高考英語復(fù)習(xí)-語法突破篇-3-定語從句市賽課公開課一等獎省名師獲獎?wù)n件

第三講定語從句0102定語從句種類1.限制性定語從句

|2.非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞使用方法1.關(guān)系代詞使用方法

|2.關(guān)系副詞使用方法

3.關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句區(qū)分4.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句5.as引導(dǎo)定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句區(qū)分I.單句語法填空II.單句改錯III.翻譯句子IV.語法填空V.短文改錯1.定語從句中主謂一致

|2.非限制性定語從句與并列句區(qū)分

|3.定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句區(qū)分04針對訓(xùn)練03定語從句幾個問題1/37定語從句種類2/37在復(fù)合句中，修飾名詞或代詞從句叫做定語從句。被定語從句所修飾詞叫先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句詞叫關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞包含關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。定語從句限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句3/371．限制性定語從句它是先行詞在意義上不可缺乏定語，假如去掉，主句意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句與主句關(guān)系十分親密，書寫時不可用逗號分開。假如關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語，關(guān)系代詞通常能夠省略。Doyouknowthegirlwhojustcamein?你認(rèn)識那個剛才進(jìn)來女孩嗎？Shanghaiisacity(that)I'vealwayswantedtovisit.上海是我一直想?yún)⒂^城市。ThetimewhenIfirstmetMr.White

wasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.我第一次遇見懷特先生是我一生中非常困難時期。4/372．非限制性定語從句它只是對先行詞作附加補(bǔ)充說明，假如去掉，主句意思依然清楚完整。這種從句與主句關(guān)系不是很親密，書寫時往往用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句普通不用that引導(dǎo)。Theoldwoman,wholivesonherown,

hasacatforcompany.這個老婦人一個人住，養(yǎng)了一只貓陪同她。Beijing,whichisthecapitalcityofChina,isaverybeautifulcity.中國首都北京是一座非常漂亮城市。5/37關(guān)系詞使用方法6/37關(guān)系詞三重作用連接主句與從句在從句中作句子成分指代先行詞7/371．關(guān)系代詞使用方法幾個常見關(guān)系代詞基本使用方法01關(guān)系代詞先行詞所作成份是否可省that物/人主語/賓語作賓語時能夠省略，前有介詞時不可省略which物主語/賓語who人主語/賓語whom人賓語whose物/人定語不能夠省略8/371．關(guān)系代詞使用方法幾個常見關(guān)系代詞基本使用方法01Howdoyoulikethefilmwhich/thatwasshownlastSunday?你認(rèn)為上周日上映電影怎么樣？Heworkedoutthemostdifficultproblemthat

Ihadeverseen.他解答出了我所見過最難題目。Childrenwho

arenotactiveorwhose

dietishighinfatwillgainweightquickly.不愛活動或飲食富含高脂肪孩子體重會增加很快。Hehasmovedintoahousewhose

windowlooksoutoverthesea.他已經(jīng)搬進(jìn)了一個窗子朝向大海房子。9/371．關(guān)系代詞使用方法關(guān)系代詞that與which使用方法辨析02Henryisthemost

energeticyoungmanthat

Ihaveevercomeacross.亨利是我見過最有活力年輕人。在限制性定語從句中指代物時，which和that普通可通用。但要注意以下幾個情況：只用that而不用which情況?先行詞有形容詞最高級修飾時?先行詞有序數(shù)詞修飾時Thisisthethird

timethat

theyhavemet.這是他們第三次見面。10/371．關(guān)系代詞使用方法關(guān)系代詞that與which使用方法辨析02Hetalkedabouttheschoolsandteachersthat

hehadvisited.他談?wù)摿怂煸L過學(xué)校和老師。只用that而不用which情況?先行詞現(xiàn)有些人又有物時?先行詞為all，much，few，little，something，everything，anything，nothing，none等不定代詞時I'dliketotellyousomethingthat

mightmakeyousurprised.我想告訴你一件可能會讓你吃驚事情。?先行詞前面有thevery，theonly，thesame，any，few，little，no，all，oneof等詞修飾時Thisisthevery

roomthat

Isleptinthatevening.這正是我那天晚上睡覺房間。11/371．關(guān)系代詞使用方法關(guān)系代詞that與which使用方法辨析02IborrowedthebookSherlock

Holmesfromthelibrarylastweek，which

myclassmatesrecommendedtome.我上周從圖書館借了《夏洛克·福爾摩斯》這本書，這是我同學(xué)推薦給我。只用which而不用that情況?引導(dǎo)非限制訂語從句時?在定語從句中，關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時Iwasputinapositioninwhich

IhadtoacceptIwaslessimportant.我被置之于我不得不接收我不主要境地。12/372．關(guān)系副詞使用方法關(guān)系副詞先行詞所作成份when＝介詞＋which時間時間狀語where＝介詞＋which地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語why＝for＋which原因原因狀語13/372．關(guān)系副詞使用方法WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundaywhen

theweathermaybebetter.＝WewillputoffthepicnicuntilnextSundayonwhich

theweathermaybebetter.我們把野餐推遲到下周日，那時天氣可能會變好。WhenIarrived，hetookmetoseethehousewhere

