggetsrecycled.B.Tomimic（模仿）nature,wemustbefamiliarwithC.ItturnsoutthatnaturalbeautyoftenhasalogicalreasonbehindD.Largecitiesfullofpeopleoftencomparedants'colonies（群）.E.Thisideawasarrangehundredsofmirrorsatasolarpowerplant.F.ItcouldbeagoodsolutionthehotandcrowdedcitiesSoutheastAsiatoo.G.Hisproblemwasthatthepressurefromabullettrainrushingintoatunnelathighspeedcausednoises.第三部分書面表達(dá)（共兩節(jié)，第一節(jié)（共4小題；第、412分，第題3分，第43題5分，共12分）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題。請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡指定區(qū)域作答。“Chooseyourfriendswisely”maynotbegoodparentaladvicebutalsoawaydobettercollege，aresearchstudyfinds.Researchersprovethatstudentswhobefriendstudious（好學(xué)的）peersspendmorehoursstudyingthemselvesandposthighergradesduringtheirfreshman（大學(xué)一年級(jí)新生）year.importantclarifythathavingsmartfriendsisn'tasimportantashavingstudiousfriendsthisstudy.Theresearchersdidn'tfindthatfriends9gradesmattered.Whatinfluencedastudent'scollegegradeswerehisorherfriends9schoolstudyhabits.Tobesure,studentswithhighergradestendhavebetterstudyhabits.Theyalsofoundforeveryadditional10hoursaweekthatastudensfriendsspentstudyinghighschool,onaverage,thestudent'sowntimecollegewouldlikelyincreasebyalmostminutesaday,thesownGPA（GradePointAverage）wouldlikelyrisebyalmostatenthofapointduringfreshmanyear.Almostidenticalresultsareamongfreshmanroommatesrandomlyassignedthecollege,whichconfirmsthatpeersareactuallyinfluencingstudyhabitsandechoingthefriendshipanalysis.Theresearcherscontrolledforgender,raceprioracademicachievementandfoundthatthepositiveinfluenceofstudiouspeerswassimilarforbothhighachievingachievingstudents.ThedifferencebetweenaBandB+average0.3points,sostudiousfriendsarenudginggradesupabit.ThatmeanspeersarejustoneofmanyfactorsinfluencinghowwellstudentsdoSoshouldweencouragepicktheirkids'friendscollege?”Thisoneoutcome-GPA.Thereareotherthingslife.”saidMehtawhoadmitsselectingstudiousfriendswhenhecollege.40.Whatdoresearcherssuggeststudentsdocollege