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課時作業(yè)32RobotsⅠ.閱讀理解(四川成都外國語學校檢測)Kandareallydoesn'tliketowalkalone.Thescientistfromaresearchinstituteofintelligentrobotsfindstheexperiencesoboringthathe'dratherdrive—eventhoughhelivesclosetohislabandknowsthatwalkingishealthy.“Ienjoywalkingwithsomeone,likewithmywife,withmydaughter,”Kandasaid.“Buttheyarenotalwaysavailable.”SoKanda,whospecializesinhuman-likerobots,developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings,which,hehopes,mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.Therobotrestsonaperson'sshoulderlikeaboxyparrot.Itweighsaboutapoundandahalfandsitsroughly8.5incheshigh,3.5incheswide,and10incheslong.Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.It'sevenequippedwithasmile.Kandaandhisteamcollectedvideofromfivedifferentlocations,includingagardenandashoppingmall,andcreatedadatasetofsmalltalktopicsrelatedtoeachlocation.Thentheyprogrammedtherobottoassociatevisualcueswithspecifictopics.Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.Nearagroupofparkedcars,forexample,itmightsay,“InabigparkinglotsometimesIforgetwhereIparked.”Theytestedtheroboton15volunteers,10malesand5females,whowerepaidandaveragedabout26yearsold.“Haveyoueverblownapuffofdandelion(蒲公英)seedsintotheair?”Therobotaskedaparticipantwhosmiledandresponded,“Yes,IoftendidthatwhenIwasachild.”Althoughseveralparticipantsnotedtherobot'sweight,Kandawassurprisedthatnooneconsideredtheexperiencestrangeorfunny.“Iguesspeopleenjoynewtechnologies,”hesaid.Justlikeahumanpartner,Kanda'srobotisn'tperfect.It'snotabletogoforwalksinheavyrainand,whiletherobotcanmakeexpressions,itcan'treallyholdaconversation,aboutwhichKandaismostworried.Despiteitslimits,Kandawascomfortedbytherobot'spresence.“Ifeltakindofsenseofbeingwithsomeone,”hesaid,“particularlywhenitspoke.”本文主要講述了科學家Kanda因不喜歡自己一個人走路,需要有人陪伴而產生靈感,發(fā)明了可以陪人走路的機器人。這個機器人還可以根據(jù)場合的不同說出簡單的句子,讓人有種被陪伴的感覺。1.WhydoesKandahavetheideaofdevelopingaroboticwalkingpartner?A.Becausehewantssomeonetoaccompanyhimwhilewalking.B.Becausehehasneverdevelopedarobotlikeaparrot.C.Becausehisfamilyareunwillingtowalkwithhim.D.Becauseheiscrazyaboutdevelopingrobots.答案:A解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Kanda的自述說自己喜歡家人的陪伴,不喜歡自己一個人走路,到第二段中“SoKanda,whospecializesinhuman-likerobots,developedaroboticwalkingpartnerthatcouldmakesmalltalkbasedonitssurroundings,which,hehopes,mightmotivatepeopletogetoutandexercisemore.”可知,Kanda是希望有人陪伴自己走路,才有了發(fā)明這種機器人的想法。故選A。2.Whatcharacteristicdoestherobothave?A.Itcan“speak”and“see”.B.Itcanwalklikeahumanbeing.C.Itcancommunicatewithpeoplefreely.D.Itismuchmorehumorousthanarealperson.答案:A解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Amicrophone,aspeaker,andaninternalcameraallowittocommunicate.”