Iwouldbestaying.＝WhenIarrived，hetookmetoseethehouseinwhich

Iwouldbestaying.當(dāng)我抵達(dá)時，他帶我去看了我將要住房子。Thereasonwhy

Idon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.＝Thereasonforwhich

Idon'ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies.我不信任他原因是他經(jīng)常撒謊。14/372．關(guān)系副詞使用方法

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where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，不但僅修飾詳細(xì)地點(diǎn)，還能夠修飾抽象地點(diǎn)，此時先行詞常為situation，case，point等抽象名詞。Hegotintoasituationwhere

itwashardtodecidewhatwasrightandwrong.他陷入一個難以分辨是非局面。15/373．關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句區(qū)分正確區(qū)分關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞，關(guān)鍵是要搞清楚它們在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)什么成份，而不但僅取決于先行詞是什么。假如關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語，就用關(guān)系代詞；假如關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作狀語，就用關(guān)系副詞。試比較：Thisisthecollege(that/which)Ivisited.ThisisthecollegewhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.I’llneverforgettheday(that/which)wespenttogether.I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIgotmarried.16/374．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句關(guān)系代詞選取先行詞是人whom先行詞是物which介詞選取先行詞意義和搭配從句中動詞或形容詞搭配依據(jù)句子意思判斷表示“整體和部分關(guān)系”慣用of17/374．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句Doyourememberthedayonwhich

youjoinedourclub?還記得你加入我們俱樂部那一天嗎？(on與theday搭配)Tradingleathershoesisthebusinesstowhich

theGreensaredevoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于事業(yè)。(bedevotedto為固定搭配)Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding，mostofwhom

arefamilymembers.約翰邀請了大約40人參加他婚禮，他們當(dāng)中絕大部分都是家人。18/374．“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)定語從句

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whose也能夠放在介詞后，即“介詞＋whose＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，個別情況下也能夠用“介詞＋when/where”。IwishtothankProfessorSmith，withoutwhose

helpIwouldneverhavegotthisfar.我想要感激史密斯教授，沒有他幫助，我永遠(yuǎn)不會取得這么大成就。Sheclimbeduptothetopofthehill，fromwhere

shecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholetown.她登上山頂，從那里她能夠一覽全城風(fēng)光。19/375．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句區(qū)分as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句01It'sthesame

personas

wewantedtofindyesterday.我們昨天要找是同一個人。Such

girlsas

heknowsaregoodatEnglish.他所認(rèn)識女孩都擅長英語。Shewillmarryas

wealthyamanas

shecanfind.她將嫁給她能找到任何一個有錢人。其主要結(jié)構(gòu)有：thesame...as...，such...as...，as/so...as...等。主句中出現(xiàn)thesame，as，such，so修飾先行詞，需選擇as作關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語或賓語。20/375．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句區(qū)分as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句01

[名師指津]

thesame，such，so引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句區(qū)分thesame，such，so能夠與as或that搭配。as引導(dǎo)是定語從句，在從句中充當(dāng)成份；而that引導(dǎo)是結(jié)果狀語從句，從句結(jié)構(gòu)完整。Itisso

breathtakingaparkthat

everyonewantstovisitit.(結(jié)果狀語從句)Itisso

breathtakingaparkas

everyonewantstovisit.(定語從句)21/375．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句區(qū)分as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句區(qū)分02as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時都能夠代指整個主句內(nèi)容，其主要區(qū)分以下：關(guān)系詞從句位置意義as放在主句之前、主句之后或者插在主句中間皆可正如which只能放在主句之后這一點(diǎn)22/375．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)定語從句及其與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句區(qū)分as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句區(qū)分02Aseveryoneknows，Chinaisabeautifulcountrywithalonghistory.每個人都知道，中國是一個有著悠久歷史漂亮國家。Thesunheatstheearth，whichisveryimportanttous.太陽使地球暖起來，這對我們?nèi)祟惡苤饕?/p>

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當(dāng)非限制性定語從句謂語為被動式謂語時，慣用as引導(dǎo)。asbeannounced，asbeexpected，asbeknown，asbereported，asbesaid，asbeshownTheairqualityinthecity，asisshowninthereport，hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.正如匯報所顯示那樣，在過去兩個月里，這個城市空氣質(zhì)量已經(jīng)有所改進(jìn)。23/37定語從句幾個問題24/371．定語從句中主謂一致定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時，從句謂語人稱和數(shù)要與先行詞一致。01Heisthemanwho/thatwants

toseeyou.Thepicturesthat/whichlook

beautifulweredrawnbyhim.as/which作主語引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句指全句時，從句謂語用第三人稱。02Liquidwaterchangestovapor，whichis

calledevaporation(蒸發(fā))．Asis

usual，Hanscametoschoollatethismorning.25/372．非限制性定語從句與并列句區(qū)分區(qū)分方法主要看前后句之間是否有and，but等并列連詞或分號等存在，若有，則為并列句；假如只有逗號，且逗號后內(nèi)容是對前面某一名詞補(bǔ)充說明，則為非限制性定語從句。Inourclassthereare46students，ofwhom