以及第三段“Aspecialspeechsoftwareprovidedtherobotwithavoice.Nearagroupofparkedcars,forexample,itmightsay,‘InabigparkinglotsometimesIforgetwhereIparked.’”可知,這個機器人可以“說話”也可以“看”。故選A。3.Whatisnecessaryfortherobottofunction?A.Asmallsize.B.Aboxyshape.C.Ahumanpartner.D.Aspeechsoftware.答案:D解析:細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“‘Ifeltakindofsenseofbeingwithsomeone,’hesaid,‘particularlywhenitspoke.’”可知,當機器人說話的時候最能讓人有陪伴感,所以他的聲音系統(tǒng)是必不可少的。故選D。4.WhatisKandamostlikelytodoabouthisrobotnext?A.Tomakeitmoreconvenienttocarry.B.Toimproveitsconversationalskills.C.Toenableittowalkinheavyrain.D.Tobetteritssoundsystem.答案:B解析:推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“whiletherobotcanmakeexpressions,itcan'treallyholdaconversation,aboutwhichKandaismostworried”可知,不能進行對話是Kanda最擔心的事情,所以他接下來會改進這一方面。故選B。Ⅱ.閱讀填句(吉林長春十一中檢測)Whilebeinglostinthewoodscanbeafrighteningexperience,survivingaloneinthewildisgenerallyamatterofcommonsense,patience,andwiselyusingthegiftsthatnatureprovides.__1__Doyourresearchfirst.Don'tjusttrekoffintothewilderness;getasolidunderstandingofyoursurroundingsfirst.Studyingamapoftheareawhereyou'regoing—andmakingsuretobringitwithyou—willincreaseyourchancesofnotgettinglosttremendously.Educateyourselfaboutthefloraandfaunaoftheareayouareexploring.__2____3__AcellphonewithasparebatteryoraportableCBradiocanbeyourbest,quickestmeansofrescueifyouaretrulylostorinjured.Acellsignalmayonlybeobtainableonlyfromahillortree,butisbetterthannothing.SerioushikersmayevenconsiderinvestinginapersonallocatorbeaconsuchastheSPOTMessengerforextended,precarious,orveryremotetreks.Don'tpanicifyou'relost.Panicismoredangerousthanalmostanythingelse,becauseitinterfereswiththeoperationofyoursinglebest,mostusefulandversatilesurvivaltool:yourmind.Themomentyourealizethatyouarelost,beforeyoudoanythingelse,stop.__4__Beforeyouact,followtheideaofSTOP:S=sitdown,T=think,O=observeyoursurroundings,P=prepareforsurvivalbygatheringmaterials.Signalyourlocation.Makenoisebywhistling,shouting,singing,orbangingrockstogether.__5__Ifyou'reinamountainmeadow,makethreepilesofdarkleavesorbranchesinatriangle.Insandyareas,makealargetriangleinthesand.Threeofanythinginthewildernessisastandarddistresssignal.A.Bringameansofcommunication.B.Starvationwon'tbeabigproblem.C.Takeadeepbreathandstaycalm.D.Havingstrengthinnumberswillhelpyousurvive.E.Ifyoucan,markyourlocationinsuchawaythatit'svisiblefromtheair.F.Knowledgeofthelocalplantsandanimalscansaveyourlife.G.Ifyouwanttoknowhowtosurviveinthewoods,justfollowthesesteps.文章講述了在野外迷路時應該采取的有效措施。1.解析:上文寫在森林迷路是令人恐懼的事,野外生存需要常識、耐心和明智地利用自然資源。下文是具體措施,G項“如果你想知道怎樣在森林里生存,遵循下列步驟”承上啟下,故選G。2.解析:本段講要先進行調查,上句講要熟悉你所探索區(qū)域的動植物,F(xiàn)項“對當?shù)貏又参锏牧私饽芡炀壬背薪由衔?。localplantsandanimals與上句的thefloraandfaunaofthearea意思一致,故選F。3.解析:根據(jù)下文的“AcellphonewithasparebatteryoraportableCBradio...”