halfwearglasses.(定語從句)Inourclassthereare46students，andhalfofthem

wearglasses.(并列句)26/373．定語從句與地點(diǎn)狀語從句區(qū)分where能夠引導(dǎo)定語從句，也能夠引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，二者區(qū)分主要看有沒有先行詞。Ricegrowswellintheplacewhere

thereisenoughwater.(定語從句)Ricegrowswellwhere

thereisenoughwater.(地點(diǎn)狀語從句)27/37Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Likeanything,itispossibletohavetoomuchoffatandsalt，___________________isnotgoodforthehealth.(·全國卷Ⅰ)2．Sarah，____________________hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels，wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.(·全國卷Ⅱ)3．Myeldestson，____________________worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.(·天津卷)4．Thelittleproblems____________________

wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.(·北京卷)5．In1963theUNsetuptheWorldFoodProgramme,oneof____________________purposesistorelieveworldwidestarvation.(·江蘇卷)whichwhowhosethat/which/不填whose28/37Ⅰ.單句語法填空6．MyconnectionwithpandasgoesbacktomydaysonaTVshowinthemid-1980s,____________________IwasthefirstWesternTVreporter.(·全國卷Ⅰ)7．Istillrememberthefarm____________________myparentsworkedtenyearsago.8．Iboughtagreatmanybooks，____________________whichIspentallmymoneythatIhadsaved.9．Thereissowarmahouse____________________wewanttolivein.10．Theonlything____________________isslowerthanbeforeisthewaywedrive.whenwhereonasthat29/37Ⅰ.單句語法填空11．Thereisnosimpleanswer，____________________isoftenthecaseinscience.12．Theyhavereachedthepoint____________________theyhavetoseparatewitheachother.13．Rememberthatthereisstillonepoint____________________wemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.14．Thereason____________________whichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear.15．Lilytookafewfriendstomybirthdayparty，noneof____________________Iwasfamiliarwith.aswherewhichforwhom30/37Ⅱ.單句改錯1．Intheirsparetime,theyareinterestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden,thatisontherooftopoftheirhouse.(·全國卷Ⅱ)2．Aroundmeinthepicturearethethingstheywereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.(·全國卷Ⅲ)3．ThedisheswhatIcookedwereMom'sfavorite.4．Havingteainthelateafternoonprovidesabridgebetweenlunchanddinner,thatmightnotbeserveduntil8o'clockatnight.5．Wewentuptotheroof，fromwhichwehadagoodviewoftheprocession.whichthat/whichthat/which或去掉whatwhichwhere31/37Ⅱ.單句改錯6．Thechildren，allofthemhadplayedthewholedaylong，werewornout.7．Myhouse，thatIboughttwoyearsago，hasgotalovelygarden.8．Whichweknow，smokingisharmfultoone'shealth.9．Thisisthemuseumwherewevisitedlastsummer.10．Isthisthereasonwhyheexplainedforhisrudenessatthemeeting？whom或where→which/thatwhichAs或why→which/that32/37Ⅲ.翻譯句子1．上周你看見那個人已離開了城鎮(zhèn)。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)2．桂林是座含有2000年歷史城市。(which/that在從句子中作主語)3．住在樓下那個人英語說得很好。(who/that在從句中作主語)4．他給我們講了許多我們從來沒有聽說過有趣人和事。(that在從句中作賓語)Themanwhom/thatyousawlastweekhasleftthetown.Guilinisacitywhich/thathasahistoryof2，000years.Themanwho/thatlivesdownstairsspeaksEnglishwell.Hetoldusmanyinterestingthingsandpersonsthatwehadneverheard.33/37Ⅲ.翻譯句子5．查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾經(jīng)是我老師。(who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)6．我去年買那幢房子帶著個漂亮花園。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)7．正如一句諺語所說，“只工作，不玩耍，聰明孩子也變傻?！?as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)8．在漢語演講比賽中取得一等獎，這是我做夢也沒有想到。(which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句)CharlieSmith，whowasmyformerteacher，retiredlastyear.Myhouse，whichIboughtlastyear，hasgotalovelygarden.Asasayinggoes，“AllworkbutnoplaymakesJackadullboy.”IwonthefirstprizeintheChinesespeechcompetition，whichwasbeyondmywildestdreams.34/37Ⅳ.語法填空LaughterYogaisanewformofexercise1.________promotestheuseoflaughterasaformofphysicalexercise.It2.________(create)inthemid-1990sasasocialexperiment.AlthoughitcamefromIndiaand3.________(definite)includessomeyoga，don'texpectittohavemuchincommonwiththeyogaclasses4.________(offer)atyourlocalstudioorgym.LaughterYogaattachesmoreimportancetotheformerthantothelatter.Themethodbeganin1995whenDr.MadanKatariacalledonagroupofstudentsinapark5.________(test)whetherintroducingregularlaughterintopeople'sliveswouldimprovetheirwell-being.Katariaalsointroduceddeepbreathingandsimplestretchesintotheexercises.that/whichwascreateddefinitelyofferedtotest35/37Ⅳ.語法填空Medicalresearchhassuggested6.________laughingisagoodwaytoreducestre