可知,本段講攜帶通信設備的作用,故A項符合語境。4.解析:本段講迷路后不要驚慌,此處講做事前要深呼吸以保特鎮(zhèn)靜。故選C。5.解析:本段講要示意你的位置,通過發(fā)出聲音或制作標記來求救。E項中markyourlocation與本段內容一致,故選E。Ⅲ.語法填空(山西安康檢測)Hospitalshaven'talwaysbeencleanandquietplaces.Longagotheyweredirtyandcrowded.Nurseswerenevertaught__1__tolookaftertheirpatientsandmanypeopledied.ItwasFlorenceNightingalewhochangedallthis.Florencewasbornin1820.Asachild,sheoftenwentwithhermother__2__(visit)thepoorpeople.Theytookfoodandmedicinetothesick.Itwasthesevisitsthatfirstgavehertheideaofbecoming__3__nurse.Herchancecamein1854whenBritainwenttowarwithRussia.Florence__4__(ask)bythegovernmenttotakeagroupofnursestolookafterthesickandthe__5__(wound).Thehospitalsweredirty,andtherewasn'tenoughmedicine.Florenceandherteamworkedveryhard,__6__(clean)thehospitalroomsandmadethebedeveryday.Atnight,shewouldgofromroomtoroom,__7__(check)onthepatients.Sheoftenstayedtotalktothepatientsandprovidedcomfort__8__them.Afterthewar,Florenceopenedaschooltoteachnursestolookaftertheirpatients__9__(proper).However,sheneverreallymadeafull__10__(recover)fromtheillnessthatshehadgotinthewar,andshediedin1910.本文是對護理事業(yè)的創(chuàng)始人、現(xiàn)代護理教育的奠基人弗洛倫斯·南丁格爾的介紹。1.解析:考查疑問詞。根據(jù)語境,此處指以前的護士從未被教過要如何照顧病人,故用how。2.解析:考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結構可知,此處為不定式短語在句中作目的狀語。3.解析:考查冠詞。根據(jù)語境可知,此處表泛指,指“成為一名護士”,故應用不定冠詞a。4.解析:考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處說的是發(fā)生在過去的事情,應用一般過去時;又根據(jù)空后的“bythegovernment”可知,F(xiàn)lorence與ask之間是被動關系,應用被動語態(tài)。5.解析:考查詞性轉換?!皌he+adj.”是固定用法,表示一類人,故填wounded。6.解析:考查時態(tài)。分析句子結構可知,此處cleaned與worked和made并列作句子的謂語,故也應用一般過去時。7.解析:考查非謂語動詞。check與其邏輯主語she之間是主動關系,故應用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語。8.解析:考查介詞。根據(jù)語境可知,此處指的應是“她給他們提供慰藉”,providesth.forsb.=providesb.withsth.。9.解析:考查副詞。空處修飾lookafter,應用副詞形式。10.解析:考查名詞。根據(jù)語境及空前的“afull”可知此處應用名詞。Ⅳ.短文改錯(山東萊蕪第一次檢測)IhavenoticedthatmuchofthefictionandnonfictionworkspublishinginTeenMagazinehaveahappyending.Whilethesearepleasantlytoread,onehastoaskhowitispossiblethatthereissomuchoptimism.I'mallforpositivethinking,andreadersshouldalsobeexposedbythedarkersideoflife.Whypublishastoryaboutsomeonewhoseexperiencesatragedyandgetsnothinginreturn?Afterall,that'slife.Noteverystoryhaveahappyending.IthinkthiswouldbenefitfromTeenMagazine'sreaderstoseebothkinds:happyandreal.答案與解析1.much→many考查代詞。works指“作品”時為可數(shù)名詞,應該用many而不是much修飾。2.publishing→published考查非謂語動詞。publishedinTeenMagazine作works的定語,跟所修飾的名詞為被動關系,故用過去分詞。3.pleasantly→pleasant考查形容詞與副詞。作表語應該用形容詞而不是副詞。4.and→but考查連詞。and表并列關系,而此處前后兩句為轉折關系,故用but。5.by→to考查動詞短語。beexposedto為固定搭配,意為“遭受,暴露于……”。6.Why后加not考查行文邏輯。Whynot...?是表示提建議的固定句型,所以在Why后加上not。7.whose→who/that考查定語從句引導詞。此句為定語從句,先行詞為someone,從句中缺少主語,故需要關系代詞who/that充當從句的主語。8.have→has考查主謂一致。every

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